翻译硕士英语2018(211)【试题+答案】江西师范

2018年江西师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Vocabulary(1×1,10points)Directions:Foreachunderlinedwordorphrase,choosethebestalternativeA,B,CorD.undereach.1.TheArtNouveaustylewasamajorforceinthedecorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsinfluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid-1920’s.Itwaseventuallytobe

overtaken

byanewschoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathadbeenpresentsincetheturnofthecentury.A.surpassedB.inclinedC.expressedD.applied【答案】A【解析】句意：自1895年至1915年，新艺术派是装饰艺术的主要力量，直至二十世纪二十年代中期其影响也仍在持续。新艺术派最终让一种称为实用主义的新式思想替代了，这一思想直至世纪之交仍存在。overtaken此处意为“超过，替代”，与surpass同义。incline倾向，倾斜。express表达。apply应用，运用。因此，本题正确答案为A。2.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbehavelikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlyacoupleofinchesperday.However,at

intervals

of10to100years,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100timesfasterthanusual.A.recordsB.speedsC.distancesD.periods【答案】D【解析】句意：涌浪冰川在大多数时候和一般的冰川一样，一天平均只前进几英尺。但每相隔十年到百年不等，这些冰川便会以比平时快百倍的速度向前奔涌。interval表示时间上的间隔。period指一段时期。两者意义相近。record记录，记载。speed速度。distance距离。因此，本题正确答案为D。3.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaciermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbetweeniceandrock,thus

freeing

theglacier,whichrapidlyslidersdownhill.Surgeglaciersalsomightbeinfluencedbytheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthquakes.A.pushingB.releasingC.strengtheningD.draining【答案】B【解析】句意：冰川下方的水压持续上升得以让冰川克服冰与石块之间的摩擦力并离开河床这样一来就释放了冰川，它们迅速向下方奔流。涌浪冰川还有可能受气候，火山热量以及地震影响。free此处指释放，与release意思相近。push推动。strengthen加强，巩固。drain排水。因此，本题正确答案为B。4.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouthernSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicewould

plunge

intotheocean,causingsealevelstoriseevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreiceandsetinmotionaviciouscycle.A.dropB.extendC.meltD.drift【答案】A【解析】句意：一支冰川会在之后汇入南海。随着海平面的持续上升，更多的冰块会陷入海洋，导致海平面进一步上升。这反过来会释放更多的冰块，造成一种恶性循环。plunge此处为“陷入；汇入”之意，与drop（落入，投入）意思相近。extend延伸。melt融化。drift流动。因此，本题正确答案为A。5.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone.”Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthe

collective

well-beingofasocialgroup’smembers.A.necessaryB.typicalC.groupD.particular【答案】C【解析】句意：小组成员们指望着有能力的领导们去完成工作。在另一方面，有表现力的领导能力体现在看重社会组织成员们的共同幸福。由后面的groupmembers可知此处指集体。group表示“集体，团体”。因此，本题正确答案为C。6.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtryto

resolve

issuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.A.avoidrepeatingB.talkaboutC.avoidthinkingaboutD.findasolutionfor【答案】D【解析】句意：他们会在别人遇到困难或是受罚时给予同情，能在紧张时刻迅速用幽默来缓和气氛，努力解决那些有可能使团队分崩离析的问题。resolve此处指解决问题，与findasolutionfor同义。avoidrepeating避免重复某事。talkabout谈论。avoidthinkingabout避免去想某事。其余三个选项均与题意不符。因此，本题正确答案为D。7.Thousandsoftonswereextractedbefore1875,whenitwasfirst

noticed

thatthetarcontainedfossilremains.Majorexcavationswereundertakenthatestablishedthesignificanceofthisremarkablesite.A.predictedB.announcedC.correctedD.observed【答案】D【解析】句意：人们首次注意到焦油中包含了化石遗留物之后，直至1875前已经提取了成千上万吨焦油。大型挖掘工程的开展确立了此处遗址的重要地位。notice意为“注意到”，与observe意思相近。predict预测。announce宣告。correct改正。因此，本题正确答案为D。8.Sincethen,over100tonsoffossils,1.5millionfromvertebrates,2.5millionfrominvertebrates,havebeenrecovered,oftenindenselyconcentrated

