语法定语从句

定语从句AttributiveClause刘老师欢迎你电话腾讯微博广外培训刘老师定语从句1为什么我们需要定语：请看下句：人不是人钱比钱多2带有定语的词组：一本昂贵的书一个迷人的女生3当定语也变成从句（定语中有动词时）爱我的人我爱的人一个有趣的句子：爱我的人不是我爱的人(定语从句是不是很重要？)Don’tforgettheonewhohelpedyou.Don’thatetheonewholovedyou.Don’tcheattheonewhobelievesyou.Thefirstpersonwhocomestoyourmindwhenyoucloseyoureyesatnightorwhenyouopenyoureyesinthemorningistheonewhobroughtyouhappinessorbrokeyourheart.定语从句关键词：从句（句中句）

定语：修饰名词或代词

引导词(关系代词、关系副词）：放在从句句首，带领从句的词。定语从句的引导词在从句中担当相应的成分典型的带定语从句的结构：Subject(+定从）+verb+object(+定从）定语从句请仔细观察：Thegirlwho/thatlovesmeisnottheonewho(m)Ilove.Themoneywhich/thatIborrowedfromothersismorethanthatwhichIlenttoothers.Hewho/thatlovesotherswillbeloved.Hewho/thatlaughslast

laughsbestOnewho/thatdoesn’trespectotherswillnotberespected.Shegavetheringthat

/whichhadbeengivenbyher

lover

tothemanwho/whom/thatsheloved.Theonlypersonwhoiscapableofbreakingyourheartistheoneyoulovemorethananybodyelseintheworld.Iknowthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.Thisistheteacherwhoselessonsthestudentsliketohave.Thedriveristhemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthegoldwatch.Languageisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicateideaswitheachother.问：引导词在从句中做什么?从句放在哪儿？当引导词在从句中做宾语时可省略，上面哪些引导词可省略?你还观察到什么？刘老师欢迎你电话腾讯微博广外培训刘老师定语从句who在从句中作主语或宾语，指人。which在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物。做宾语时引导词可省略。Whose在定语从句中做定语，和它后面的名词一起提前做引导词。从句中的介词可以跟引导词一起提前，但介词后只能接which或whom.划出下列句中的定语从句ThenurseIgavethemedicinetoisoverthere.Whereisthebookyouwerereadinglastnight?IputthemedicineIneedtotakeintomybag.Thehospitalwhichshewenttoopenedlastyear.Themanwhowasjustpassingbysawwhathadhappened.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.Themanwhoyouwenttoseehascome.定语从句定语从句的产生：Iamreadingabook.Thebookisaboutarobbery.Iamreadingabookthat

isaboutarobbery.（看红色的是否是完整句）

Sheiswearinganecklace.Thenecklaceisbeautiful.Thenecklace(which)sheiswearingisbeautiful.JointhetwosentencestogetherIthankedtheman.Hehelpedmetothepostoffice.Ihatethosepersons.Theyalwaysspeakillofothersbehind.Heisagoodcat.Hecatchesmice.Thehouseisnearabeautifullake.TheGreen’sliveinthehouse.ThenurselostherlifeinthestruggleagainstSARS.SheworkedinahospitalinGuangzhou.Thenecklaceisveryexpensive.Itismadeofdiamond.BrazilJapanEgyptEnglandVaticanTheUSASouthAfricaTheDeadSeaAustralia

isthe

country

which

place

isthelowestonlandhasthestrongestnationalpowerhasthemostearthquakes.hasthesmallestareawonthemostFIFAWorldCupshasthemostfamousplaywritershasthemostdiamondsintheworld.whichhasthekangaroo.whichhasthelargestpyramid.Fillintheblankswithwho/which/thatA:Doesanyofthesemenlookliketherobber____yousaw?B:Er---I’mnotsureA:Lookcarefully.Whatabouttheone___iswearingsunglasses?B:No,itwasn’thim.Theman____Isawhadblackhair.A:Wasitlong?B:No,hehadhair____wasquiteshort.Andhehadverysmalleyes.A:Canyourememberanythingelseabouthim?B:Yes.Hehadamouth____wasquitesmall.A:Isthistheman_____yousaw?B:Yes,that’shim!That’stherobber.定语从句PutthefollowingintoEnglish:Doyouknowtheman_____________________________(刚才跟你说话的人）？Howcanyouloveaman_____________________?(一个如此骄傲的人）ididn’tseethecar____________________。(把我撞倒的）Theboy____________________________(坐在我身后的）isfromKorea.Themathsproblem__________________________(没人能解出的）isreallytoodifficult.People_________________________________________(用信用卡在网上购物的）mustbeverycareful.whowastalkingtoyoujustnowwhoissoproudthatknockedmedownwhoissittingbehindmethatnobodycanworkout（that可以省略吗？）whousecreditcardstobuythingsonline错在哪里找出下列定语从句中的错误。Thefilmtheysawitlastnightisexciting.Thepenhehastakenitawayismine.ThebagIleftitonthebusyesterdayhassomethingimportantinit.Thehospitalshewenttoopenlastyear.Theprogramthatyouarelisteningtoattractmanyyoungpeople.注意：1。引导词that,which,who在句中做什么成份？引导词替换的词还在吗。看第一句：Thefilmisexciting.Theysaw

