病原微生物学资料：第二次网络考试题目和答案

PAGE471CASE:A45-year-oldmanpresentedwitha3-weekhistoryoffever,malaise(不舒服),andcough.Theillnessbeganwithlow-gradefever,headache,sorethroat,andnon-productivecough.Hehadsymptomatictreatmentwithover-the-counter(在药品柜台买的)medicinesanddidnottakeanyantibiotics.Hisconditionworsened,withexpectorationofnon-bloodstainedsputum(痰液),shortnessofbreath,andsorenessofchest.Therewasnohistoryofexposuretobirdsoranynewenvironment.

Chestauscultation(听诊)detectedscatteredralesandexpiratory(呼气的)wheezes（喘息）.ChestX-rayshowedbilateral(双侧的)diffuseinfiltratesandconsolidation(固化)ofrightlowerlobe(肺叶).Gram-stainofsputumshowedpresenceofleukocytes(白细胞)andnormalflora.Routinecultureforbacterialpathogensgrewonlynormalflora.Themicrobiologylaboratorywasnotequippedforisolationoffastidious(营养要求较高，不易生长的)organisms,whichrequiredspecialmedia,andforperformingspecificserological(血清学)testsforsuchpathogens.Consideringthepresumptiveclinicaldiagnosisofatypicalpneumonia,asupportivenon-specificserologicaltestwasdonetodetectcross-reactingantibodiestohumanerythrocytes(红细胞).Testresultshowedsignificanttiteroftheantibodies(1/128).

Ofthefollowing,whichoneismostlikelytobethecausativeagentintheabovepatient?AChlamydiapneumoniaeBLegionellapneumoniae（肺炎军团菌）CMycoplasmapneumoniaeDChlamydiapsittaci答案：C474A27-year-oldmalestartstocomplainofburningpainwithurination(小便).Thereisalsosomeurethral(尿道的)discharge.Heseeshisfamilyphysicianbecauseofhiscomplaints.Severallaboratorytestsaredone,includingagramstainandcultureonasampleofthedischarge.Theresultsarenegativeandgonorrhea(淋病)isruledout.Heisdiagnosedwithnongonococcal(非淋病)urethritis（尿道炎）.Whichofthefollowingisamycoplasma(支原体)thatcouldcausethispatient'snongonococcalurethritis?AChlamydiapsittaciBChlamydiatrachomatisCUreaplasmaurealyticumDTrichomonasvaginalis答案：C475WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMycoplasma(支原体)?AMycoplasmaarethesmallestfree-livingsmicroorganismsknowntoexistBMycoplasmaistheonlymemberofthefamilyMycoplasmataceaeCMycoplasmapneumoniaeistheonlyspeciesofMycoplasmaknowntocausediseaseinhumansDThelargesizeoftheMycoplasmagenomemostlikelyresultsfromthenumberofgenesnecessarytocodeforthecomplexcellwallpossessedbyallMycoplasmaspecies答案：A478WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutUreaplasma(脲原体)infectionAUreaplasmaurealyticum（溶脲脲原体）isacauseofsomegenitourinarytractinfectionsBUreaplasmahaveacellwallsimilartoothergram-positivebacteriaCParadoxically,thelikelihoodofcolonizationbyUreaplasmaisinverselyrelatedtothenumberofsexualpartnersreportedbyanindividualDUnlikeUreaplasmaurealyticum,U.pneumoniaeisprimarilyassociatedwithrespiratorytractinfections答案：A480AnoutbreakofEpidemiclouse（虱子）bornetyphus(斑疹伤寒)isfavoredbycrowdedlivingconditionswithpoorhygiene(卫生)andisespeciallycommoninpartsofcentralandnortheasternAfrica.Whichofthefollowingcausativeorganisms(病原微生物)isspreadbyalouseandcausesepidemiclousebornetyphus?ACoxiellaburnetii（贝纳特氏立克次体）BRickettsiarickettsiiCRickettsiatsutsugamushiDRickettsiaprowazekii答案：D485TheWeil-Felixtestisusedfordetectionofwhichofthefollowingtypeofantibodies?AAntirickettsialBAntichlamydialCAntiarenavirus（抗沙粒病毒）DAntiretrovirus答案：A490A45-year-oldwomanbecomesveryill.Shedevelopsahighfever,severeheadache,cough,andmuscleaches.Sheisquiteupsetaboutmissingwork,assheownsherownpetstore(specializinginexoticbirds),andhasnoemployeestocoverforherinherabsence.Shetriestoworkforadaydespiteherillness,butisunableto.Thenextday,sheseesherfamilydoctor.Onphysicalexamination,sheisfoundtobefebrile.Herdoctorsuspectsaninfectionbasedonheroccupationalhistoryandherphysicalexamination.Whatistheclassificationoftheinfectiousagent?AChlamydiaBRickettsiaCMycobacteriaDSpirochete答案：A495Themodeoftransmission(传播)ofQfeverisABiteofarthropod（节肢动物）BInhalationofaerosolsCContactwithbodyfluidsDLouse（虱子）bite答案：B501Treponemapallidumssppallidum（苍白密螺旋体）:ACanbevisualizedbygramstainunderlightmicroscopeBCanbegrowninvitroonartificialmediaCIsstrictaerobeDIsassociatedwithcongenitalsyphilis答案：D505A25-year-oldmanlivinginDelawarecomestotheprimarycaredoctorwitharashonhisleftlegthatappeared1weekagoasasmallredareaandisgettingbigger.Healsoexperiencesofmusclepain,jointstiffness,andfatigue(疲劳),butheattributes(归因于)thistobeinganavidhunterandhehasbeenexercisingmorethanusualduetohuntingseason.Atphysicalexam,hehasaflatcircularlesiononhislegthatispaleinthecenterandredattheperiphery.Therestoftheexamisnormal.