tangled

masses.A.buriedbeneathB.twistedtogetherC.quicklyformedD.easilydated【答案】B【解析】句意：自那之后发现了上百吨化石，其中150万来自于脊椎动物，250万来自于无脊椎动物。这些化石经常发现于集中混合在一起的土堆中。tangled此处表示纠缠混合在一起的，与twistedtogether同义。burybeneath深埋于。quicklyform迅速形成。easilydate很容易鉴定出年代。其余选项均没有“混合，纠缠”之意。因此，本题正确答案为B。9.TheasphaltatLaBreaseepstothesurface,especiallyinthesummer,andformsshallowpuddlesthatwouldoftenhavebeen

concealed

byleavesanddust.A.highlightedB.coveredC.transformedD.contaminated【答案】B【解析】句意：位于拉布雷亚的沥青特别容易在夏天渗出表面，形成浅浅的水坑，经常让落叶和尘土掩埋住。conceal此处意为“隐藏，遮住”，与cover同义。highlight突出，强调。transform改变。contaminate污染。因此，本题正确答案为B。10.Theoceanbottom—aregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandareaoftheEarthisavastfrontierthateventodayislargelyunexploredanduncharted,untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep-oceanfloorwascompletely

inaccessible,hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,600metersdeep.A.unrecognizableB.unreachableC.unusableD.unsafe【答案】B【解析】句意：海洋底部大约是地球陆地面积的3.5倍大，迄今为止是一片尚未开发的未知地域。直到一个世纪之前，海洋底部还是完全无法接近的，深藏在平均3600米深的海水之下。inaccessible意为“无法到达的，无法接近的”，与unreachable意思相同。unrecognizable难以辨认的。unusable不能用的。unsafe不安全的。因此，本题正确答案为B。Ⅱ.Cloze(1×1,20points)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Organizedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourses.Usuallyitisleftto(11)______todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate’sresume,(12)______nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalizetheachievementsofstudentswho(13)______timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPLUSaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly(14)______jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside(15)______qualifications.“Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunch,butwefoundthattheydidn’t(16)______appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid(17)______thelecturehall,”saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity.“Employersaremuchmore(18)______thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor(19)______andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant’sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare(20)______tothejob.”Studentswhosign(21)______—fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor(22)______work,attendfourworkshopsonemploy-abilityskills,takepartinanintensiveskills-relatedactivity(23)______,crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.(24)______effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho(25)______bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingPlusAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe(26)______organized.“We’renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,”saysGoodman.“(27)______,onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso(28)______negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives.”Goodmanhopesthe(29)______willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active(30)______totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.11.A.advisorsB.specialistsC.criticsD.employers12.A.whichB.butC.unlessD.since13.A.divideB.devoteC.deliverD.donate14.A.harmoniousB.competitiveC.resourcefulD.prosperous15.A.artisticB.technicalC.academicD.interactive16.A.dominantlyB.earnestlyC.necessarilyD.gracefully17.A.outsideB.alongC.overD.through18.A.generousB.considerateC.enlighteningD.demanding19.A.originB.initialC.popularityD.potential20.A.relevantB.responsiveC.reluctantD.respective21.A.outB.offC.awayD.up22.A.casualB.electiveC.domesticD.voluntary23.A.orB.thusC.soD.and24.A.OccasionalB.ExceptionalC.InformativeD.Relative25.A.performB.conveyC.circulateD.formulate26.A.roughlyB.randomlyC.formallyD.fortunately27.A.ForinstanceB.InessenceC.IncontrastD.Ofcourse28.A.demonstratedB.determinedC.operatedD.involved29.A.deviceB.sectionC.schemeD.distraction30.A.attendantsB.agentsC.membersD.peers【答案与解析】11.D

