2020年7月大学英语六级考试真题试卷

2020年7月大学英语六级考试真题试卷PartI(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthesayingThebestpreparationfortomorrowisdoingyourbestshouldwriteatleast150butnothan200PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:thissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and.ThenmarktheletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinetheQuestions14basedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.Sheisagreatathlete.B)SheisaC)Sheisafamousscientist.Sheisanoted2.Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasevolving.Hownutritionhelpsathletes'performanceincompetitions.C)Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights.3.Ourphysicalstructures.Ourscientificknowledge.C)Ourbiochemicalprocess.Ourconceptofnutrition.4.mayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.B)mayleadtoathletes'overrelianceonequipment.mayunfairadvantagetosomeathletes.maychangethenatureofsportscompetitions.Questions58basedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.Experience.C)Familybackground.Businessconnections.6.Buyingdirectlyfromfactories.ShippinginbulkbyC)Havingpartnersinmanypartsoftheworld.Usingthesamecontainerandforth.7.Factories.C)Investors.Retailers.8.style.Uniquedesign.C)Lowerimportduties.Lowershippingcosts.SectionBthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofpassage,youwillhearorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),andThenmarktheletteronAnswer1withasinglelinetheQuestions9basedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.helpsemployeestotheirstress.preventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.C)strengthensharmonyamongemployees.helpsemployeestoviewthings10.conducivetoreducingstress.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.C)Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.Humorhelpworkersexcelroutinetasks.Smashthetoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.thebossdollapartlongtheyreassembleit.C)Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.Strikethebossdolltheylike.Questions1215basedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.Therecentfindingofachangedgeneinobesemice.Abreakthroughinunderstandinggenemodification.C)Anewlydiscoveredforpeopletoloseweight.Theself-repairingabilityofageneinobesemice.13.rendersunabletodiseases.preventsthemice'sfattytissuesfromgrowing.C)helpsadapttoenvironmentalchanges.rendersmiceunabletosensewhentostopeating.14.Humanhavemoreobesitygenesthanmostmicedo.Halfofaperson'stotalweightvariationbecontrolled.C)Peoplebornwithatendencytohaveacertainweight.Thefunctionoftheobesitygenesistobeexplored.15.Theworseningofnaturalenvironment.Theabundantprovisionofrichfoods.C)Theacceleratedofpresent-daylife.TheadverseimpactofthefoodSectionCDirections:thissection,youwillhearofortalksfollowedbyorfourquestions.Thewillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andThenmarktheletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinetheQuestions1618basedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.Similarityininterests.Mentalstimulation.C)Openness.Compassion.17.Thewillingnesstotimelyhelp.Thejoyfoundineachother"sC)Personalbonds.Emotionalfactors.18.Failuretoapromise.offrankness.C)Feelingsofbetrayal.Lossofcontact.Questions1921basedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.Alongthelow-lyingColoradotheDinosaurNationalMonument.C)AlongtheborderoftheS.andCanada.museumsofnaturalhistoryincities.20.explosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeofdinosaursinthearea.C)Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.Thewholeregionmusthavestruckbyadevastatingflood.21.TheyfloateddowneastwardflowingTheylayburiedinthesandformillionsofyears.C)TheyskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingtheTheyremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.Questions2225basedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort.Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.C)FailingtoforparentsinthetraditionalLeavingtheirparentsontheofstarvation.23.A)Theyhavelivingbythemselves.Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.C)Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirolddays.Theyhaveasenseofindependenceand24.Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies.Therehaveextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld.C)Manyelderlypeopleunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren.SomanyAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents.25.youngergenerationsalone.beingaburdentotheirchildren.C)Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities.thingsfromtheirchildren"sperspective.PartⅢSectionAReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:thissection,isapassagewithtenblanks.toselectoneforblankalistofchoicesgiveninabankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaPleasemarktheletterforitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethemaynotuseanyoftheinthebankthanonce.Questions2635basedonthefollowingpassage.TheUnitedNationsissuedareportlastwarningthathumansdestroyingnaturesucharatethatlifeonEarthisrisk.Whenthereportcameout,itnaturally26headlines.obviouslyithijackthenewsagendainthemannerofamajorterroristattackor27ofThereportfromtheIntergovernmentalScience-PolicyPlatformonBiodiversityandEcosystemServices(IPBES)ison28andwhatneedstochange.IPBESchairRobert“29evidence”presents“ominous(凶兆的)picture”.“Thehealthofecosystemsonwhichandallotherspeciesdependis30morerapidlythan”Robertsaid.31thefoundationsofoureconomies,live-lihoods,foodsecurity,healthandqualityoflifeworldwide.Thereportit"snottoolateifmake"transformativechange”一fundamental,system-widereorganization—everylevelfromlocaltoglobal,andtofocusonhowtomakethathappen.First,indulgeindespair,becausedespairleadstoinertiaanddoingnothingmeanscertain32.Everyactiontosavenaturewillimproveourcollectiveandpersonalfuturesandtheonlytorespondtoathreatofthisscaleiswith33actionrootedinheadstrongoptimism-Second,relentlessfocus,justlikewhenparamedics(救护人员)arriveonasceneandusetheconceptoftriage(伤员鉴别分类)"toensurethemost34gettreatedfirst.Savingthenaturalworldneedsthatkindofthinking.don'thavethe35todoeverythingonce.tomakechoices.A)capacityB)declarationC)deterioratingD)determinedE)disasterF)erodinggrabbedH)inventoryI)junctionJ)monotonousoverwhelmingstagnationM)stakestifledSectionBDirections:thissection,yougoingtoapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphthanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingtheletteronAnswerSheet2.UnderstandFarAboutOtherMindsThanLongBelieved[Untiladecadesago,scholarsbelievedthatchildrenknowlittle,ifanything,aboutwhatothersthinking.Swisspsychologist,whoiscreditedwithfoundingthescientificstudyofchildren"sthinking,convincedthatpreschoolchildrencannotconsiderwhatgoesoninthemindsofothers.Theinterviewsandexperimentsheconductedwithkidsinthemiddleofthe20thcenturysuggestedthattheytrappedintheirsubjectiveviewpoints,incapableofimaginingwhatothersthink,orbelieve.Muchofthesubsequentresearchonearlychildhoodthinkinghighlyinfluencedbyideas.Scholarssoughttorefinehistheoryandempiricallyconfirmhisviews.itbecameincreasinglythatseemedtohavegravelyunderestimatedtheintellectualpowersofkidsbeforetheymakethemselvesunderstoodbyspeech.Researchersbegantodevisemoreingeniousoffiguringoutwhatgoesoninthemindsofbabies,andtheresultingpictureoftheirabilitiesshowssubtlevariations.Consequently,theoldviewofegocentric(自我中心的)natureandintellectualweaknesseshasincreasinglyfallenoutoffavorandbecomereplacedbyamoregenerouspositionthatabuddingsensenotonlyofthephysicalworldbutalsoofotherminds’intheyoungestyoung.”