it

lastnight.Thefilm(that)theysawlastnightisexciting.2。去掉定语从句后，再读句子找错误。看第四句：Thehospitalopenlastyear.错在哪儿？刘老师欢迎你电话腾讯微博广外培训刘老师再改一改Thewomanthatyouvisitedherlastweekisafamouswriter.Thehouseheislookingforitisveryexpensive.Thesearethepicturesthatmydaughterdrewthemwhenshewasyoung.HeisthepersonImetherintheparkyesterday.Theladythatyousawherjustnowisourteacher.Thepenwhichhehastakenitawayismine."As”引导定语从句。as可以代替整个句子或一件事，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如……，就像……，据……”常见于以下这些结构:aswecansee,ascanbeseen,asweknow,asis（well）known---as除了代替整个句子，也可以代替主句中一个特定的词。as在它引导的定语从句（限制性或非限制性）中可以充当主语，宾语和表语；在这种用法中它经常和such,so,thesame等词搭配使用；且当先行词中有such,so,thesame等词修饰时，关系代词通常必须用as。

1.Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(as在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是suchstories.)

2.Theplacedoesn‘tlookthesameasitwas5yearsago.这个地方看上一去和5年前不一样了。(as在定语从句中作表语，先行词是same)

3.HaveyouboughtthesamebookasIreferredtoyesterday?你有没有买我昨天说的那本书啊？(as在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是book)whose

在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的。Whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.刘老师欢迎你电话腾讯微博广外培训刘老师Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.HeisthestudentwhosepencilI

brokeyesterday.你来变Peoplecangetfoodstamps（粮票）.Theiresarebelowacertainlevel.Peoplewhoseesarebelowacertainlevelcangetfoodstamps.Awidowisawoman.Herhusbandhasdied.Awidowisawomanwhosehusbandhasdied.Thereisonestudent.Theteacherlovestoreadhercompositions.Thereisonestudentwhosecompositionstheteacherlovestoread.刘老师欢迎你电话腾讯微博广外培训刘老师你来变whose+n一起在从句句首引导定语从句。请观察并练习：Iknowtheperson.Hisstorysurprisedeverybody.Iknowthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.Thisistheboy.HismotherteachesusChinese.Showmethegirl.Hermotherisawell-knownsinger.Isthereanyonehere?HisfamilyisinBeijing.Theboyissittingattheback.Theteacheraskedforhishomework.Thisistheteacher.Thestudentsliketohavehislessons.继续练习

Theboyisinthelab.

Youwanttotalktohim.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalkto

isinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.

Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.从句介词提前---prep+whom(人）/which(物）刘老师欢迎你电话腾讯微博广外培训刘老师Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewith

itjustnow.Doyoufindthepenwithwhich

Iwrotejustnow?Doyoufindthepen(which)

Iwrote

withjustnow?when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.forwhichIdon’tknowthereason_____hewaslatefortheclass.Abirthdayisthedate_____onewasborn.Doyouknowthereason_____noonequestionedAristotle'stheoryforabout2,000years?Thisisthehotel_____westayedatlastweek.When/where/why---when/where/why---or---对比练习，注意引导次在从句中的作用1.Thisisthemuseum_______mymotherworked10yearsago.Thisisthemuseum_______wasbuiltin1950.2.July1,1921wastheday______ourPartywasfounded.July1,1921wastheday______wewillnotforget.3.Irememberthedays________Ilivedinmyhometown.Irememberthedays________Ispentwithmygrandpa.4.Thehouse_______we'regoingtolivewasbuiltacenturyago.Thehouse______usedtobetempleisaschoolnow.wherethatwhenthatwhenthatwherethat非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中,关系词不可省略。如：Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇见金教授,他从伦敦大学来的。非限制性定语从句大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫,这事令我十分恐惧。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。非限制性定语从句Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。(Shehasmorethantwobrothers.)b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.她有两个弟弟,他们在这个城市工作。(Shehasonlytwobrothers.)限定性与非限定性的不同下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差,意义大相径庭。Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。限定性与非限定性的不同难点：引导词只用that，不用which、who的情况1.当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2.当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时。e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.6.当先行词被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等词修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.7.当先行词又有人又有物时。e.g.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatI