2023-2024学年译林版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others阅读理解 作业

Unit3GettingAlongwithOthers阅读理解练习（2022秋·江苏扬州·高一扬州中学校考期中）Friendshipissomethingthateveryoneneeds.Successisnothingwithoutfriends.Yousharelife,happinessandsadness.Afriendissomeoneyoucandependoninatimeofneedandthatcantrustyouwitheverysecretheorshehas.So,whathappenswhenafriendshipofeightyearsisbrokenoversomethingoutoftheircontrol?Doesthatmeanitwasneveratruefriendshiptobeginwith?MyfriendandImetinhighschoolandhaveknowneachotherfornearlyeightyears.Whathappenedrecentlybrokeourlifelongfriendship.Thismakesmethinkaboutwhatfriendshipreallymeans.IalwaysthoughtmyfriendandIcouldgetthroughanyargument,fight,orthesadnessoflife.Wepromisedeachotherwe’dalwaysbefriends,throughthickandthin.Weevenjokedabouthowwewouldsitinacircleandlaughatsomejokeswhenwehadgrandchildren.Wealwayslaughedateverylittlething.Butthenhergrandfatherpassedaway(去世)andsuddenlyourfriendshipwasnothing.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIneverfoundoutaboutituntilIdiscoveredanoteshehadwrittenontheInternet.Iwassadandhurtthatshewouldpost(发帖子)whatItoldherforotherpeopletosee.Iunderstandthatshewassadandwantedtovent(发泄)hersadness,butIwishshe’dkepteverythingbetweenus.Idon’tunderstandwhyshebrokeourfriendship,andIdon’tthinkIeverwill.Ithinkfriendshipmeanswe’llalwaysforgiveeachotherforourmistakes.IhopethatfinallyI’llfindthattruefriendwhowillalwaysbethereforme,andIthereforher.1．InParagraph1,theauthormainlytalksabout________A．howtomakefriends B．theimportanceofsuccessC．whattosharewithfriends D．theimportanceoffriendship2．Whatbroketheauthor’sfriendshipwithherfriend?A．Theinternet. B．Thedeathofherfriend’sgrandfather.C．Somethingunhappybetweenthem. D．Theirjokes.3．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Atruefriendship. B．Anunsuccessfulfriend.C．Theauthor’sideaoffriendship. D．Sharingsuccesswithfriends.（2023秋·安徽淮北·高一淮北市实验高级中学校考期末）Whenitcomestofriends,Idesirethosewhowillsharemyhappinesswithme.WhenIwasintheeighthgrade,Ihadafriend.Wewereshyand“tooserious”aboutourstudieswhenitwasbecomingfashionablewithourclassmatestolearnacceptablesocialbehaviors.Wesaidlittleatschool,butshewouldcometomyhouseandwewouldsitdownwithpencilsandpaper,andoneofuswouldsay:“Let’sstartwithatrainwhistletoday.”Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.Attheendofthatschoolyear,we,too,werechangedintosocialcreaturesandthestoriesandpoemsstopped.WhenIlivedforatimeinLondon,Ihadafriend.Hewasindespair(失望)andIwasindespair.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.WegaveLondontoeachother.ForalmostfouryearsIhavehadaremarkablefriend.Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.Eachofusappears,sometimesinafunnyway,intheother’sdreams.SheandIagreethat,atcertaintimes,weseemtobepartsofthesamemind.Inmymostinterestingmoments,Ioftenthink:“Yes,Imusttell...”Wehavenevermet.ItissuchcomfortingcompanionsIwishtokeep.Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist(心理学家),whowillonlyfillupthehealing(愈合的)silencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.4．