山东省济南莱州市高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）

山东省济南莱州市2021届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABookYourFieldTriptoPacificScienceCenterAfieldtriptoPacificScienceCenterisatimehonoredtraditionforstudentsofallagesacrossWashingtonState.Ourhandsonexhibitsshows,andcreativeprogramsinspirestudents’curiosityforscienceinadayofexplorationmeanttostrengthenyourcurriculumandfuellifelongenthusiasmforscience,math,engineeringandtechnology.Schedule(安排)YourFieldTripToscheduleyourfieldtrip,pletetheregistrationrequestformavailableatthelink/fieldtripsl/,orcall(206)4432925Monday—Fridayfrom8:30a.m.to4:30p.m.notlessthantwoweeksaheadofyourvisitdate.Wewillcontactyouwithintwobusinessdaystosetupyourfieldtrip.NewFall/winterHoursStartingSeptember3,2019PacSciwillbeclosedonMondaysandTuesdaysexceptforholidaysandweeksduringSeattlePublicSchoolbreaks.Wewillnolongerbebookingfieldtripsonthosedays,aswell.PricingFieldTripPackagePricePerStudentExhibitsOnly$9Package1Exhibitspluschoiceofoneexperiences$11Package2Exhibitspluschoiceoftwoexperiences$13Package3Exhibitspluschoiceofthreeexperiences$15Onefreeadultgeneraladmissioniscoveredforevery10paidstudents.Freeadultadmissiondoesn’tincludeIMAXdocumentary.Theseadultswillbechargeda$4IMAXdocumentaryadmission.Additionaladultsoutsideoftheratio(比例)willbechargedthestudentadmissionrate.PacificScienceCenterMembershipscannotbeappliedtofieldtrips.Paymentisdueoneweekbeforeyouvisit.AvailableExperiences■PlanetariumShows■IMAXDocumentaries■ScienceonaSphereShows■LaserShows1.WhatcanweknowaboutPacificScienceCenter?A.Itisfamousforitstypicalarchitecture.B.Itoffersstudentschancesforfreeclasses.C.It’swherestudentscanlearnaboutscience.D.ItisonlyaccessibletostudentsinWashington.2.If2teachersand10studentswatchexhibitsandIMAXDocumentaries,howmuchwilltheyatleastpay?A.$118. B.$125.C.$127. D.$134.3.Whencanwereserveafieldtripbyphone?A.Onweekends.B.AnyMondayorTuesday.C.Twoworkdaysaheadofthevisittime.D.Atleast14daysbeforetheactualvisit.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预定到太平洋科学中心实地考察旅行的相关事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Ourhandsonexhibits,shows,andcreativeprogramsinspirestudents’curiosityforscienceinadayofexplorationmeanttostrengthenyourcurriculumandfuellifelongenthusiasmforscience,math,engineeringandtechnology.我们的手工展览、表演和创意项目激发了学生对科学的好奇心，在这一天的探索意味着加强您的课程和推动对科学、数学、工程和技术的终身热情。可知，学生们可以在太平洋科学中心这里学习科学知识。故选C项。2题详解】细节理解题。根据Pricing中Package1：Exhibitspluschoiceofoneexperiences$11可知，10个学生的费用是11*10=110美元；再根据Onefreeadultgeneraladmissioniscoveredforevery10paidstudents.Freeadultadmissiondoesn’tincludeIMAXdocumentary.Theseadultswillbechargeda$4IMAXdocumentaryadmission.Additionaladultsoutsideoftheratio(比例)willbechargedthestudentadmissionrate.每10名付费学生可免费获得一次成人普通入场券。免费成人门票不包括IMAX纪录片。这些成年人将收取4美元的IMAX纪录片门票。超出这一比例的成人将按学生入场价格收费。可知，两名教师的费用是4+11=15美元。因此全部价格是125美元。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Schedule(安排)YourFieldTrip中…orcall(206)4432925Monday—Fridayfrom8:30a.m.to4:30p.m.notlessthantwoweeksaheadofyourvisitdate.请在访问日期前不少于两周，在周一至周五上午8:30至下午4:30，可以打(206)4432925预定您的实地考察。