Whatistheagentcausingthisinfection?ABordetellapertussis（百日咳博德特氏菌）BBorreliaBurgdorferi（伯氏疏螺旋体）CBrucella（布氏杆菌）DRickettsiarickettsii（立氏立克次体）答案：B51216gameshowcontestants(参赛者)volunteertobestranded(滞留)for39daysonaremoteislandinBorneo（婆罗洲，一半属马来西亚，一半属印尼）,inthemiddleoftheSouthChinaSea,forachancetowinonemilliondollars.Duringthethirdweekofthegame,oneofthecontestantsdevelopsfever,chills,andmuscleaches.Sheisunabletocompeteinanychallengesbecausesheistooill,hermusclesache,andpainsmarkedlylimitherphysicalcapacity.Herconditionworsensandshehasvomitinganddiarrheaaswell.Sheisexaminedbythetelevisionnetwork’sdoctor.Henoticesthatherliverisenlarged.Shehasconjunctivalsuffusion.Whatistheclassificationoftheagentwhichislikelycausingherdisease?ARickettsiaBSpirocheteCChlamydiaDMycobacteria答案：B766AnHIVpositiveyoungwomangivesbirthtoababygirl.Baby'sPCRHIVnucleicacidisfoundpositiveafterbirth.Apgarscoreafterthebirthis9andthefirstgeneralexaminationofthebabyiscompletelynormalexceptthepositiveHIVnucleicacids.Whichofthefollowingvaccinationswillbecontraindicatedforthisbabyinherimmunizationschedule?(MMR=measles（麻疹）,mumps（腮腺炎）,rubella（风疹）;HBV=HepatitisB;HiB=HaemophilusinfluenzaB;DTP=Diphtheria,tetanus;pertussis)AMMRBHBVCSalkpolio（脊髓灰质炎）vaccineDDTP答案：A814A42-year-oldIVdruguserexperiencesvaguecomplaintsconsistingoffatigue(疲劳),achesandpains,andnausea.Shehasdevelopedadistasteforhercigarettes.Shehashadafewdayswheresheappearsjaundiced,butthisspontaneouslyresolved.Shegoestothefreeclinic,andtheyrunpreliminary(初步的)bloodtests.ThestaffatthefreeclinictellsthepatientshedoesnothavehepatitisB;however,theyarewrong.Inreality,sheisinthewindowperiod.Clearanceofwhichofthefollowingmarkersmarksthestartofthewindowperiod?AHBsAGBAnti-HBcCHBcAGDHBeAg答案：A816A42-year-oldIVdruguserexperiencesvaguecomplaintsconsistingoffatigue,achesandpains,andnausea.Shehasdevelopeddistasteforhercigarettes.Shehashadafewdayswheresheappearsjaundiced,butthisspontaneouslyresolved.Shegoestothefreeclinicandtheyrunpreliminarybloodtests.ThestaffatthefreeclinictellsthepatientshedoesnothavehepatitisB;however,theyarewrong.Inreality,sheisinthewindowperiod.WhichofthefollowingwouldbetheonlyevidenceofhepatitisBinfectionduringthewindowperiod?AAnti-HBcBHBsAgCHBeAgDAnti-HBs答案：A818WhichofthefollowingvirusesconsistsofcircularDNAthatispartiallydoublestrandedandpartiallysinglestranded?AHepatitisBvirusBVaricella-zostervirusCEpstein-BarrvirusDRespiratorysyncytialvirus（呼吸道合胞体病毒）答案：A823WhichofthefollowingisaDeltaviruswhichisinfectiveonlyinthepresenceofthehepatitisBvirus?AHepatitisAvirusBHepatitisEvirusCHepatitisCvirusDHepatitisDvirus答案：D842IfinalaboratorysettinganappropriatehostcellwasinfectedwithacompositevirusmadeupofVaricella-ZostercapsidandenvelopeandHSV-1DNA,theprogeny(子代)ofthatviruswouldhavewhatfeature?AhavethehostrangeofHSV-1virus.BuseRNAdependentRNApolymeraseforreplicationinthesubsequenttargetcell.ChavearecombinantgenomeconsistingofhalfVZVandhalfHSV-1genomes.Dnotbeinfectiousfornewhoststhathaveantibodiesagainstchickenpox（水痘）.