Intheeighthgrade,whattheauthordidbeforedevelopingpropersocialbehaviorwas________.A．becomeseriousaboutherstudy B．gotoherfriend’shouseregularlyC．learnfromherclassmatesatschool D．sharepoemsandstorieswithherfriend5．InParagraph2,“WegaveLondontoeachother.”probablymeans________.A．ourexplorationofLondonwasamemorablegifttobothofusB．wewereunwillingtotearourselvesawayfromLondonC．ourunpleasantfeelingsaboutLondondisappearedD．wepartedwitheachotherinLondon6．AccordingtoParagraph3,theauthorandherfriend________.A．calleachotherregularly B．havesimilarpersonalitiesC．enjoywritingtoeachother D．dreamofmeetingeachother7．Inthedarkestmoments,theauthorwouldpreferto________.A．askforprofessionalhelp B．beleftaloneC．staywithherbestfriend D．breakthesilence（2022秋·广西柳州·高一广西柳城县中学校考期中）Inchoosingafriend,oneshouldbeverycareful.Agoodfriendcanhelpyoustudy.Youcanhavefuntogetherandmakeeachotherhappy.Sometimesyouwillmeetfair-weatherfriends.Theywillbewithyouaslongasyouhavemoneyorluck,butwhenyouaredown,theywillrunaway.HowdoIknowwhenIhavefoundagoodfriend?Ilookforcertainqualitiesofcharacter,especiallyunderstanding,honestyandreliability(可靠).Aboveallelse,Ilookforunderstandinginafriend.Agoodfriendtriestounderstandhowanotherpersonisfeeling.Heisnotquicktojudge.Instead,hetriestolearnfromothers.Heputshimselfintheotherperson’splace,andhetriestothinkofwaystobehelpful.Heisalsoagoodlistener.Atthesametime,however,agoodfriendishonest.Hedoesnotlookforfaultsinothers.Henoticestheirgoodpoints.Inshort,afriendwilltrytounderstandmeandacceptme.Anotherqualityofafriendisreliability.Icanalwaysdependonagoodfriend.Ifhetellsmehewillmeetmesomewhereatacertaintime,Icanbesurethathewillbethere.IfIneedafavour,hewilldohisbesttohelpme.IfIamintrouble,hewillnotrunawayfromme.WhenImeetsomeonewhoisreliable,honest,andunderstanding,IknowI’vefoundagoodfriend!8．Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantqualityinchoosingafriendis_______.A．understanding B．honestyC．reliability D．asenseofhumour9．Ifyouhavefair-weatherfriends,__________.A．youwillbecomerichB．youcanbesurethatyougetrealfriendsC．youwillberefusedwhenyougetintotroubleD．theywillgiveyouallthattheyhavewhenyouneedhelp10．Goodfriendsneedto__________.A．havemoneyorluckB．behelpedwithmoneyC．understandeachother’sfeelingsD．alwayspointouteachother’smistakes11．Thispassagemainlydiscusses___________.A．thequalitiesofafriendB．wheretochoosefriendsC．howtogetalongwithfriendsD．theimportanceofhavingafriend（2023秋·湖南长沙·高一统考期末）Ifyoumovetoanewschool,you’llhavetoworryaboutwhetherornotyou’llmakefriends.Herearesomesimplesuggestionswhichhelpyoumakenewfriendseasier.▶Tryspeakingtothoseyou’resittingnexttoinclass.Asthey’recloseby,itmakessensetocommunicatewiththemfirst.▶Ifyoudon’thavemanyfriendsinyourclass,tryandmakenewfriendsinclass.Youcanalsotalkwiththematlunchtimeandafterschool.▶Joinalunchtimeorafterschoolclub.You’llgetchancestochatwithkidsofallyearsthatway.