可知，至少在实地考察前2周，也就是至少14天前打预定。故选D项。BAnairlinepassengerensureda20yearoldmanwasreunitedwithhislostwalletalongwithalittleextrasomethingtomakeupfortheirtimeapart.HunterShamattfirstlosthiswalletwhilehewasonaFrontierAirlinesflightfromOmahatoattendhissister'sweddinginLasVegasearlierthismonth.Onrealizinghiswalletwaslost,hecontactedtheairlinetoseeifanyonehadturneditin—buttonoavail.SincethewalletcontainedhisID,asignedpaycheck,hisdebitcardand$60incash,he“fearedtheworst”.Shortlyaftertheflight,however,Hunterwasshockedtoreceiveapackageinthemailfromanunknownsender.Insidewashiswalletalongwithanadditional$40incash.“FoundthisonaFrontierflightfromOmahatoDenverrow12,seatFstuckbetweentheseatandwall,”readaletterinthepackage.“Thoughtyoumightwantithack.Allthebest.PS:Iroundedyourcashuptoaneven$100soyoucouldcelebrategettingyourwallethack.Havefun!”Hunter'smother,Jeannie,postedaphotoofthelettertosocialmediainhopesthattheywouldbeabletotrackdownthesenderandthankthemfortheirkindness.AlltheyhadtogoonwasthattheletterwassentfromAppliedUnderwritersinOmahaandthesender'sinitialsweresigned:"T.B".TheGoodManwaslateridentifiedasToddBrown,afatheroffivewhowasdelightedatthechanceto"havealittlefun"withhelpingoutahardworkingstranger.Brownsaysthatheoftentriestodogooddeedswithoutanyrecognition,thuswhyhedidn'tsignhisfullnameontheletter,butJeannielaterinsistedonpraisingtheNebraskanativeonsocialmedia.“Itrytoteachmychildrentodotherightthingsinlife,helppeoplewhenyoucandespitetheoute,”shewroteonFacebook.“Thisstoryismoreaboutrestoringfaithinpeoplethananything”.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tonoavail"inparagraph2mean?A.Underdiscussion. B.Invain. C.Beyondbelief. D.Ataloss.5.WhydidJeannieuploadapictureofthelettertosocialmedia?A.Tothrowlightonthetruth.B.TodrawattentiontoHunter'slostwallet.C.Tofindoutthesendertoexpressgratefulness.D.Tosinghighpraiseforthesender'sgenerosity.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrown?A.Innocent. B.Warmhearted. C.Romantic. D.Easygoing.7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.HunterShamattaLuckyMan B.YoungPassengerReuniteswithSisterC.HelpingNeedyPeopleIsaGreatVirtue D.StrangerReturnsLostWalletwithMoreCashInside【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了Hunter在一次乘坐飞机时，丢失了自己的钱包，联系航空公司也没有找到，后来却收到了一个未知寄件人的包裹，里面有Hunter的钱包，还有另外的40美元现金。他的母亲在社交媒体上发布了包裹的信息，希望找到这个好心人，最后找到了热心的寄件人ToddBrown。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段Shortlyaftertheflight,however,Hunterwasshockedtoreceiveapackageinthemailfromanunknownsender.Insidewashiswalletalongwithanadditional$40incash.可知然而，在这次飞行后不久，Hunter震惊地收到了一个来自未知寄件人的包裹。里面是他的钱包，还有另外的40美元现金。由此可知，当Hunter意识到自己的钱包丢失时，他联系了航空公司，看是否有人归还了钱包，结果是徒劳的，钱包没有找到，是不久之后有人寄给了他钱包的。即，划线短语意思为“徒劳地”。A.Underdiscussion.正在讨论中；B.Invain.徒劳，无效；C.Beyondbelief.难以置信；D.Ataloss.茫然。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中Hunter'smother,Jeannie,postedaphotoofthelettertosocialmediainhopesthattheywouldbeabletotrackdownthesenderandthankthemfortheirkindness.可知Hunter的母亲Jeannie在社交媒体上发布了这封信的照片，希望他们能找到寄件人，并感谢他们的好意。由此可知，Jeannie要把这封信的照片上传到社交媒体上，是为了找出寄件人，并表达感激。