咸阳市兴平市2023年考研《英语一》深度预测试卷含解析

咸阳市兴平市2023年考研《英语一》深度预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Onesummer,AuntBettaandUncleBillinvitedmetotravelwiththembackhometoPennsylvania.Ihadneverbeen1LosAngelesandwaseagertomeetourrelatives.Ourfirstnight,wedrovethroughthedesert,andthenthroughroadscutthroughhills.ThenextdaywewentthroughtheRockyMountains.Itwas2drivinguplonginclines(斜坡)withabruptU-shapeturnsonthesteephillsides,thendriving3slowlywithgreatcaution.BeyondColorado,wedrovethroughmilesof4,whereIsawactualfoodbeinggrown.I5someofthecrops.Inonesmalltownwepassedthrough,AuntBettadecidedIneedednew6andtookmetoacountry7.Iwasusedto8dressesandskirts.NowIhadmyfirstpairofjeans,aflannelshirt,shortsandaT-shirt.Ilovedthemall.9wereachedourdestination.UncleBill’saunthadaperfectlittletwo-storyhouse.ThefirstthingI10wasabedinacutelittleroom—forme!Ilookedforwardtothat.Itwouldbelikesleepinginadollhouse.Inthebackyard,Isawredthings11thebackfence.UncleBill’sunclesaid,“Ithinkyouneveratea12tomatoinL.A．.”Ihadn’t.He13pickedoneforme.Imetallmynewaunts,unclesandcousins.Mycousinstaughtmehowtodocartwheels(侧手翻)inthebigfrontyard.Countrypeoplehavemore14,Ithought.Alltheadultscriedwhenwe15,butItookhomeallthe16ofeverythingI’dseen.BackinL.A．,mylungshurtwhenItookadeepbreath.I17thefreshair.Idreamedofhomegrowntomatoes.Mycountryclothesseemedoutof18,butIworethemanyway.Iwastwoweekslatestarting19,butItoldmyteachersonlythatI’dbeeninPennsylvaniaanddecidedto20alltheresttomyself.IfonlytheycouldhaveexperiencedeverythingthatIdid!1、A．outsideB．acrossC．inD．to2、A．boringB．embarrassingC．frighteningD．confusing3、A．awayB．pastC．outD．down4、A．buildingsB．fieldsC．hillsD．rock5、A．recognizedB．foundC．plantedD．harvested6、A．clothesB．cropsC．toysD．tools7、A．hotelB．pubC．pathD．store8、A．preparingB．sewingC．buyinD．wearing9、A．AtlastB．AboveallC．ForthemomentD．Onthecontrary10、A．tookB．searchedC．noticedD．owned11、A．flyingoverB．growingupC．circlingaboveD．packinginto12、A．redB．ripeC．homegrownD．man-made13、A．accidentallyB．graduallyC．instantlyD．temporarily14、A．ideasB．materialsC．interestD．space15、A．droveB．talkedC．partedD．met16、A．copiesB．memoriesC．picturesD．pleasures17、A．breathedB．missedC．forgotD．preferred18、A．shapeB．sightC．workD．place19、A．vacationB．journeyC．schoolD．work20、A．keepB．oweC．describeD．giveSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Spidermonkeyshavelong,thinarmswithhook-likehandsthatallowthemtoswingthroughthetrees.Theydonothaveopposablethumbs(对生拇指).Thebrown-headedspidermonkeyhasaprehensile(缠绕性的)tail,whichmeansitcangraspandcanbeusedlikeafifthlegtograbtrees.Duringtheday,thespidermonkeysearchesforfruits,whichmakeupthemainpartofitsdiet.Theywillalsoeatflowers,seeds，leaves,andsmallinsectsduringthedryseasonwhenfruitsaren’tavailable.Theyspendmostofthedaylighthoursclimbingandswingingthroughthehighbranchesoftrees.Thebrown-headedspidermonkeylivesinalargecommunityofabout20to100maleandfemalemonkeys.Theysplitintosmallergroupsforfeeding.Femalesusuallygivebirthtoonlyasinglebabyeachyearortwo.Youngmonkeysarecarriedontheirmothers’stomachsuntilabout16weeksold.Thentheyarestrongenoughtorideontheirmothers,backs.Allbrown-headedspidermonkeybabiesarebornwithpinkfacesandears.Spidermonkeyshugeachotherandwraptheirtailsaroundeachother.Theyareveryintelligentandhavestrongmemories.Theywerenamedspidermonkeysbecausetheylooklikespidersastheyhangupsidedownfromtheirtailswiththeirarmsandlegsswinging.Theirgenus(属)nameisAteles,whichmeans“imperfect”.Thisreferstothefactthattheydon’thavethumbs.Huntingthebrown-headedspidermonkeyisnowbarredinEcuador,acountryinnorthwesternSouthAmerica,buthumanshavekilledthemfortheirmeatforhundredsofyears.1、Spidermonkeyslivemostlyon.A．