根据题意，老板们会从大量毕业生简历中的课外活动一栏来推断求职者的潜能并以此做决定。从后文中的resume（简历）一词可推断此处指老板在审查简历。advisor顾问。specialist专家。critic批评家。employer雇主。故选D。12.B

由上一句话中的usually，以及后面出现的now可知此句应填入的逻辑关系词应表示对比或转折，故选B。13.B

根据题意，此奖正式认可了那些花时间在课外活动上的学生们的成就。本题考查devote的固定搭配，devotetimetosth/doingsth花时间去做某事。divide分开。deliver交付。donate捐赠。故选B。14.B

根据上下文可知此项目希望在激烈的就业市场中鼓励同学们。competitivejobmarket为固定搭配，意为“激烈的就业市场”。故选B。15.C

根据上下文，本句大意是此项目希望在日渐激烈的就业环境下鼓励同学们在取得学术证书的同时获取工作及生活技能。此空与“workandlifeskill”对比，应选academic学术的。artistic艺术的。technical技术的。interactive相互影响的。故选C。16.C

根据题意，此处指我们的学生是很活跃的一群人，但他们却不一定能欣赏得来课外活动的价值。necessarily与前面的否定词连用，表示不一定的含义。故选C。17.A

根据上下文可知文章一直在强调课外活动的价值，此处表示“课外的”。outsidethelecturehall课堂之外的。故选A。18.D

根据前文可知就业市场日益激烈，推断此处应指雇主们比以前要求得更严格了。demanding要求高的。generous慷慨的。considerate体贴的。enlightening有启发作用的。故选D。19.D

根据题意，雇主们曾经寻找申请者们的潜力，将挖掘他们技能的价值看作自己工作的一部分。potential在一段中便出现过，此处再次呼应，指潜能，潜力。origin起源。initial最初的。popularity流行。故选D。20.A

此处作者想表达的是雇主们现在希望学生们能够自己解释为什么那些技能与工作是相关的。relevant相关的。responsive响应的，回应的。reluctant勉强的。respective各自的，分别的。故选A。21.D

此处考查sign动词的固定搭配。signupfor报名参加，注册。本句大意是报名评选此荣誉的同学们需要有50小时的工作经验。故选D。22.D

根据上下文，此处指前文“workexperience”的近义词，voluntarywork志愿工作。casual偶然的。elective可选择的。domestic家庭的。其余三项均无法代指工作经验，故选D。23.D

由题可推断此处应填入表示递进的逻辑关系词。本句大意为除去拥有上述工作经验外，更重要的是让学生们写一篇总结来整理他们所获得的这些技能。故选D。24.B

根据句意，此处指卓越的成就将会获得突出贡献奖。occasional偶尔的。exceptional卓越的。informative提供信息的。relative相关的。故选B。25.A

此处指在运动领域表现得最好的学生可以领取突出运动奖。perform表现。convey传达。circulate循环，流通。formulate构想出，规划。故选A。26.C

由后文“easilyidentifiableskills”可知只要这些技能是很容易识别出来的就可以。因此这些工作经历可以是没有经过正式组织的。roughly粗糙地；大体上。randomly随机地。fortunately幸运地。故选C。27.A

根据上下文可知此处古特曼是举了一个例子。比如学生们在与房东斡旋时表现了谈判技能。故选A。28.A

本句大意是学生们在与房东谈判时表现出了谈判技能。demonstrate展示，证明。determine决定。operate运行。involve包括。故选A。29.C

古特曼希望此项计划能够让那些活跃的学生们弥补自己在工作经验上的不足。根据前文可知本文是在探讨一项认可学生在工作经验上的成就的计划。scheme策划。device设备。section部分。distraction注意力分散。故选C。30.D