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Brownsaysthatheoftentriestodogooddeedswithoutanyrecognition,thuswhyhedidn'tsignhisfullnameontheletter,butJeannielaterinsistedonpraisingtheNebraskanativeonsocialmedia.可知Brown说，他经常试图做一些没有得到任何认可的好事，因此他没有在信上签下自己的全名，但Jeannie后来坚持在社交媒体上称赞这位内布拉斯加人。由此可推知，Brown是个热心的人。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Anairlinepassengerensureda20yearoldmanwasreunitedwithhislostwalletalongwithalittleextrasomethingtomakeupfortheirtimeapart.可知一名航空乘客帮助一名20岁的男子找回了丢失的钱包，还捎带了一些额外的东西来弥补他们分开的时间。结合文章主要讲叙了Hunter在一次乘坐飞机时，丢失了自己的钱包，联系航空公司也没有找到，后来却收到了一个未知寄件人的包裹，里面有Hunter的钱包，还有另外的40美元现金。他的母亲在社交媒体上发布了包裹的信息，希望找到这个好心人，最后找到了热心的寄件人ToddBrown。由此可知，D选项“陌生人归还丢失的钱包，里面有更多的现金”最符合文章标题。故选D。CBeesareessentialforthepollinationofflowers,fruitsandvegetables.Sadly,overthepast15years,theglobalpopulationofthehardworkinginsectshasbeendroppingworldwideatalarmingratesduetolossoffoodandhabitat.Now,Dutchcitiesareingupwithcreativeideastohelpstemthepopulationdecreaseoftheseallimportantinsects.InAmsterdam,beescanliveforfreeinspeciallybuilt“hotels”—tallwoodenstructures—acrossthecity.Whiletheymaynotlooklikemuchtotheuntrainedeye,theyprovideperfecthomesformembersoftheover200knownspeciesofsolitarybees.Asthenameindicates,theinsectsspendtheirlivesalone.Thesmartinsectsnestinsideholesliketheonesprovidedbytheinsecthotels,markingtheiroccupancybycoveringtheentrancewithamud“door”.Thoughunabletoproducehoney,solitarybeesareexcellentpollinatorsandperformanessentialroleinmanyecosystems.Additionally,cityofficialsarealsoeducatingpeopleontheuseofharmfulchemicalsandareprovidingprizemoneytoencouragedeveloperstobuildgreenroofsandpopulatethemwithlocalplants.In2015,theysetagoaltochangesomeplantsinpublicgreenspacestonativeplants.Geert,oneofeightecologistsworkingforthecity,says,“Ourideaiswhenwedesignapark,weusenativespeciesbutalsothespeciesthatgivealotoffloweringandfruitforbees.”Manypeople,withhelpfromthegovernment,arereplacingthesidewalksoutsidetheirhomeswithsmallgardensfeaturingflowers.InUtrecht,busstoproofsaregraduallybeingturnedintobeautiful,livinggardensdesignedtoattractvarietiesofbeespecies.Thegreenroofs,whichnaturallycollectbothrainwateranddust,arealsobeneficialfortheenvironment.Thesecities’collectiveeffortsseemtobeworking.Arecentstudyfoundthatthevarietyofbeespeciestherehasincreasedbyanastonishing45percentsince2000.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stem”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Review. B.Stop. C.Monitor. D.Improve.9.What’sspecialaboutthebeesinAmsterdam?A.They’renotsocialinsects.B.Theymakehighqualityhoney.C.Theyliketonesttogetherinwoods.D.They’rescaredofotherspeciesofbees.10.Whatarebusstopgreenroofsmainlymeanttodo?A.Collectrainwaterforfutureuse.B.Plantflowersforenjoyment.C.Drawbeestothem.D.Cleardustaway.11.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Protectingtheenvironment.B.Importanceofbeesinecosystems.C.Designideasofinsecthotelsandbeestops.D.Dutchcities’attemptstorestorebeepopulation.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述近年来蜜蜂数量正在以惊人的速度下降。现在荷兰的一些城市采取了多种措施努力增加蜜蜂的数量，并取得了可喜的成果。