▶Useyour“celebritystatus(名人身份)”!Sinceyou’rethenewperson,you’llhavegained“celebritystatus”,whichyoucanuseforacoupleofweeks.Youshouldlistencarefullytowhatotherssaysoastomakethemfeelimportanttous.Asyougrowolder,it’snaturaltomakenewfriendsandsometimesthatmeansyougrowapartfromyouroldfriend.Sotryandmaketimeforallyourfriends.Butwhatifafriendshipgroupispushingyouout(排斥)?Ifthisishappeningtoyou,tryandasksomeonewhatishappening.Ifthewholegroupisleavingyouout,trytofindnewpeopletospendtimewith.12．Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwedowhenwemovetoanewschool?A．Sitclosetofriendlyclassmates. B．Trytostudywelltogainothers’trust.C．Tryourbesttohelpournewclassmates. D．Takepossiblechancestocommunicatewithothers.13．Tomakeourclassmatesfeelimportanttous,weshould______.A．listentothemcarefully B．befriendlyandopentothemC．smilewhiletalkingwiththem D．makeuseofour“celebritystatus”14．Whatshouldwedoifafriendshipgroupispushingusout?A．Trytofindoutthereason. B．Turntotheteacherforhelp.C．Forgetthematonceandmakenewfriends. D．Tryandmaketimeforallyourfriends.15．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toshowhowtobeusedtonewschoollife. B．Tosuggesthowtomakenewfriendseasily.C．Toencouragepeopletomovetonewschools. D．Tointroducehowtocommunicatewithfriends.（2023春·山东烟台·高一统考开学考试）OneThursdayafternoon,whenIwasinGrade9,anewboycameintomyclassroom.Hewasshortandthin.Hewalkeduptotheteacherandtoldher,veryseriously,thathewasnew.HisnamewasChristian.Hesatdown,tookalookatme,andthenlookedaway.Ididn’tthinkhewasveryniceandIwassurehewasn’tthetypeIwouldliketomakefriendswith.Duringthatyear,Ididn’ttalktohimmuch,buthesmiledatmewhenoureyesmet,alwaysshyly.Heneveratelunchwithanybody,andhenevertalkedtoanybodybutme.ButonedayIjoinedthoseunkindkidswhoweremakingfunofhim.WemadefunofhimthoughIthoughtitwaswrong.“Haven’tyougotanyfriends?”akidaskedChristian,whohadwalkedpastusalone,withhisheaddown.“No,hehasn’tgotanyfriends.He’stoostupidandshy”Isaid.ThenChristianlookedupatmewiththesaddestdogeyesIhadeverseen.Ifeltverysorryatthatmoment.Thatnight,Icouldn’tsleepbecauseIcouldn’tgetChristian’sfaceoutofmymind.Intheweeksthatfollowed,henevermetmyeyesinclassandneversmiledatme.Itwasreallyhardformetodecidetowritehimanoteaskinghimtoforgive(原谅)me.ButIthoughtIshould.Thenextdayinclass,IwrotehimanotetellinghimhowsorryIfelt.Aboutfiveminuteslater,Iturnedandsawtearsinhiseyes.“Youwillneverrealizewhatyourapology(道歉)hasmeanttome,Jimmy”hesaidtome.“Ihopewecanbecomefriends.”WehadlunchtogetherthatnoonandwehadthebesttalkIhadeverhad.Overtheyearsathighschool,wewereclosefriends.WhenIthinkback,Irealizethat,ifIhadnotapologized,IwouldneverhaveknownwhatalovelypersonChristianwas.Apologiescanreallychangeyourlife,sonevermissthechancetotellsomebodyyouaresorry.16．Fromthepassage,weknowChristianwasa______boy.A．tallandfat B．shortandshy C．shortandactive D．lovelyandfat17．Jimmydidn’ttalktoChristianmuchatfirstbecause________.A．hedidn’tthinkChristianwasthetypehewantedtomakefriendswithB．Christianwasn’tnicetopeoplearoundhimafterhecametothenewclassC．