根据题意可知古特曼希望那些积极的同学们可以鼓励那些不太积极的伙伴们去参与课外活动。无论积极与否，同学们之间的地位是平等的。peer同等的人，同伴。attendant服务人员。agent代理人。member成员。故选D。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension(1×2,30points)Directions:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritetheanswerontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Perhapsthemostobviouswayartisticcreationreflectshowpeopleliveisbymirroringtheenvironment-thematerialsandtechnologiesavailabletoaculture.Stone,wood,treebark,clay,andsandaregenerallyavailablematerials.Inaddition,dependingonthelocality,otherresourcesmaybeaccessible:shells,horns,gold,copper,andsilver.Thedifferentusestowhichsocietiesputthesematerialsareofinteresttoanthropologistswhomayask,forexample,whypeoplechoosetouseclayandnotcopperwhenbothitemsareavailable.Althoughtherearenoconclusiveanswersyet,thewayinwhichasocietyviewsitsenvironmentissometimesapparentinitschoiceanduseofartisticmaterials.Theuseofcertainmetals,forexample,maybereservedforceremonialobjectsofspecialimportance.Orthebeliefinthe

supernaturalpowersofastoneortree

maycauseasculptortobesensitivetothatmaterial.Whatisparticularlymeaningfultoanthropologististherealizationthatalthoughthematerialsavailabletoasocietymaytosomeextentlimitorinfluencewhat

it

candoartistically,thematerialsbynomeansdeterminewhatisdone.WhydotheartistsinJapanesesocietyrakesandintopatterns;andtheartistsinRomansocietymeltsandtoformglass?Moreover,evenwhenthesamematerialisusedinthesamewaybymembersofdifferentsocieties,theformorstyleoftheworkvariesenormouslyfromculturetoculture.Asocietymaysimplychoosetorepresentobjectsorphenomenathatareimportanttoitspopulation.AnexaminationoftheartoftheMiddleAgestellsussomethingaboutthemedievalpreoccupationwiththeologicaldoctrine.Inadditiontorevealingtheprimaryconcernsofasociety,thecontentofthatsociety’sartmayalsoreflecttheculture’ssocialstratification.31.Accordingtothepassage,gold,copper,andsilverare_____.A.moredifficulttohandlethanwoodandB.oftheirstablesocialconditionsC.oftheuniquestylisticfeaturesoftheirartD.availableonlyinspecificlocations32.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“supernaturalpowersofastoneortree”inparagraph1?A.toshowthatsomesculptorsavoidworkingwithspecificmaterialsB.toemphasizetheunusualpropertiesofcertainmaterialsC.asanexampleofhowartcanbeinfluencedbyculturalbeliefsD.asanillustrationoftheimpactoftheenvironmentonreligiousbeliefs33.Theword“it”inparagraph2refersto_____.A.realizationB.societyC.extentD.influence34.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthormentionstheJapaneseandRomansocietiesbecause_____.A.theyinfluencedeachotherstoneB.commonlyusedbyartistsinallsocietiesC.essentialtocreateceremonialobjectsD.theyusedthesameartisticmaterialinverydifferentways35.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsaboutsandaretrueEXCEPT_____.A.Itisusedtocreateglass.B.Romanartistsmixitintotheirpaints.C.Itsusevariesfromculturetoculture.D.Japaneseartistsuseittocreateartisticpatterns.【答案与解析】31.D

由题干中gold，copper，silver定位到第一段第三句。此句大意是由于位置原因，贝壳、角、金、铜、银等物质只在特定地方能找到。选项D的意为“只在特定位置可以得到”是原文的同义替换。故选D。32.C

由上下文可知作者举石头和树的例子是为了证明社会对于环境的看法可以反映在对于艺术材料的选择中。选项C“证明艺术是如何受文化信仰影响”与原文意思相近；选项A“表现出了一些雕刻家刻意回避使用某种材料”；选项B“强调某种材料的特殊特性”；选项D“举例说明环境对于宗教信仰的影响”。选项ABD均在文中没有体现，故选C。33.B

根据题意，此处指在某一社会中可以得到的那些材料尽管有可能会限制社会的艺术行为。此处应填入一个表示某一主体的名词。故选B。34.D

上文提到材料无法决定艺术家们要创作什么样的物品。作者举了日本以及罗马沙子用于创作所制成的不同物品来例证这一观点。这两个国家尽管用的原材料是一样的，但是日本的艺术家将沙子耙成不同图案，罗马的艺术家却用沙子来制玻璃。故选D。35.B