[Historically,childrendidn'treceivemuchfortheirmentalpowers-Piagetnotonlybelievedthatchildren“egocentric”inthesensethattheyunabletodifferentiatebetweentheirownviewpointandthatofothers;healsoconvincedthattheirthinkingcharacterizedbysystematicerrorsandconfusions.Whenplayingwithothers,theydon'tcooperatebecausetheydonotrealizethererolesandperspectives.convincedthatchildrenliterallycannotgettheirtogether":insteadofplayingcooperativelyandtrulytogether,theyplaysidebyside,withlittleregardforothers.Andwhenspeakingwithothers,achildsupposedlycannotconsiderthelistener'sviewpointbut"talkstohimselfwithoutlisteningtoothers.''[PiagetandhisfollowersmaintainedthatchildrenthroughsomethinglikeaageofintellectualdevelopmentbeforeslowlyandgraduallybecomingenlightenedbyreasonandrationalitytheyreachschoolAlongsidethisenlightenmentdevelopsgrowingunderstandingofotherpersons,includingtheirattitudesandviewsoftheworld.[E],apictureofchildren'smentaldevelopmentPsychologistscontinuallyrevealnewinsightsintothedepthofchildren'sknowledgeoftheworld,includingtheirunderstandingofotherminds.Recentstudiessuggestthatinfantssensitivetoothers'perspectivesandbeliefs.Partofthemotivationtorevisesomeofconclusionsstemmedfromideologicalshiftabouttheoriginofhumanknowledgethatoccurredinthesecondhalfofthe20thbecameincreasinglyunpopulartoassumethatabasicunderstandingoftheworldbebuiltentirelyfromexperience.ThisinpromptedbytheoristNoamwhothatsomethingcomplextherulesofgrammarcannotbepickedupfromexposuretospeech,butissuppliedbyinbornlanguage"Othersfollowedsuitanddefinedfurtherareas"inwhichknowledgeallegedlycannotbepiecedtogetherfromexperiencebutmustbepossessedbirth.Onesuchareaisourknowledgeofothers'minds.Somethatabasicknowledgeofothers'mindsisnotonlypossessedbyhumaninfants,butmustbecvolutionarilyoldandhencesharedbyournearestlivingrelatives,thegreatapes.[provethatinfantsknowmoreinthisthanhadacknowledged,researchersneededtocomeupwithinnovativeofshowingit.Abigofwhynowrecognizesomuchmoreofkids"intellectualcapacitiesisthedevelopmentofmuchmoresensitiveresearchtoolsthanPiagethadhisdisposal.[Insteadofengagingbabiesindialogorhavingthemexecutecomplexmotortasks,themethodscapitalizeonbehaviorsthathaveafirmplaceininfants'naturalbehaviorrepertoire:looking,listening,sucking,makingfacialexpressions,gesturesandsimplemanualactions.Theideaoffocusingonthese“smallbehaviors”isthattheykidsthetodemonstratetheirknowledgeimplicitlyandspontaneouslywithouthavingtorespondtoquestionsorinstructions.example,childrenmightlooklongereventthattheydidnotexpecttohappen,ortheymightshowexpressionsindicatingthattheyhavesympatheticconcernforothers.Whenresearchersmeasuretheselessdemanding,andofteninvoluntary,behaviors,theydetectasensitivitytoothers'mentalstatesamuchyoungeragethanwiththemoretaxingmethodsthatPiagetandhisfollowersdeployed.[the1980s,thesekindsofimplicitmeasuresbecamecustomaryindevelopmentalittookawhilelongerbeforethesetoolsemployedtomeasurechildren'sgraspofthementallivesofothers.[J]asetofexperiments,mycolleaguestheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandIfoundevidencethatbabiesanticipatehowotherswillwhentheirexpectationsdisappointed.outseveralpuppet(木偶)showsinfrontoftwo-year-oldchildren.thesepuppetshows,aprotagonist(CookieMonster)lefthispreciousbelongings(cookies)onstageandlaterreturnedtothem.Whattheprotagonistdidnotknowthatantagonisthadcomeandmessedwithhispossessions.Thechildrenhadwitnessedtheseactsandattentivelywatchedtheprotagonistreturn.recordedchildren'sfacialandbodilyexpressions.Childrenbittheirlips,wrinkledtheirnoseorwiggled(扭动)intheirchairwhentheprotagonistcameback,iftheyanticipatedthebewildermentanddisappointmentheabouttoexperience.Importantly,childrenshowednosuchreactionsandremainedcalmwhentheprotagonisthadtheeventshimselfandthusknewwhattoexpect.Ourstudyrevealsthatbythetenderageoftwo,kidsnotonlywhatothersbelieveorexpect;theyforeseehowotherswillfeelwhentheydiscover[Studieslikethisrevealthatthereismuchmoregoingoninsmallkids'andinfants'mindsthanpreviouslybelieved.theexplicitmeasuresusedbyPiagetandsuccessors,thesedeeperlayersofkids'understandingcannotbeaccessed.Thenewinvestigativetoolsdemonstratethatkidsknowmorethantheywhenscratchbeneaththesurface,findunderstandingofrelationsandperspectivesthatPiagetprobablydidnotdreamof.