ChristianmadefriendswithothersD．Christianhadthesaddestdogeyes18．Jimmyfelt________afterhemadefunofChristianwithotherunkindkids.A．happy B．interested C．sorry D．bored19．Thisarticletellsusthat________.A．weshouldmakeanapologywhenwehurtothersB．Jimmy’sapologywasunimportanttoChristianC．Christianwasn’tlovelyinfactD．itisimpossibletosaysorrytoothers（2020秋·广东梅州·高一校考期中）Inchoosingafriend,oneshouldbeverycareful.Agoodfriendcanhelpyoustudy.Youcanhaveagoodtimetogetherandmakeeachotherhappy.Sometimesyouwillmeetfairweatherfriends.Theywillbewithyouaslongasyouhavemoneyorluck,butwhenyouaredown,theywillrunaway.HowdoIknowwhenIhavefoundagoodfriend?Ilookforcertainqualitiesofcharacter,especiallyunderstanding,honestyandreliability.Amongthesequalities,Ithinkunderstandingisthemostimportant.Agoodfriendtriestounderstandhowanotherpersonisfeeling.Heisnotquicktojudge.Instead,hetriestolearnfromothers.Heputshimselfintheotherperson’splace,andhetriestothinkofwaystobehelpful.Heisalsoagoodlistener.Atthesametime,however,agoodfriendishonest.Hedoesnotlookforfaultsinothers.Henoticestheirgoodpoints.Inshort,afriendwilltrytounderstandmeandacceptme.Anotherqualityofafriendisreliability.Icanalwaysdependonagoodfriend.Ifhetellsmehewillmeetmesomewhereatacertaintime,Icanbesurethathewillbethere.IfIneedhelp,hewilldohisbesttohelpme.IfIamintrouble,hewillnotrunawayfromme.WhenImeetsomeonewhoisreliable,honest,andunderstanding,IknowI’vefoundafriend!20．Ifyouhavefairweatherfriends,________.A．youwillbecomerichB．youcanbesurethatyougetrealfriendsC．youwillberefusedwhenyougetintotroubleD．theywillgiveyouallthattheyhavewhenyouneedhelp21．Whichofthefollowingqualitiesthewriterthinksisthemostimportantinchoosingafriend?A．Honesty. B．Understanding. C．Reliability. D．Asenseofhumor.22．Goodfriendsneedto________.A．havemoneyorluck B．behelpedwithmoneyC．alwayspointouteachother’smistakes D．understandeachother’sfeelings23．Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?A．Thequalitiesofafriend. B．Wheretochoosefriends.C．Howtogetalongwithfriends. D．Theimportanceofhavingafriend.（2023·全国·高一专题练习）Oneperson’shappinesscausesachainreactionthatbenefitsnotonlytheirfriends,buttheirfriends’friends,andtheirfriends’friends’friends.Theeffectlastsforuptooneyear.Theopposite,interestingly,isnotthecase:Sadnessdoesnotspreadthroughsocialnetworksasstronglyashappiness.Happinessappearstolovecompanymoresothanmisery.Focusingon4,739individuals,ChristakisandFowler,whoco-authoredthisstudy,observedmorethan50,000socialandfamilytiesandanalyzedthespreadofhappinessthroughoutthisgroup.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenanindividualbecomeshappy,afriendlivingwithinamileexperiencesa25percentincreasedchanceofbecominghappy.Aco-residentspouse(配偶)experiencesan8percentincreasedchance,siblings(兄弟姐妹)livingwithinonemilehavea14percentincreasedchance,andfornext-doorneighbors,34percent.Buttherealsurprisecamewithindirectrelationships.Again,whileanindividualbecominghappyincreaseshisfriend’schances,afriendofthatfriendexperiencesanearly10percentchanceofincreasedhappiness,andafriendofthatfriendhasa5.6percentincreasedchance.Theresearchersalsofoundthat,contrarytowhatyourparentstaughtyou,popularitydoesleadtohappiness.Peopleinthecenteroftheirnetworkgroupsarethemostlikelypeopletobecomehappy,andthentherearechancesthatincreasetotheextentthatthepeoplesurroundingthemalsohavelotsoffriends.However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthenetworkfringe(外围)tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.“Imagineabird’seyeviewofabackyardparty,”Fowlerexplains.“You’llseepeopleingroupsatthecenter,andothersonthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthecenter.Butsomeoneonthefringewhosuddenlybecomeshappy,saythroughaparticularexchange,doesn’tsuddenlymoveintothecenterofthegroup.Hesimplystayswhereheis—onlynowhehasafarmoresatisfyingsenseofwell-being.”Nexttime,ifyou’rehappyandyouknowit,thankyourfriends—andtheirfriends.Andwhileyou’reatit,theirfriends’friends.Butifyou’resad,holdtheblame.24．Whowillbemorelikelytobecomehappyasamanishappyaccordingtotheresearch?A．Hiswife. B．Hisnext-doorneighbors.C．Hisbrothersandsisters. D．Afriendofhisfriend.25．WhydoesFowlermentionabackyardpartyinParagraph4?A．Toexplainarule. B．Toclarifyaconcept.C．Todescribeafact. D．Tomakeaprediction.26．Whatdoestheresearchaimtotellus?A．Happinesschangessocialstructures.B．Asocialnetworkisadouble-edgedsword.C．Happinessgoeshandinhandwithsadness.D．Happinessspreadsthroughsocialnetworks.27．Whatdoweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Friends’friendsmaybringyouhappiness.B．Yourfriendsaretoblameforyoursadness.C．Yourfriendsdecidewhetheryouarehappy.D．Thehappiestfriendsatpartyareonthefringe.（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第八十三中学校考阶段练习）IliveinNewYorkcityandmyneighboursarepeopleIdon’tknow.Mycity,neighborhoodandblockarefilledwithpeoplewhodon’tknowme,don’tcaretoknowme,anddon’ttalktome.Ifindthatit’sprettyhardtolovepeopleyoudon’tevenknow.Andsometimes,weall,myselfincluded,usethatasanexcusenottotry.IreadBrendan’sstoryrecentlyandwasmoved.Oneday,Brendan,ayoungmaninNewYorkwasonthewaybacktohisBrooklynapartmentwhenahomelesswomancalledJackieaskedhimformoney.Hesaidthathehadnomoney.Bytheendoftheweek,sheaskedtwomoretimes,andeachtimeheanswered“No”.Thewomanlookedsad,soBrendansaid,“Iamonmywaytoajobinterview.IfIgetthejob,I’lltakeyououtforlunch.”Brendangotthejob.HetookJackieoutforlunch.Thatwaswhentheirfriendshipbegan.Theybuiltastrongfriendshipbysupportingeachotherandspendingtheirbirthdays,holidaysanddifficulttimestogether,overaperiodofeightyears.WhenBrendan’sheaterbroke,Jackiemadeablanketforhim.Twodayslaterwhenhetoldherthathehadlosthisjob,sheleftandreturnedminuteslater,bringhimfoodtoeat.Shecontinuedtodothatduringthewholewinter.Evenwithsolittle,sheoftengaveback.Overtheseyears,Jackiemovedfromthestreetsandsubwaystationsintoahalfwayhouse,andisnowmovingintoanapartment.Tocelebrateit,BrendanwantedtodosomethingspecialforJackie.Hewentwithherandhelpedhertopickouteverythingshewouldneedforhernewapartment.MayBrendan’sstoryencourageustofindanewwaytohonour,serveandlovethepeoplearoundus.28．