本题可采用排除法。由第二段可知，日本的艺术家用沙子来耙成不同艺术图案，罗马的艺术家融化沙子来制玻璃。因此在不同文化中沙子的用途不尽相同。选项ACD均符合原文。故选B。PassageTwoQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Potash(theoldnameforpotassiumcarbonate)isoneofthetwoalkalis(theotherbeingsoda,sodiumcarbonate)thatwereusedfromremoteantiquityinthemakingofglass,andfromtheearlyMiddleAgesinthemakingofsoap:theformerbeingtheproductofheatingamixtureofalkaliandsand,thelatteraproductofalkaliandvegetableoil.TheirimportanceinthecommunitiesofcolonialNorthAmericaneedhardlybestressed.Potashandsodaarenotinterchangeableforallpurposes,butforglass-orsoap-makingeitherwoulddo.SodawasobtainedlargelyfromtheashesofcertainMediterraneanseaplants,potashfromthoseofinlandvegetation.HencepotashwasmorefamiliartotheearlyEuropeansettlersoftheNorthAmericancontinent.ThesettlementatJamestowninVirginiawasinmanywaysamicrocosmoftheeconomyofcolonialNorthAmerica,andpotashwasoneofitsfirstconcerns.Itwasrequiredfortheglassworks,thefirstfactoryintheBritishcolonies,andwasproducedinsufficientquantitytopermittheinclusionofpotashinthefirstcargoshippedoutofJamestown.ThesecondshiptoarriveinthesettlementfromEnglandincludedamongitspassengersexpertsinpotashmaking.Themethodofmakingpotashwassimpleenough.Logswaspiledupandburnedintheopen,andtheashescollected.Theasheswereplacedinabarrelwithholesinthebottom,andwaterwaspouredoverthem.Thesolutiondrainingfromthebarrelwasboileddowninironkettles.Theresultingmasswasfurtherheatedtofusethemassintowhatwascalledpotash.InNorthAmericapotashmakingquicklybecameanadjuncttotheclearingoflandforagriculture,foritwasestimatedthatasmuchashalfthecostofclearinglandcouldberecoveredbythesaleofpotash.SomepotashwasexportedfromMaineandNewHampshireintheseventeenthcentury,butthemarketturnedouttobemainlydomestic,consistingmostlyofshipmentsfromthenortherntothesoutherncolonies.FordespitethebeginningofthetradeatJamestownandsuchencouragementsasaseriesofacts“toencouragethemakingofpotash,”beginningin1707inSouthCarolina,thesoftwoodsintheSouthprovedtobepoorsourcesofthesubstance.36.Whataspectofpotashdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Howitwasmade.B.Itsvalueasaproductforexport.C.Howitdiffersfromotheralkalis.D.ItsimportanceincolonialNorthAmerica.37.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueofbothpotashandsodaEXPECT_____.A.TheyarealkalisBTheyaremadefromseaplantsC.TheyareusedinmakingsoapD.Theyareusedinmakingglass38.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpotashwasmorecommonthansodaincolonialNorthAmericabecause_____.A.thematerialsneededformakingsodawerenotreadilyavailableB.makingpotashrequiredlesstimethanmakingsodaC.potashwasbetterthansodaformakingglassandsoapD.thecolonialglassworksfoundsodamoredifficulttouse39.Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingwereneededformakingpotashEXCEPT_____.A.woodB.fireC.sandD.water40.Accordingtothepassage,amajorbenefitofmakingpotashwasthat_____.A.itcouldbeexportedtoEuropeinexchangeforothergoodsB.ithelpedfinancethecreationoffarmsC.itcouldbemadewithavarietyofmaterialsD.stimulatedthedevelopmentofnewwaysofglassmaking【答案与解析】36.D