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“theglobalpopulationofthehardworkinginsectshasbeendroppingworldwideatalarmingratesduetolossoffoodandhabitat.”由于食物和栖息地的丧失，全球勤劳昆虫的数量以惊人的速度下降可知，荷兰的城市要做的是帮助阻止这些非常重要的昆虫的数量减少。故此处“stem”意为“阻止”。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Asthenameindicates,theinsectsspendtheirlivesalone.”顾名思义，昆虫独自生活。由此判断出，阿姆斯特丹的蜜蜂不是群居昆虫。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“InUtrecht,busstoproofsaregraduallybeingturnedintobeautiful,livinggardensdesignedtoattractvarietiesofbeespecies.”在Utrecht，公共汽车站的屋顶正逐渐变成美丽的、有活力的花园，旨在吸引各种蜜蜂。由此判断出，公交车站绿化屋顶的主要目的是把蜜蜂吸引过来。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now,Dutchcitiesareingupwithcreativeideastohelpstemthepopulationdecreaseoftheseallimportantinsects.”现在，荷兰的城市正在想一些有创意的想法来帮助阻止这些非常重要的昆虫的数量减少；和最后一段“Thesecities’collectiveeffortsseemtobeworking.”这些城市的集体努力似乎奏效了可知，文章主要讲荷兰城市试图恢复蜜蜂数量。故选D项。DOverthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteronfivebasictraits(特性)—theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness(责任心),neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.Contrarytomonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.Everytraitisacontinuousdimensionandeveryonecanbedescribedashavingvaryinglevelsofeachtrait.AnewresearchhasalsofoundanimalsfromantstoapesallhavetheBigFiveandthattheuniversalityofpersonalitypointstoanevolutionary(进化)origin.Animalsandhumanshavemonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledoutbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat’swhythere’ssomuchcontinuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.Forexample,conscientiousnessinvolvesbehaviorslikeplanningandconsideration,whichareimportantamonganimalsfortakingcareoftheiryoung,selectingmatesandlivingingroups.Beingneatandorderly—aspectsofconscientiousnessalsohasevolutionarysuperiority.Beesthatliketokeepcleanandremovemoredeadgroupmembersreduceriskofdisease,gainmoreweightandreproducemoreSpidersthatmaketidywebscatchmoreinsects.Birdsthatbuildneaterandsolidernestsattractmoremates.Thesebehaviorsmayseemprimitive,butthey’reneverthelessindicationsofpersonality.Personalityistheexpressionofallofthebehaviorsthathumansandanimalsexhibitthatallowthemtofunctionadaptivelyintheworld.Evolutioncanalsoexplainwhypersonalitiesvarysomuch.Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you’dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.Becausetheworldissounpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat’sbestforeverysituation,we’releftwithawidevariety.12.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?A.Differentpersonalitytypeshaverespectivestrengths.B.Everyonefallsintoaparticularpersonalitytype.C.Peoplewithmonpersonalitytypesgather,D.Everyonehasmixedpersonalitytypes.13.What’sthepurposeofmentioningsomeanimalsinParagraph2?A.Toillustratetheadvantagesofbeingconscientious.B.Toanalyzesurvivalchancesofcooperativeanimals.C.Toexplainwhytheyaretidyandorderly.D.Tothrownewlightontheirbehavior.14.Whydowedisplayacertainpersonalityinaspecificsituation?A.Tobefreeoftrouble.B.Tobeadaptivetocircumstances.C.Topeteforequalrights.D.Togainadvantagesoverothers.