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromparagraph1?A．Heoftenstaysindoors. B．Hecaresabouthisneighbours.C．Heisgoodatmakingfriends. D．Hehardlytalktohisneighbours29．WhatdidBrendandowhenJackieaskedhimformoney?A．Hewasangrywithher. B．Hedidn’tgiveherany.C．Heofferedhersomefood. D．Hegavehersomesparechange.30．WhathappenedafterBrendanandJackiehadlunchtogether?A．Theydevelopedanewfriendship. B．Theyhelpedeachothertofindwork.C．Theyfellinlovewitheachother. D．Theydiscoveredtheywereclassmates.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph4referto?A．Jackie’sfindingwork. B．Jackie’smovingfromthestreets.C．Jackie’smovingintoanapartment. D．Jackie’smovingintoahalfwayhouse.（2022秋·广东深圳·高一明德学校校考阶段练习）Itisoftensaidthatyoucan’thavetoomanyfriends.Butitseemsthatthereisanaturallimittothenumberofpeoplewestayintouchwith.Astudyfoundthatwhenwemakenewfriends,bystartinganewjoborgoingtouniversity,wedowngradeorevendropoldones.Andwhilethefriendsmaychange,thenumberstaysalmostthesame.OxfordUniversityresearcherFelixReed-Tsochasasked24studentsinthefinalmonthsofschooltolistalltheirfriendsandrelativesandsayhowclosetothemtheywere.Thepupilsfilledinthequestionnaire(问卷)twicemoreafterstartingworkorgoingtouniversity.Theywerealsogivenfreemobilephonesandagreedthatresearcherscouldusetheirbillstoworkoutwhotheycalled,whenandforhowlong.Puttingthetwopiecesofinformationtogethershowed,unsurprisingly;thatmostpeoplehaveasmallcircleofclosefriends,whotheyspendmostoftheirtimetalkingto.Thisinnercircleissurroundedbygroupaftergroupofevermoredistantfriends.Asthevolunteers’liveschanged,thisoverallpattern,includingthenumberofbestfriends,remainedalmostthesame,meaningthatsomeclosefriendsfromchildhoodweredroppedordowngradedasnewfriendshipswerebuilt.DrReed-Tsochassaid:“MaybemybestfriendisnolongerthesamepersonbuttheamountoftimeIallocate(分配)tomybestfriendisstillthesame.”Headdedthatthisfindingsuggeststhatevenwiththecomingofmodemtechnologyweareonlycapableofformingalimitednumberoftruefriendships.ChesterUniversityresearcherDrSamRobertssaid:“Ourresultsarelikelytoreflectlimitationsintheabilityofhumanstokeepemotionallycloserelationshipsbothbecauseoflimitedtimeandbecausetheemotionalcapital(情绪资本)thatindividualscanallocatebetweenfamilymembersandfriendsislimited.”32．Whatisapopularbeliefaboutmakingfriends?A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed. B．Weshouldtreatfriendsasourfamily.C．Themorefriendswemake,thebetter. D．Afriendtoeverybodyisafriendtonobody.33．WhichisamethodDrReed-Tsochasusedinhisstudy?A．Checkingthevolunteers’callrecords. B．Learningaboutthevolunteers’hobbies.C．Trackingthevolunteers’jobperformance. D．Interviewingthevolunteers’schoolmates.34．Whatdidtheresearchersfindfromthestudy?A．One’sattitudetofriendshipremainsthesame.B．Peopleattachgreatimportancetofriendships.C．Peoplerarelydroptheiroldfriendstomakenewones.D．Thenumberofone’sbestfriendsdoesn’tchangemuch.35．Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?A．Toaddbackgroundinformation. B．Togiveapossibleexplanation.C．Tooffersomesuggestions. D．Tointroduceanewtopic.参考答案：1．D2．C3．C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文中作者通过自己和朋友之间的矛盾，讲述了作者对友谊的看法，作者认为友谊是十分重要的，没有朋友，成功是没有意义的。1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Friendshipissomethingthateveryoneneeds.Successisnothingwithoutfriends.(友谊是每个人都需要的东西。没有朋友，成功毫无意义。)”可知，第一段讲述的是友谊的重要性。故选D2．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Butthenhergrandfatherpassedwayandsuddenlyourfriendshipwasnothing.IthappenedsosuddenlythatIneverfoundoutaboutituntilIdiscoveredanoteshehadwrittenontheInternet.IwassadandhurtthatshewouldpostwhatItoldherforotherpeopletosee.(但后来她的祖父去世了，突然间我们的友谊就不复存在了。事情发生得如此突然，直到我发现她在网上写的一张便条，我才发现这件事。我很伤心，也很受伤，因为她会把我告诉她的东西发布给别人看。)”可知，作者和朋友之间的一些不愉快的事情破坏了他们的友谊。故选C项。3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Friendshipissomethingthateveryoneneeds.Successisnothingwithoutfriends.(友谊是每个人都需要的东西。没有朋友，成功毫无意义。)”可知，文章主旨围绕“友谊”。并且根据全文内容可知，作者通过自己和朋友之间的矛盾，讲述了作者对友谊的看法，作者认为友谊是十分重要的，所以本文讲述的是作者的“友谊观”。故选C项。4．D5．A6．C7．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己在人生的不同阶段所遇到的几个好朋友的经历，来告诉我们朋友对于我们人生的重要意义。4．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Wewouldsitquietlytogetherandwriteseparatepoemsorstoriesthatgrewoutofatrainwhistle.Thenwewouldreadthemaloud.Attheendofthatschoolyear,we,too,werechangedintosocialcreaturesandthestoriesandpoemsstopped.(我们会安静地坐在一起，分别写由火车汽笛声产生的诗歌或故事。然后我们大声朗读。在那个学年结束时，我们也变成了社会人，故事和诗歌也停止了)”可知，在八年级的时候，作者在培养正确的社会行为之前所做的就是和她的朋友分享诗歌和故事，故选D。5．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Hewasindespair(失望)andIwasindespair.Butourfriendshipwasbasedontheideaineachofusthatwewouldbesorrylaterifwedidnotexplorethisgreatcitybecausewehadfeltbadatthetime.WemeteverySundayforfiveweeksandfoundmanyexcellentthings.Wewalkeduntilourdespairsdisappearedandthenweparted.(他很绝望，我也很绝望。但是我们的友谊是建立在我们都认为，如果我们因为当时感觉很糟糕而没有探索这个伟大的城市，我们会后悔。我们连续五个星期每个星期天都见面，发现了很多很棒的东西。我们一直走，直到我们的绝望消失，然后我们分开。)”可知，作者和朋友在伦敦时都很绝望，但他们一起探索伦敦，一起寻找美好的事情，直到他们的绝望的感觉消失了，这说明探索伦敦让他们都很难忘，由此可推知，“WegaveLondontoeachother(我们把伦敦给了对方)”意思是，对伦敦的探索对于作者和朋友来说都是一份难忘的礼物，故选A。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves..(我们写了很长时间的信，常常在信中发现最奇怪的自己。)”可知，作者和朋友喜欢互相写信，故选C。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Onebrighthourwiththeirkindisworthmoretomethanthelifetimeservicesofapsychologist(心理学家),whowillonlyfillupthehealing(愈合的)silencenecessarytothosedarkestmomentsinwhichIwouldratherbemyownbestfriend.(对我来说，和她们一起度过一个光明的时刻，比一个心理学家为我提供一生的服务更有价值，在那些最黑暗的时刻，心理学家只会填补治愈的沉默，而在那些时刻，我宁愿做自己最好的朋友)”可知，在最黑暗的时刻，作者宁愿独处，故选B。8．A9．C10．C11．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了何谓好朋友，好朋友应该具备什么品质。8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Aboveallelse,Ilookforunderstandinginafriend.Agoodfriendtriestounderstandhowanotherpersonisfeeling.(最重要的是，我希望朋友能理解我。好朋友会试着去理解另一个人的感受。)”可知，一个好朋友最重要的品质是有同情心的（understanding）。