本题考查对于主旨大意的理解。在第一段末尾作者提出很少有人强调碳酸钾对于北美殖民地的重要性。第二段解释碳酸钾为什么对于北美洲的欧洲定居者来说很熟悉。后面三段分别介绍了碳酸钾在北美洲的不同用途以及制法。因此本文主要探讨碳酸钾对于北美殖民地的重要性。37.B

由全文第一句话“Potashisoneofthetwoalkalis…theotherbeingsoda”可知碳酸钾和碳酸钠同属于碱类。这句话后半部分提到碳酸钾即可用于制造玻璃也可用于制造肥皂。选项ACD的表述均符合原文。38.A

文章第二段第二句提到“碳酸钠可由地中海海洋植物的灰烬中提取，而碳酸钾则是从内陆植物中提取。因此碳酸钾对于北美殖民地中的欧洲定居者来说很熟悉”，因此选项A的表述符合原文。39.C

根据文章第四段第二、三句“Logswaspiledupandburnedintheopen…andwaterwaspouredoverthem”可知碳酸钾的制造过程中需要用到木头，火以及水。故选C。40.B

根据第五段第一句可知：在北美生产碳酸钾能够迅速帮助农业清理田地，清理田地的一半成本来自于生产碳酸钾的利润。PassagethreeQuestions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theyear1850maybeconsideredthebeginningofanewepochinAmericaart,withrespecttothedevelopmentofwatercolorpainting.InDecemberofthatyear,agroupofthirtyartistsgatheredinthestudioofJohnFalconerinNewYorkCityanddraftedbothaconstitutionandbylaws,establishingTheSocietyforthePromotionofPaintinginWaterColor.InadditiontosecuringanexhibitionspaceintheLibrarySocietybuildinginlowerManhattan,thesocietyfoundedasmallschoolfortheinstructionofwatercolorpainting.Periodicexhibitionsofthemembers’paintingsalsoincludedworksbynotedEnglishartistsoftheday,borrowedfromembryonicprivatecollectionsinthecity.Thesociety’sactivitiesalsoincludedorganizedsketchingexcursionsalongtheHudsonRiver.Itsmajorpublicexposurecamein1853,whenthesocietypresentedworksbyitsmembersinthe“IndustryofAllNations”sectionoftheCrystalPalaceExpositioninNewYork.Thesocietydidnotprosper,however,andbythetimeofitsannualmeetingin1854membershiphadfallentotwenty-one.ThegroupgaveupitsquartersintheLibrarySocietybuildingandreturnedtoFalconer’sstudio,whereitbrokeupamiddissension.NofurtherattempttoformallyorganizethegrowingnumbersofwatercolorpaintersinNewYorkCitywasmadeformorethanadecade.Duringthatdecade,though,HenryWarren’sPaintinginWaterColorwaspublishedinNewYorkCityin1856—thebookwasaconsiderableimprovementovertheonlyothermanualofinstructionexistingatthetime,ElementsofGraphicArt,byArchibaldRoberson,publishedin1802andbythe1850fslongoutofprint.In1866theNationalAcademyofDesignwashosttoanexhibitionofwatercolorpaintinginitselaborateneo-VenetianGothicbuildingonTwenty-ThirdStreetinNewYorkCity.TheexhibitwassponsoredbyanindependentgroupcalledTheArtistsFundSociety.Withinafewmonthsofthisevent,forty-twoprominentartistslivinginandnearNewYorkCityfoundedTheAmericanSocietyofPaintersinWaterColors.41.Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A.themostinfluentialwatercolorpaintersinthemid-1800’sB.effortstoorganizewatercolorpaintersinNewYorkCityduringthemid-1800’sC.afamousexhibitionofwatercolorpaintingsinNewYorkCityinthemid-1800’sD.stylesofwatercolorpaintinginNewYorkCityduringthemid-1800’s42.Theyear1850wassignificantinthehistoryofwatercolorpaintingmainlybecause_____.A.agroupofartistsestablishedawatercolorpaintingsocietyB.watercolorpaintingwasfirstintroducedtoNewYorkCityC.JohnFalconerestablishedhisstudioforwatercolorpaintersD.Thefirstbookonwatercolorpaintingwaspublished43.AllofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheSocietyforthepromotionofPaintinginWatercolorEXCEPT_____A.thesocietyexhibitedpaintingsinlowerManhattan.B.instructioninwatercolorpaintingwasofferedbymembersofthesocietyC.thesocietyexhibitedonlythepaintingsofitsmembers.D.scenesoftheHudsonRiverappearedoftenintheworkofsocietymembers.44.WhichofthefollowingistrueofwatercolorpaintersinNewYorkCityinthelate1850’s?A.Theyincreasedinnumberdespitealackofformalorganization.B.Theywereunabletoexhibittheirpaintingsbecauseofthelackofexhibitionspace.C.TheArtistsFundSocietyhelpedthemtoformTheAmericanSocietyofPaintersinWaterColors.D.Theyformedanewsocietybecausetheywerenotallowedtojoingroupsrunbyotherkindofartists.45.Theyear1866wassignificantforwatercolorpaintingforwhichofthefollowingreasons?A.ElementsofGraphicArtwererepublished.B.Privatecollectionsofwatercolorswerefirstpubliclyexhibited.C.Theneo-VenetianGothicbuildingonTwenty-ThirdStreetinNewYorkCitywasbuilt.D.TheNationalAcademyofDesignheldanexhibitionofwatercolorpaintings.【答案与解析】41.B