答案：A843An18-year-oldfemaleprostitutepresentstotheemergencyroomwithfever,shakingchills,andbodyacheswhichsheattributestotheflu.Herbodytemperaturewas38.9°C;pulsewas75/minute;andbloodpressurewasnormal.Thepatienthadahistoryofsexuallytransmitteddisease(STD).1yearpreviouslyshehadadocumentedcaseofaNeisseriagonorrheathatwastreatedand2clinicexaminationsprovedeliminationoftheinfection.Thepatientmentionedapainfulgenital(生殖器)region.Examinationrevealedlesionsthatwerevesicularandulcerative(溃疡性的)inappearancearoundthelabiaminora（小阴唇）andmajora（阴唇）.SpecimenswereobtainedforHIVtesting,Neisseriagonorrheaculture,viralculture,andchlamydiaculture.TheHIVtestwasnegative.Tzanckprep（Tzanck涂片）wasorderedandwasreportedaspositive.Basedontheclinicalfindings,history,andTzanckprepfinding,whatisthelikelyorganismcausingdiseaseinthispatient?AHerpessimplextype1BHerpessimplextype2CEpstein-BarrvirusDVaricella-zoster答案：B851HerpesviruscanbedetectedbytheTzancksmear(Tzanck涂片)oftheskinlesion,whichstainsforthepresenceofAMultinucleatedgiantcellsBInclusionbodiesCDeadcellsDHerpesDNA答案：A853Whichofthefollowingviralinclusionscorrespondwiththecytomegalovirus(巨细胞病毒)?AOwl（鹰）'seye-intranuclearbasophilicinclusionbodyincellsoftissuesorurinesediment.BNegribodies(intracytoplasmic)inbraintissue.CCowdryTypeAintranuclearinclusionbodyinsinglecellsorinlargesyncytia.DGuarnieribodiesinthecytoplasmofinfectedcells.答案：A854Whichoneofthefollowingvirusescausesgingivostomatitis（龈口炎）?AHerpessimplexvirus-1BHerpessimplexvirus-2CVaricellazostervirusDEpsteinBarrvirus答案：A857Whichofthefollowingviralpathogensisassociatedwithgenitaldiseases?ARespiratorysyncytialvirus,influenzavirus,parainfluenzavirusBDenguefevervirusandLassafevervirusCHumanpapillomavirusesandherpessimplexvirustype2DCoxsackievirustypeBandechoviruses答案：C860Herpessimplexvirus（简单疱疹病毒）containsASinglestrandedDNAwithnakedicosahedralnucleocapsidBLineardoublestrandedDNAwithnakedicosahedralnucleocapsidCDoublestrandedlinearDNAwithenvelopedicosahedralnucleocapsidDDoublestrandedRNAwithnakedicosahedralnucleocapsid答案：C863A23-year-old,sexuallyactivegraduatestudentdevelopspainfulsoresonhispenis.Heignoresthemforawhileandtheygoaway.Severalmonthslater,shortlybeforehisfinalexams,theyrecur(再次发生).Thistime,hegoestothestudenthealthservicesoffice.Onphysicalexaminationhehasafeverandtenderenlargedinguinal(腹股沟的)lymphnodes.Therearenumerousvesicular(有小泡的)sores（伤处）onaredtissue.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?APrimarysyphilis（原发性梅毒）BChancroid（软下疳）CHerpesgenitalis（生殖器疱疹）EGonorrhea（淋病）答案：C864Whichstatementistrueconcerningthesetwosexually-transmittedviruses:herpessimplexvirusandhepatitisBvirus?AThesevirusesallhaveagenomecontainingdouble-strandedDNA.BOftheseviruses,onlyherpessimplexvirushasagenomecontainingRNA.COftheseviruses,onlyhepatitisBvirushasagenomecontainingRNA.DThesevirusesallhaveagenomecontainingRNA.答案：A868Thislarge-envelopedds-DNAvirusisassociatedwith70%oftheinitialgenital(生殖器)infectionsbythisvirusgroup.Clinically,theseinfectionspresentwithsmallerythematous(红斑)papules（丘疹）whichprogresstoopenulcerations(溃疡).Infectionscanbecomelatent（潜伏的）andrecurrent（反复发作的）.Whichvirusisthis?AHSV-1BHSV-2CHIV-1DHIV-2答案：B880Apatienthasallthegastrointestinal(胃肠道)symptomsofinfectionwithHepatitisAvirus(HAV),yetallthetestsforHAV-IgGandHAV-IgMarenegative.Laboratorydiagnosisrevealsa(+)RNAvirus.Whatisthemostprobablecauseofthisinfection?AHepatitisEBHepatitisCCRotavirusDYellowfever答案：A882Whichofthefollowingviralpathogensisassociatedwithgastroenteritis?ARespiratorysyncytialvirus,influenzavirus,parainfluenzavirusBDenguefevervirusandLassafevervirusCHumanpapillomavirusesandherpessimplexvirustype2DRotavirusandNorwalkvirus答案：D883Whichofthefollowingviralinclusionscorrespondwiththerabiesvirus(狂犬病毒)?AOwl（鹰）'seye-intranuclearbasophilicinclusionbodyincellsoftissuesorurinesedimentBNegribodies(intracytoplasmic)inbraintissueCCowdryTypeAintranuclearinclusionbodyinsinglecellsorinlargesyncytiaDGuarnieribodiesinthecytoplasmofinfectedcells答案：B884CASE:Agroupofteensgoonanexplorationtrip.Againsttheadviceofherfriends,a15-year-oldgirlgoesoffbyherselfandentersacave.Sheseesabatthatisunabletoflyand,inanattempttoseeifitishurt,approachesit.Unfortunately,shegetsbittenbythebat.Becauseshehadbeenforewarnedaboutenteringthecave,sheistooembarrassedtotellanybodyaboutthebite.Besideswhich,thebitemarksaresmall,sosheisnotconcerned.Afewweeksafterthetrip,shebecomesveryill.Shedevelopsfever,headache,andfatigue(疲劳).Thisisfollowedbyhallucinations(幻觉),seizures(痉挛),andepisodes(好几轮的)ofagitation（激惹恼怒不安）.Inaddition,whensheswallows,shehasdramaticmusclespasms（强直）.Sheprogressestoacomaandthendies.Whatisthegeneticnatureoftheinfectiveagent?ASinglestrandedDNABSinglestrandedRNACDoublestrandedDNADDoublestrandedRNA答案：B885Prions(阮粒)areassociatedwithslowneurodegenerative(神经退行性的)diseaseinhumansandanimals.Selectthemostcorrectstatementaboutprions.APrionsarefilterable（可过滤去除的）infectiousagentsBCanelicitimmuneresponseCConsistsofRNADConsistsofproteasesensitiveprotein答案：A887Whichofthefollowingviralpathogensisassociatedwithhemorrhagic(出血性)fever?ARespiratorysyncytialvirus,influenzavirus,andparainfluenzavirusBDenguefevervirusandLassafevervirusCRotavirusandNorwalkvirusDCoxsackievirustypeBandechoviruses答案：B889WhichofthefollowingclinicalconditionsisassociatedwiththeDenguefevervirus?AHepatocellularcarcinomaBCervicalcancerCGingivostomatitis(龈口炎)DBonebreakfever答案：D894A45-year-oldHIVpositivemancomesinforaroutinephysical.Hesayshefeelswellandhasnocomplaints.Hisphysicalexamrevealsswollenlymphnodesintheneckandaxilla(腋窝).TherestofhisexamisWNL.Whatimmunityismostlikeytobedeficientwiththesesymptomsandatthisstageduringhisdiseaseprocess?AHumoralBCell-mediatedCComplementsystemDPhagocyticdysfunction答案：B895Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,orHIV,isanenvelopedhumanretrovirus(逆转录病毒)ofthelentivirusfamily.ThereisalsoasignificantnumberofHIV-infectedindividualswhoneverbecomesick,neverexperienceadeclineintheirCD4counts,andneverdevelophighplasma(血浆)loadsofviralRNA.Thereasonsthattheyneverbecomesickincludehostfactorssuchasthepresenceofmutations(突变)provideresistancetoHIV,likemutationswhere?ACXCR4BCCR5CMac-1DSDF-1答案：B898AvirologistinamicrobiologydepartmentofamedicalschoolstudiestheabilityofDNAandRNAvirusestotransformcellsinanimalsandcellcultures.WhichDNAvirusinthefollowinglistdoesnotshowtransformingabilityineitheranimalsorcellcultures?ARetroviruses（逆转录病毒）BHepatitisBvirus（乙肝病毒）CParvovirus（细小病毒）DEpstein-Barrvirus（EB病毒）答案：C899Anindividualisinfectedwiththehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV).Assumingthatonecouldfollowthecourseofinfectioninnumeroustissues,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheinteractionofthehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)withmacrophages(巨噬细胞)iscorrect?AHIVneverinfectsmacrophagesofthebrainandspinalcord.BTheinfectionofmacrophagesisunrestrictedandcontinuouslyactive.CPulmonarymacrophagesmaybeinvolved.DLangerhanscells（郎格罕细胞）arenotinvolved.答案：C900AmouseisexposedtoanaerosolofinfluenzaX31,amurinestainofinfluenza.Bloodsamplesarecollectedatvarioustimepointsfollowingtheexposuretothevirus.Thesamplesarecentrifuged(离心)topellet(沉淀)theredbloodcells.TheplasmaisanalyzedforantibodylevelsusinganELISA.Whichofthefollowingantibodyresponsesfirstemergesuponinfectionwithinfluenza?AIgGBIgMCIgADIgE答案：B901WhichofthefollowingisavirusassociatedwiththedevelopmentofKaposi'ssarcoma(卡波济肉瘤)?AHerpessimplexvirusBParainfluenza1CCoxsackievirusA16DHumanimmunodeficiencyvirus答案：D916Humanimmunodeficiencyvirusshowstropism(定向性感染性)forAThrombocyte（血小板，凝血细胞）BBlymphocyte（B淋巴细胞）CCD4+TlymphocytesDHepatocytes（肝细胞）答案：C918Whichofthefollowingisamajorcauseofseriousdiarrhea(腹泻)inyoungchildren?AHerpessimplexvirus（疱疹单纯病毒）BLassafevervirus（拉沙热病毒）CParainfluenza1（副流感的巨细胞）DHumanrotavirus（人轮状病毒）答案：D919Rotaviruses(轮状病毒)areASinglestrandedDNAwithnakedicosahedralnucleocapsid（二十面体的核心颗粒）BLineardoublestrandedDNAwithnakedicosahedralnucleocapsidCDoublestrandedcircularDNAwithnakedicosahedralnucleocapsidDDoublestrandedRNAwithnakedicosahedralnucleocapsid答案：D921CASE:Agroupofteensgoonanexplorationtrip.Againsttheadviceofherfriends,a15-year-oldgirlgoesoffbyherselfandentersacave.Sheseesabatthatisunabletoflyand,inanattempttoseeifitishurt,approachesit.Unfortunately,shegetsbittenbythebat.Becauseshehadbeenforewarned(警告不要)aboutenteringthecave,sheistooembarrassedtotellanybodyaboutthebite.Besideswhich,thebitemarksaresmall,sosheisnotconcerned.Afewweeksafterthetrip,shebecomesveryill.Shedevelopsfever,headache,andfatigue.Thisisfollowedbyhallucinations(幻觉),seizures,andepisodesofagitation.Inaddition,whensheswallows,shehasdramaticmusclespasms.Sheprogressestoacomaandthendies.Whatwouldbefoundonautopsy(尸检)inherbrain?ADöhlebodies（杜勒小体）BRussellbodies（拉塞尔小体）CFoamcells（泡沫细胞）DNegribodies（内基氏小体）答案：D932Apatientcomplainsofhertonguehaving"athickwhitecoating,andotherwiseredandirritated."Shehadbeentryingto"scrapethewhitestuffoff"andalthoughsuccessfulattakingoffthecoatinginsomeareasofhertongue,shereportsthattheseareashavebecomerawandmoreerythematous(红斑).Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?AHairyleukoplakia(毛状黏膜白斑)BAtrophicglossitis（萎缩性舌炎）CHairytongue