insectsB．fruitsC．flowersD．leaves2、Whatcanwelearnaboutspidermonkeys?A．Theyhavefivelegs.B．Theyliveinsmallgroups.C．Theirtailscantaketheirweight.D．Theirgenusisthesameasspiders.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barred”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Permitted.B．Forbidden.C．Encouraged.D．Ignored.4、Wheredonewly-bornspidermonkeysstay?A．Inalargecommunity.B．Intreeswithhighbranches.C．Ontheirmothers’backs.D．Ontheirmothers’stomachs.Text2Competitionoccursnaturallybetweenlivingbeingswhichco-existinthesameenvironment.Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity(繁荣).Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirselfworthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthemplayingwellandwinningareoftenlifeanddeathaffairs.Intheirsinglemindedpursuit(追求)ofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:”Imayhavelost,butitdoesn’tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethem-selves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sselfrespectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(缓解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.1、Whichisthemainpointofthispassage?A．Competitionisaninterestingexperienceinone’slife.B．Competitionishelpfultosetupself-respect.C．Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D．Differentopinionsaboutcompetitionamongpeople.2、Whydosomepeoplevaluecompetitionhighly?A．Theythinkitmakesnationsbecomerich.B．Theythinkithelpstoimprovepeople’sabilities.C．Theythinkithasthedutytopushsocietyforward.D．Theythinkitmakesnationsmorecompetitive.3、Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”inParagraph3?A．Thosewhostronglyblamecompetition.B．Thosewhovaluecompetitionhighly.C．Thosewhowantsuccessverymuch.D．Thosewhofailmanytimes.4、Whatcanweknowaboutcompetition?A．Itcandetermineone’sachievement.B．Itswinningshouldbecomealife-and-deathmatter.C．Itshouldbeencouragedinallcountriesintheworld.D．Itariseswhenagoalcannotbeshared.Text3Ifsomepartsofabodyareverysickordamaged,thendoctorsmightneedtoremovethem.Anotherwaydoctorscanhelpistogrownewtissuetoreplacewhatissickordamaged.Thisiscalledregenerativemedicine(再生医学).Regenerativemedicinesoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmoviebutitisnotanewidea.Insideourbones,wehavesomethingcalled‘marrow’,whichmakesourbloodandkeepsushealthy.Doctorshavebeengivingsickpeoplethebonemarrowfromotherhealthypeopleforthelast30or40years,andthisisakindofregenerativemedicine.Newerdevelopmentsinregenerativemedicineincludegrowingnewskininalaboratoryandusingittohelppeoplewhohavebeenhurtinfiresoraccidents.Anotherexampleofregenerativemedicineisatechniquedevelopedfromstudyingfrogsandmice.Whencellsareold,likeinadults,theycan’tchangewhattheydoinourbodies.Forexample,askincellcan’tchangeintoaneyecell.Butwhencellsareveryyoung,theycanbecomeanycelltype.Theseyoungcellsarecalledstemcells,anddoctorscanusethemtogrowanytypeoftissue,suchasskin,heartoreye.JohnGurdonandShinyaYamanakawonthe2012NobelPrizefortheirstudiesinthisarea.ProfessorFionaWatt,fromtheCentreofRegenerativeMedicineatKing’sCollege,London,believesthatregenerativemedicineissoexcitingbecausemanydifferentkindsofexpertsneedtoworktogether.3Dprintersmaybeusedtoprintnewbonesbyexperts,whoneedtoworkcloselywithuniversityscientistsandthesurgeonswhodotheoperationsinhospitals.Wecannotyetgrownewarmsorlegsforpeople,butthesciencefictiondreamofregenerativemedicinemaybecloserthanwethink.Perhapsinthefuture,doctorswillbeabletogrowwholenewbodiesforus.1、What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtohelpverysickordamagedpeople.B．Regenerativemedicineandsciencefiction.C．Wecangrowournewbodiesinthefuture.D．Regenerativemedicineanditsdevelopment.2、Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothispassage?A．Marrowcanhelpgrownewbones.B．Stemcellcanbeusedtogrowanytypeoftissue.C．Surgeonsnowuse3Dprinterstoprintnewbones.D．Regenerativemedicineisanewscienceinmedicine.3、What’sthewriter’sattitudetothedevelopmentinregenerativemedicine?A．Pessimistic.B．Optimistic.C．Doubtful.D．Indifferent.Text4Newresearchinmonkeysmayprovideaclueabouthowthebrainmanagesvastamountsofinformationandrememberswhatitneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenmonkeysweretaughttoremembercomputerclipartpictures,theirbrainsreducedthelevelofdetailbysortingthepicturesintocategoriesforrecall,suchasimagesthatcontained"people,""buildings,""flowers,"and"animals."Thecategorizingcellswerefoundinthehippocampus,anareaofthebrainthatprocessessensoryinformationintomemory.Intheexperimenteachmonkeywasshownoneclipartpicture,andafteradelayofoneto30seconds,pickedtheoriginaloutoftwotosixdifferentimagestogetajuicereward.Byrecordingcellactivityduringhundredsofthesetrialsinwhichthepictureswerealldifferent,theresearchersnoticedthatcertaincellsweremoreactivewhenthepicturescontainedsimilarfeatures,suchasimagesofpeople–butnototherobjects.Theyfoundthatdifferentcellscodedimagesthatfitdifferentcategories.Thecategorycellsgroupedimagesbasedoncommonfeatures–astrategytoimprovememory.Forexample,thesamecellrespondedtobothtulipsanddaisiesbecausetheyarebothflowers."“Whilesuchcategorizationisahighlyefficientmemoryprocess,itmayalsohaveadownside,”saidDeadwylerPh.D．,“whenthetrialsincludedmorethanonepicturewithpeopleinit,insteadofdifferentimages,themonkeysoftenconfusedtheimagewithapictureofotherpeople."Solearningmoreabouthowthebrainrememberscouldhavefar-reachingbenefits."Ifwecanunderstandinadvancehowthebrainworkswhendecisionsaremade,wecanpredictwhenthebrainwillmakeamistake,andcorrectit,"saidTimPons,Ph.D．,"Thisfindingabouthowlargeamountsofinformationareprocessedbythebrainwillhelpustoultimatelyachievethatgoal."1、Thepurposeoftheexperimentsonmonkeysistofindout_________.A．howthebrainprocessesamountsofinformationintomemoryB．theareaofthebrainthatprocessessensoryinformationintomemoryC．howthemonkeysrespondtodifferentthingsD．whatisthemonkeysmostlikelytoremember2、Theresearchindicatesnumerousinformationcanberememberedmoreeasilyby________.A．rememberingthedetailsB．separatingitintocategoriesC．showingalotofpicturesD．rememberingallfeatures3、Accordingtotheresearch,whichofthefollowingimagesmayconfusethemonkeys?A．Books,toysandcarsB．Plants,animalsandpeopleC．Tulips,daisiesandrosesD．People,buildingsandflowers4、Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．FurtherstudyonhowthebrainremembershasmorebenefitsB．CategorizationisthebestwaytoimprovememoryC．WecanpredictwhenthebrainwillmakeamistakeD．HowthebrainremembershasbeenfoundoutPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Ifyoutravelorgoabroad,it'snecessarytomixwiththelocalsThisallowsyou1．(put)yourlanguageskillstothetestandfindoutmoreaboutthelocalculture2．(live)abroadforalongtime,I'veputtogether3．listoftipstohelpyoumakefriendsinaforeigncountryFirstly,sayyestoeverything(withinreason)Obviously,ifyoudon'tfeel4．ease,youcanchoosenottodosomethingHowever,don'tputofftryingsomethingnewThegroupofstudentsfromyourclasswhoinviteyououtforacoffeemightendup5．(be)yourfriendsforlife!Secondly,findahobbyortrysomething6．(entire)newJoinadanceclass,awalkingclub,orlearntocookthelocalfood—thepossibilitiesareendless!Thirdly,getoutofthehouse!Hours7．(spend)infrontofacomputerwithfamilyandfriendsbackhomesurelymakeyouevenmorehomesickMakethemostofthenewandexcitingplaceyouliveinLastly,don'tbeawallflowerWhensurroundedbypeoplespeakinganunfamiliarlanguage,youmayfeelitdifficulttobe8．(confidence)andinvolve9．(you)inconversationsEvensotrytomakeyourvoiceheardIt'sverylikely10．youwillfindeveryonewantstoknoweverythingaboutyou假定你叫李华，你在国外某城市旅游期间发现有些旅游景点存在一些问题。请你针对这些问题，给当地旅游管理部门的负责人写一封建议信。内容包括：1．你发现的问题；2．你的建议。注意：3．词数150左右；4．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)WhenIthinkofmeditation（冥想）,mymindautomaticallypicturessomeonesittingbythebeach,cross-leggedandhumming.“Boring,”Iusedtosay,dismissingtheancientartanditspromisesofinnerpeace.1、OrperhapsIshouldsayIdon’tbelieveinmyabilitytofindpeaceofmindbysittingquietly.I’drathersleep,tobehonest.Still,afriendpersuadedmetogivemeditationashot.Unwillingbutcurious,Itriedasessionofferedbyameditationapp,rightinthemiddleofmyworkday.2、Forstarters,theappdidn’taskmetositcross-legged－that’sonethingtobethankfulfor.ItonlyaskedmetositinmychairinwhateverpositionIfoundmostcomfortable.3、Youarewithyourbodyeverysecondofeveryday,butyourarelyfeelit.4、Thewoman’scomfortingvoicewasdirectingmyattentiontoeachpartofmybody.Itwaslikeallofmysensesweresuddenlyactivatedandstrengthened.WhenIopenedmyeyesafterthe10-minutesession,Iwouldn’tgosofarastosaythattheworldseemedbrandnew,butmybodyfeltmoreawake,likeithadbeeninhibernation（冬眠）alllong.5、A．Imeanreally“feel”it.B．Thencamethemagicpart.C．Still,Ihadnointerestatall.D．Idon’thavefaithinmeditation.E.Surprisingly,Isawthedifference.F.Ican’twaittochangemyattitudetomeditation.G.1didfind“peace”before1wentbacktomyregularworkingmindset.Weallneedfriendsinourlife.Whatisimportantisthathowlongfriendshiplasts.Sometimes,itmaybeafewmonths,afewyearsorsometimesforever.1、Friendsarethepeoplewhoarealwaystherereadytolendahelpinghandtoyou.Letusfindoutthe"bestqualities"infriends.Sharingiscaring!Youcanshareeverythingwitheachother.Littlekidssharetheircrayons,toys.2、Notonlyopinions,goodfriendssharethingstoo!Likeclothes,notes,coffee,youandyourbestfriendshouldn'thavesecondthoughtsaboutsharingthesethingswitheachother.Becauseafterall,sharingiscaring.TrustandLoyalty（忠诚）.Friendshipisaveryspecialrelationshipbasedontrustandloyalty.Youshouldbeabletoshareyourdeepestsecretwithyourbestfriend.Ifyoudon'tfeelthatyourfriendisloyaltoyou,whatisthewholepointofbeingfriendswiththatperson?3、PersonalAdviser.Abestfriendshouldbeafriendwhoguidesyoutotherightpath,andknowswhatisgoodandwhatisbadforyou.4、Afterall,formostofthepeople,friendsarethefirstoneswhomtheyturntoforadvice.Listener.Forallthosesaddayswhenwearefeelinglow,abestfriendis