文章第一段开头便提到了水彩画协会。第二段提出水彩画协会发展得并不顺利。第三段讲美国水彩绘画协会成立的由来。由此可知，本文主要探讨的是为了将19世纪中期的水彩画家们组织起来所做的努力。42.A

文章第一段开头提到“1850年象征着美国水彩绘画艺术进入了一个新纪元，那年十二月30多位水彩绘画家共同聚集在纽约的一座画室成立了水彩绘画发展协会”，所以答案选A。43.C

根据文章第一段中间部分可知，水彩绘画协会在曼哈顿下城举办展览，还成立了水彩绘画指导协会，时常去哈德逊河远足。选项ABD均在文中有所体现。故选C。44.A

根据文章倒数后两段可知：协会最初成立时有30多位成员，而在美国水彩绘画协会最终成立时有42名成员。因此尽管没有正式的组织，协会的成员数量仍在增长。45.D

由全文最后一段第一句话可知：1866年美国国家设计学院在纽约二十三号街举办了水彩展。故选D。Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish(20points)一个家庭的毁灭，就如一只瓷碗，只是不经意地一摔，便碎了。许多家庭的毁灭，往往就是缘于这种貌似潇洒貌似现代的轻率和冲动。家是一只瓷碗，拥有这只碗的人便有了生存的“凭据”。这碗里虽然只是粗茶淡饭，但也足以营养人之一生，因而这只瓷碗就值得人们好生爱惜。瓷碗易碎，毁之极易，成之艰难，即使我们有回天之术，可以将破碎的瓷碗重新粘合，但那一定是一件呕心沥血，异常艰难的苦差事，并且粘合之后，那曾经破碎的痕迹也许就是永远不能消弭的疤痕。【参考译文】Thehomewenttopieces,justlikeaporcelainbowl;anaccidentalslipwouldbreakit.Howmanycouples’wedlockisthusbroughttoanabruptend!Itoftenresultsfromsuchindiscretionandimpulsivenessthatareregardedbytoday’syoungpeopleasmodernandstylish.Homeisnomorethanaporcelainbowl,whichgivesitownerssomethingtofallbackon.Simplefoodthoughthebowlcontains,itisadequatetonourishonethroughoutone’slife.Thisporcelainbowl,therefore,needscherishing.Itissovulnerablethatoncebrokenitcanhardlybepiecedtogetherbypainstakingefforts,thegluedcrackswillstillbethereasaneverlastingreminderoftheunpleasantpast.Ⅴ.Writing(20points)Directions:Youaretowriteacompositionabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic:TechnologyandCulture.Inthefirstpartofyourwritingy