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A.Personalityandbehavior.B.CategoriesofBigFive.C.Contradictoryfactsonpersonality.D.Diversityandvariabilityofpersonality.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性。研究还发现，从蚂蚁到猿类，所有动物都有大五人格，这种个性的普遍性指向了一个进化起源。每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Contrarytomonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.(与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Animalsandhumanshavemonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledoutbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat’swhythere’ssomuchcontinuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.(动物和人类都有共同的生存问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人格具有如此多的连续性)及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它们的行为进行新的解释。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you’dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.(视情况而定，大五类人格中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性)可推知，我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定的环境。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteronfivebasictraits(特性)—theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness(责任心),neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.(在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上——大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性)及最后一段中的Becausetheworldissounpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat’sbestforeverysituation,we’releftwithawidevariety.(因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的个性)可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。故选D。【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。如第1小题，Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?要求判断出人们通常怎么看待性格类型。根据第一段中的Contrarytomonbelief,peoplejustaren’torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.(与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的)可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cultureshockistheemotionalandmentalreactiontobeinginapletelynewculturalenvironment.___16___itgenerallyconsistsofseveralstagesoffeelings.The“honeymoonstage”isusually,thefirststagethatpeoplegothroughwhensurroundedbydifferentculturalvaluesandlifestyles.Duringthisstage,peoplehavepositiveimagesoftheirnewculturalsurroundings.Theytendtoviewtheseinanidealisticwayandignoreproblems.___17___Thisstageisusuallyquiteshortandquicklyreplacedbythesecondstagecalled“thefrustrationstage”.Duringthe“frustrationstage”,newersbegintoactnegatively.___18___Visitorstendtoexaggerate(夸大)problemsinthenewculture.Theymayfeelisolated(孤立)duringthisstage.Dependingonone’ssituation,thisstagecanlastdays,months,orevenyears.Withthefrustrationstageending,theadjustmentstagebegins.Thismarksthetimewhennewerstrytheirbesttoacceptthedifferencesofthenewcultureandthechallengesofeverydaylife.___19___Somenewersenterthe“masterystage”andarepletelyaccustomedtothevaluesandbeliefsofthenewculture.Theyareabletohandlethenewculturelikeanativewhilekeepingsomeoftheirownoriginalculturalvalues.Somechoosethe“rejectionstage”anddecideagainstfittinginwiththenewculture.___20____Othernewerspletelyadopttheidentityofthenewcultureandgiveupthevaluesandbeliefsoftheirhomeculture.A.Meetingnewpeopleisseenasfascinating.B.Thenewculturalsurroundingsarenolongernovel.C.Theyregaintheirsenseofbalanceandbeeconfident.D.Thisprocessopensthedoortothreepossibleoutes.E.Formanypeoplethisisoftenaverydifficultexperience.F.Apersonexperiencingcultureshockmaydisplaymanysymptoms.G.Theyusuallypermanentlywithdrawfromtheculturethroughisolationorreturninghome.【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.C20.G【解析】【16题详解】本文开篇提到了“文化休克”这一现象。E选项Formanypeoplethisisoftenaverydifficultexperience.“对于很多人来说这是一个很困难的经历”，切题。句中this代指Cultureshock。故E选项正确。【17题详解】本段主要是关于“文化休克”中的蜜月期。在这个阶段人们对于周围的新事物反应会很积极，肯定。故A项Meetingnewpeopleisseenasfascinating.“遇见新的面孔是令人着迷的。”切题。【18题详解】文章第三段主要是关于“文化休克”中的“挫折期”。在这一阶段，新人们会变的消极。B选项Thenewculturalsurroundingsarenolongernovel.“新的文化环境不再新颖”切题。【19题详解】本段主要是关于“文化休克”中的“精通阶段”。后句Somenewersenterthe“masterystage”andarepletelyaccustomedtothevaluesandbeliefsofthenewculture.提到新来者会完全习惯于新文化的价值观和信念。故C选项Theyregaintheirsenseofbalanceandbeeconfident.“他们会重获平衡并建立自信”切题。【20题详解】前句Somechoosethe“rejectionstage”anddecideagainstfittinginwiththenewculture.提到有些人选择“排斥期”，在这个阶段他们会反对融入新的文化。故G选项Theyusuallypermanentlywithdrawfromtheculturethroughisolationorreturninghome.“他们会永远通过自我孤立和返回原籍来逃避新的文化”切题。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分25分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。13yearoldMadisonwasstudyingathomewhenhermotherburstin.Shesaidaboyhadfallenintoaseptictank(化粪池)andmadeanurgent___21___forMadison’shelp.Theyrantoaneighbor’syard,wheretheanxiousadultssurroundedtheseptictankopening___22___widerthanabasketball.Theboy,agedonly2,hadslippedinandwasdrowning.Madisonquickly___23___thesituation.Shewastheonlyonewhocould___24___throughthesmallopening.Withouthesitation,shegotclosetotheopeningandsaid,“___25___mein.”Somepeopleheldherwaistand___26___.Shewiggled(扭动)armsandshouldersuntilshe___27___theopening.Inside,thetankwasdarkandtheairsmelly.Whenshestuckherarmsintothedirtywater,shejammedherleftwristagainstahiddenstick,___28___itseverely.___29___tendtoherinjury,Madisonscannedthesurfaceofthedirtywater,hopingtofeeltheunderwaterboy.Suddenlyshesawhislittletoesstickout.Whenspottingthevague____30____ofhisfootagain,Madisonshotouther____31____hand,graspedthefoottightlyandshouted,“Pullmeup!”Astheynearlyreachedthesurface,theboy’sotherfootgotstuck.Shewiggledhisfootuntilitwas____32____.Eventuallytheywereliftedout.____33____,thekidwasn’toutoftrouble.Havingsufferedfromlackof____34____thatlong,hewasn’tbreathing.Hewasthengivenhardhitsonthebackuntilhecoughedupwater.Atthesightofthis,Madisonsighedwithrelief.Madisonreceivedmonthsoftreatmentforherwrist,whichmadeher____35____actionsmoreimpressive.21.A.appointment B.attempt C.choice D.request22.A.partly B.previously C.slightly D.dramatically23.A.tackled B.examined C.disturbed D.lost24.A.look B.jump C.fill D.fit25.A.Throw B.Lower C.Force D.Push26.A.legs B.arms C.head D.hands27.A.adjustedto