[Despitetheseobviousadvancesinthestudyofchildren'sthinking,itwouldbeagravemistaketodismissthecarefulandsystematicanalysescompiledbyPiagetandothersbeforethenewtestsdominatedthescenebecausetheoriginalmethodsrevealedessentialfactsabouthowchildrenthinkthatthenewmethodscannot[M]There'snoconsensusinsciencecommunityabouthowmuchinferfromalook,afacialexpressionorahandgesture.Thesebehaviorsclearlyindicateacuriosityaboutwhatgoesoninthemindofothers,andprobablyasetofearlyintuitionscoupledwithawillingnesstomore.Theypavethetoricherandmoreexplicitformsofunderstandingofthemindsofothers.theyinnoreplacethechild'sgrowingabilitytoarticulateandrefineherunderstandingofhowpeoplebehaveand36.Piagetbelievedthatsmallchildrencouldnotcollaboratewithotherswhileplaying.37.Theauthorandhiscolleagues’studyshowstwo-year-oldmaybeabletopredictotherpeople'sfeelings.38.thelatterhalfofthelastcentury,fewerandfewerpeoplebelievedthebasisforourunderstandingoftheworldiswhollyempirical.39.ResearchconductedbyPiagetinthelastcenturysuggestedbabiesinsensitivetoothers"thinking.0.Ourimprovedunderstandingofbabies'intellectualpowerisattributabletobetterresearchtools.441.hasfoundinrecentresearchthatsmallbabiessensitivetootherpeople'spointsof42.Scientistsstilldebatingwhatinferencebefromcertainphysicalexpressionsofachild.3.Theresearchmethodsfocusoninfants'simplebehaviorsinsteadofrequiringthemtoanswerquestions.4.theprogressinpsychology,thetraditionalviewofself-centerednatureandlimitedthinkingabilitieshasbecomelessandlessinfluential5.Eventhoughmarkedadvanceshavemade?itiswrongtodismiss444Piaget'sfundamentalcontributionstothestudyofkids'cognitiveabilities.SectionCDirections:2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForofthemfourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarktheletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethePassageOneQuestions4650basedonthefollowingpassage.Peopleoftendiscussthedangersoftoomuchstress,butlatelyaviewofstressisgainingpopularity:thisviewofstress,heldbymembersofthepositivestressmovement,thatstressmightactuallybebeneficialThepositivestressmovementismadeupofpeoplesuchZacharyRappwholookingforedgeinacompetitiveworld,andRapp'sroutineisaexampleoffollowersofthemovement.upmostmorningsdawn,goesforarun,sipsblackwhilerippingthroughemails,andthenstepsintoafreezingcoldThisisaroutinedesignedtoreducethestressofrunningsimultaneouslythreehealthandbiotechnologycompaniesfor18hoursaAlthoughRapp'spracticesmaysoundextreme,heispartofagrowingmovement,consistingoftechindustryworkerswhoclaimthatsuchradicaltacticswillhelpthemlivebetterandInspiredbyinfluentialfiguresinfields,includingentertainers,athletes,entrepreneursandscientists,positivestresspractitionersoutsomecombinationofextremetemperatures,restrictivediets,punishingexerciseroutinesandgeneraldiscomfort.Rappthatpositivestresskeepshimbalanced.additiontorunningandfreezingshowers,Rappusesicebaths,hotandunconventionaleatingpracticessuchcliminatingdairy,sugar,alcoholandvariousotherfoodsincarbohydrates.believesthatthesepractices?whichputstressonhisactuallymakehimlessstressfromwork.Rappdoesnotcreditanyoneinparticularforhischoices:hesaidhestartedusingthesemethodsincollege7heintothehabitoftakingicebathstorecoverfromsports.intoitwhiletryingtogethisthreecompaniestheRappworkslonghoursandsleepsonlyfivetosevenhoursanightbuthesaidheonlygetssickonceahim,thebetweenday-to-daystress,likethekindfeelwhenmovingapartments,andpositivestressisthatthelatterinvolvespushingthebodytoextremesandforcingittobuildupatolerance.OnethoughtleaderinthepositivestressworldisDutchextremeathleteHof,whoearnedthename"iceman"forhisabilitytowithstandseverecoldusingbreathingexercises.Hof'sideashavebecomepopularamongtechindustryelitesand,thankstoHof,coldshowersnowatrend;indeed,somecallitaformofitisimportanttonotethatnoteveryoneagreeswiththesepractitioners;indeed,somemedicalprofessionalsthatpositivestressisnotforeveryone,andthatitmightbedangerousforpeoplewhounhealthyor46.Whatdowelearnaboutfollowersofthepositivemovement?Theyusuallyquitesensitivetotypesofstress.Theyholdaviewonstressfromthepopularone.C)Theyderivemuchpleasurefromlivingahecticlife.Theygainacompetitiveedgebyenjoyinghealth.47.Whatdofollowersofthepositivemovementusuallydoputtheirideasintopractice?Theychangingtheirlivinghabits.Theynetworkwithinfluentialfigures.C)Theyjobsintechindustries.Theyapplyextremetactics.4458.WhatdoesZacharyRappsayabouthisunconventionalpractices?Theyhelphimcombatstressfromwork.Theyenablehimtocutdownlivingexpenses.C)Theyenablehimtorecoverfrominjuriesandillnesses,Theyhelphimgetthreecompaniesenlistedallonce.9.Whatcanbethepassageaboutday-to-dayisharmfultoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.doesnotinessencefrompositivestress.C)issomethingeverybodyhastolivewith.doesnothelpbuildupone'stolerance.0.WhatdosomemedicalprofessionalsthinkofpositiveItstrueremainstobeverified.Itssideshouldnotbeignored.C)Itsvariesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.ItspractitionersshouldnottakeitaformofPassageQuestions5155basedonthefollowingpassage.huntingorbadfortheenvironment,somanyhotbuttonissues,theanswertothisquestiondependsuponwhoask.theonehand,somesay,nothingcouldbemorenaturalthanhunting,andindeedjustabouteveryanimalspecies一includinghumans一haseitherpredatororsomepointinitsevolution.And,ironicitsounds,sincehumanshavewipedoutmanyanimalpredators,someseehuntinganaturaltotheherdsofanimalsthatnowreproducebeyondtheenvironment'scarryingtheotherhand,manyenvironmentalandanimaladvocatesseehuntingsavage,thatitismorallywrongtokillanimals,regardlessofpracticalconsiderations.AccordingtoGlennKirkoftheCalifornia-basedTheAnimals',hunting"causesimmensetoindividualwildanimals..."andis"irrationallycruelbecauseunlikenaturalpredation(捕食),hunterskillforpleasure...”addsthat,despitehunters'claimsthathuntingkeepswildlifepopulationsinbalance,hunters'licensefeesusedtomanipulateagamespeciesintooverpopulationtheexpenseofamuchnumberofnon-gamespecies,resultinginthelossofbiologicalgeneticintegrityandecologicalbalance."Beyondmoralissues,otherscontendthathuntingisnotpractical-AccordingtotheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStates,thevastmajorityofhuntedspecies——suchwaterfowl,rabbits,uplandbirdsandmourningdoves——"provideminimalnutritionanddonotrequirepopulationcontrol."AuthorE・suggestsinhisbook,Nature'sInterests,thatsometypesofhuntingmaybemorallyjustifiablewhileothersmaynotbe.Hunting“designedtosecuretheaggregatewelfareofthespecies,theintegrityofitsecosystem,orboth"—whatterms'therapeutichunting'—isdefensible,whilesubsistenceandsporthunting—bothofwhichonlybenefithumanbeings—isnot.Regardlessofone'sindividualstance,fewerAmericanshunttodaythaninrecentDatagatheredbytheS.Fish&Servicein2006showthatonlyfivepercentofAmericans一some12.5millionindividuals一considerthemselveshunterstoday,downfromninepercentin2001and15percentin1996.Publicsupportforhunting,however,isontherise.A2007surveybyResponsiveManagementfoundthateightypercentofrespondentsagreedthat“huntinghasalegitimateplaceinmodemsociety,"andthepercentageofAmericansindicatingdisapprovalofhuntingdeclinedfrom22percentin1995to16percentin007.Perhapsmatchingthetrendamongthepublic,leadersincreasingly2advocatingcooperationbetweenhuntersandenvironmentalgroups:Afterall,bothdeploreurbansprawlandhabitatdestruction.51.WhatdoestheauthorsaysoundsSomepredatorsmayoftenturnouttobeofotherpredators.Huntingmayalsobeasolutiontotheproblemcausedbyhunting.C)Thespeciesofanimalscontinuetodespitehumans'hunting-Thenumberofanimalskeepsrisingdespiteenvironmentalchange.552.WhatdoesGlennthinkofcharginghunters'licensefees?keepsgamepopulationundercontrol.turnshuntingintoasportoftherich.C)leadstoecologicalimbalance.helpsstopkillingforpleasure.3.WhatistheargumentoftheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStatesagainsthunting?Overpopulationisnotissueformosthunte