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Sometimesyouwillmeetfair-weatherfriends.Theywillbewithyouaslongasyouhavemoneyorluck,butwhenyouaredown,theywillrunaway.(有时你会遇到酒肉朋友。只要你有钱或运气好，他们就会和你在一起，但当你走下坡路时，他们就会跑掉。)”可知，当你遇到酒肉朋友的时候，如果你遇到麻烦，他们就会跑掉，不会帮助你。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Agoodfriendtriestounderstandhowanotherpersonisfeeling.Heisnotquicktojudge.Instead,hetriestolearnfromothers.Heputshimselfintheotherperson’splace,andhetriestothinkofwaystobehelpful.(好朋友会试着去理解另一个人的感受。他不善于判断。相反，他试图向别人学习。他会设身处地地为别人着想，并努力想办法提供帮助。)”可知，好朋友应该能够互相理解。故选C。11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“HowdoIknowwhenIhavefoundagoodfriend?Ilookforcertainqualitiesofcharacter,especiallyunderstanding,honestyandreliability(可靠).(我怎么知道我找到了一个好朋友？我看重的是性格上的某些品质，尤其是善解人意、诚实可靠。)”以及文章最后一段“WhenImeetsomeonewhoisreliable,honest,andunderstanding,IknowI’vefoundagoodfriend!(当我遇到一个可靠、诚实、善解人意的人时，我就知道我找到了一个好朋友！)”可知，本文主要讨论的是一个好朋友的品质。故选A。12．D13．A14．A15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在新学校交友的建议。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“▶Tryspeakingtothoseyou’resittingnexttoinclass.Asthey’recloseby,itmakessensetocommunicatewiththemfirst.(试着在课堂上和坐在你旁边的人交谈。因为他们就在附近，所以先和他们交流是有意义的)”可知，当我们搬到一所新学校时，我们应该抓住可能的机会与他人交流。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Youshouldlistencarefullytowhatotherssaysoastomakethemfeelimportanttous.(你应该仔细倾听别人说的话，这样才能让他们觉得对我们很重要)”可知，为了让我们的同学觉得对我们很重要，我们应该认真倾听。故选A。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butwhatifafriendshipgroupispushingyouout(排斥)?Ifthisishappeningtoyou,tryandasksomeonewhatishappening.(但如果是朋友圈排斥你呢？如果这种情况发生在你身上，试着问问别人发生了什么)”可知，如果朋友圈把我们排挤出去，我们应该试着找出原因。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyoumovetoanewschool,you’llhavetoworryaboutwhetherornotyou’llmakefriends.Herearesomesimplesuggestionswhichhelpyoumakenewfriendseasier.(如果你搬到一所新学校，你将不得不担心你是否会交到朋友。这里有一些简单的建议，可以帮助你更容易交到新朋友)”结合文章主要介绍了一些在新学校交友的建议。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议如何容易地结交新朋友。故选B。16．B17．A18．C19．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者的故事，作者曾经因为害怕不能融入其他人而选择取笑自己的一个朋友，幸亏作者最终意识到自己的错误，及时道歉，挽回了这个好朋友。16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“OneThursdayafternoon,whenIwasinGrade9,anewboycameintomyclassroom.Hewasshortandthin.

(一个星期四的下午，当我在九年级的时候，一个新男孩走进了我的教室。他又矮又瘦。)”以及第二段“Duringthatyear,Ididn’ttalktohimmuch,buthesmiledatmewhenoureyesmet,alwaysshyly.

Heneveratelunchwithanybody,andhenevertalkedtoanybodybutme.(在那一年里，我很少和他说话，但当我们的目光相遇时，他总是害羞地对我微笑。他从不和任何人一起吃午饭，除了我，他从不和任何人说话。)”可知，克里斯蒂安是个个子矮小的人，而且很害羞。故选B。17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ididn’tthinkhewasveryniceandIwassurehewasn’tthetypeIwouldliketomakefriendswith.(我不认为他是一个很好的人，我确信他不是我想要交朋友的类型。)”可知，作者不和克里斯蒂安交朋友，是因为作者认为他不是自己想去交朋友的人。故选A。18．细节理解题。根据文章第五段““No,hehasn’tgotanyfriends.He’stoostupidandshy”Isaid.ThenChristianlookedupatmewiththesaddestdogeyesIhadeverseen.Ifeltverysorryatthatmoment.(“不，他没有朋友。他太笨，太害羞了。”我说。然后克里斯蒂安抬头看着我，眼神中流露出我从未见过的最悲伤的狗一样的神情。那一刻我感到非常抱歉。)”可知，当作者和其他不友善的孩子们一起取笑克里斯蒂安时，