B.gotthrough C.toredown D.heldonto28.A.touching B.trapping C.injuring D.striking29.A.Inaneffortto B.Ratherthan C.Likelyto D.Readyto30.A.skin B.gesture C.picture D.outline31.A.left B.single C.good D.clumsy32.A.frozen B.free C.flexible D.bare33.A.However B.Instead C.Therefore D.Personally34.A.protection B.oxygen C.gravity D.energy35.A.unselfish B.thoughtless C.unconscious D.random【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.D25.B26.A27.B28.C29.B30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了女孩麦迪逊不顾自身安危，英勇进入化粪池营救小男孩的感人事迹。21题详解】考查名词词词义辨析。句意：她说一个男孩掉进了化粪池，并紧急请求麦迪逊的帮助。A.appointment预约；B.attempt尝试；C.choice选择；D.request请求。根据“Shesaidaboyhadfallenintoaseptictank”可知，麦迪逊的母亲说一个小男孩掉进化粪池，因此，她来请求（request）麦迪逊帮忙。makeanurgentrequestforhelp向某人紧急求助。故选D项。【22题详解】考查副词词词义辨析。句意：他们跑到邻居家的院子里，焦急的成年人围着比篮球稍宽的一点的化粪池开口处。A.partly部分地；B.previously之前地；C.slightly稍稍地；D.dramatically显著地。根据“Theboy,agedonly2,hadslippedinandwasdrowning.”可知，掉进化粪池的男孩才2岁，可推知，化粪池的开口不大，比篮球直径稍稍（slightly）宽一点。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦迪逊很快检查了情况。A.tackled解决；B.examined检查；C.disturbed干扰；D.lost失去。根据“Shewastheonlyonewhocould___4___throughthesmallopening.”可知，麦迪逊检查了（examined）周围都是成年人以及化粪池洞口的这几个情况，只有他身体比较小，能够穿进洞口。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词词义辨析。句意：她是唯一一个能穿过这个小洞的人。A.look看；B.jump跳；C.fill填；D.fit适合，容纳。根据上文“wheretheanxiousadultssurroundedtheseptictankopening___2___widerthanabasketball.”可知，当麦迪逊到达的时候，围在化粪池洞口的都是成年人，只有她是孩子，能够适合（fit）穿过那个洞口。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地走近洞口说：“你们使我下降一点。”A.Throw把；B.Lower使……下降；C.Force力；D.Push推。根据下文“Somepeopleheldherwaistand___6___.”可知，麦迪逊要求别人帮忙把她下降（Lower）到化粪池，她想下去营救男孩。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人抱着她的腰和腿。A.legs腿；B.arms胳膊；C.head头；D.hands手。根据下文“Shewiggledarmsandshouldersuntilshe___7___theopening.”可知，她扭动她的胳膊和肩膀指导穿过洞口，可推知，她的腰和腿（legs）被别人抱住了。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她扭动着胳膊和肩膀，直到她穿过洞口。A.adjustedto适应；B.gotthrough穿过；C.toredown拆除；D.heldonto坚持。根据上一段“Shewastheonlyonewhocould___4___throughthesmallopening.”可知，只有她能够穿过洞口，因此，该句指她穿过（gotthrough）洞口。故选B项。【28题详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：当她把胳膊伸进脏水里时，左手手腕卡在一根隐藏的棍子上，手腕受伤很严重。A.touching触摸；B.trapping捕获；C.injuring弄伤；D.striking引人注目。根据“___9___tendtoherinjury”可知，隐藏的棍子（ahiddenstick）把她的手腕弄伤(injuring)，她顾不上自己的伤势。故选C项。【29题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：麦迪逊没有顾她的伤，而是扫描了污水的表面，希望能感觉到水下男孩。A.Inaneffortto为了；B.Ratherthan而不是；C.Likelyto可能；D.Readyto准备。根据“Madisonscannedthesurfaceofthedirtywater,hopingtofeeltheunderwaterboy.”可知，麦迪逊首先顾及到的是小男孩的生命安危，而不是（Ratherthan）自己的伤势。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当麦迪逊再次看到他的脚的模糊的轮廓时，她伸出那只好手，紧紧地抓住他的脚，喊道：“把我拉上来！”A.skin皮肤；B.gesture手势；C.picture图片；D.outline轮廓。根据“Madisonscannedthesurfaceofthedirtywater,hopingtofeeltheunderwaterboy.”可知，男孩已经沉到脏水里，麦迪逊只能靠着自己的感觉去搜寻男孩，因此，该句指的是小男孩的脚在污水表面的轮廓（outline）。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当麦迪逊再次看到他的脚模糊的轮廓时，她伸出那只好手，紧紧地抓住他的脚，喊道：“把我拉上来！”A.left左得知；B.single单的；C.good好的；D.clumsy笨拙的。根据第四段中“Whenshestuckherarmsintothedirtywater,shejammedherleftwristagainstahiddenstick”可知，麦迪逊的一个手腕严重受伤了，因此，她用好的（good）那只手去抓住男孩。故选C项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她扭动着他的脚直到它自由了。A.frozen冷冻；B.free自由的，摆脱的；C.flexible灵活的；D.bare裸的。根据“Astheynearlyreachedthesurface,theboy’sotherfootgotstuck.”可知，小男孩快被救出来的时候，他的另一只脚被卡住了，因此麦迪逊努力帮助男孩把他的脚摆脱出来。“摆脱出来”即是“自由的（free）”。故选B项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，孩子并没有脱离危险。A.However然而；B.Instead相反地；C.Therefore因此；D.Personally个人地。根据“thekidwasn’toutoftrouble.”可知，虽然男孩被救上来了，然而并没有脱离危险。句意与上文发生了转折，结合该空前的逗号，应该填副词However，表示转折关系。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于缺氧太久，他已经没有呼吸了。A.protection保护；B.oxygen氧气；C.gravity重力；D.energy能源。根据“Madisonscannedthesurfaceofthedirtywater,hopingtofeeltheunderwaterboy.”可知，小男孩当时已经沉到污水中，麦迪逊需要靠知觉去感受男孩的位置。因此，被救上来时，已经缺氧（oxygen）。故选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：麦迪逊的手腕接受了数月的治疗，这使她无私的行为更加令人印象深刻。A.unselfish无私的；B.thoughtless粗心的；C.unconscious无意识的；D.random随机的。通读全文可知，此句指麦迪逊奋不顾身营救男孩的行为是无私的（unselfish）。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Mostofusmightonlybegintothinkaboutdinnerintheafternoon.ButJelenabeginstothinkaboutherbigmealearlyeachmorning.Aftermorningtea,JelenaandherhusbandMilanbegintheirplansfora___36___(taste)Serbiandish.Thecookingmethodtheyuse___37___(probable)esfromJelena’smotherorgrandmother.Eachrecipeuseslocalfoods___38___(find)inSerbianmarkets.Milangoestothemarkettogetthefoodtheyneedandthe69yearoldJelenamakesplansfor___39___shewillexplainthecookingprocesstoher150,000followersatthefixedtimeonYouTube.Oncesheisready,Jelenafilmshercookingshowfromasmallkitchentable.Online,Jelenaisknown___40___“GrannyJela”onherpopularYouTubechannel“Granny’sKitchen”.Jelenahasyearsofexperienceofcookingathome.Tenyearsago,shestartedanonlineforum,___41___shesharedrecipesandcooking___42___(tip)formeat,soup,bread,sweettreatsandmore.Hernumberoffollowersgrewastime___43___(go)by.Thenshedecidedtostartablogandbeganmakingvideoswithhermobilephone.Today,hervideosonYouTubehaveover50millionviews.“Granny’sKitchen”___44___(name)oneoftheTop50YouTubechannelsinSerbiain2018.GrannyJelajustmadeitwithcontinuedefforts.Soallweneedislove,thewillanddesiretodosomething.Anythingcanbedoneonlyifwereallywanttodoitanddevote____45____(we)toit.【答案】36.tasty37.probably38.found39.how40.as41.where42.tips43.went44.wasnamed45.ourselves【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jelena成功将她的厨艺做到网上广为流行，成为2018年塞尔维亚YouTube（视频网站）前50名频道之一。【36题详解】考查形容词功用。句意：早茶过后，Jelena和她的丈夫Milan开始了他们美味的塞尔维亚菜肴的计划。taste“品尝；味道”为动词或名词，用来修饰名词时，需要用形容词。tasty“美味的”为形容词，句中修饰名词Serbiandish，作定语。故填tasty。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：他们使用烹饪方法可能来自于Jelena的母亲或祖母。副词在句中修饰动词、形容词或整句等，分析句子可知，句子主语为Thecookingmethodtheyuse，谓语为es…，副词probably在主语和谓语之间做状语，修饰谓语动词。故填probably。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词过去分词。句意：每种食谱都使用在塞尔维亚市场找到的当地食物。分析句子可知，空格处应为非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语和所修饰的内容有被动和完成的关系。find“发现；找到”为动词，和做修饰的foods（食物）之间为被动关系，需要用过去分词，find过去分词为found。故填found。【39题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：Milan去市场购买他们需要的食物，69岁的Jelena计划如何在YouTube上的固定时间向她的15万粉丝解释烹饪。分析句子可知，空格应该是引导宾语从句的连接词，根据