虚拟语气汇总课件

虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个假设，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为

非真实条件句。真实条件句提出的假设完全可以

实现，用陈述语气；非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实现可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用1.对现在情况的假设：表示现在实际上并不存在的情况If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）,主语+should

(would/could/might)+ve.g.

If

Chairman

Mao

were

alive,

how

happy

he

would

beto

see

the

great

achievements

of

China!If

all

of

you

stood

on

the

platform,

it

would

collapse.Translate:如果人们开车开慢点，就不会有这么多交通事故。If

people

drove

more

slowly,

there

wouldn't

be

somany

accidents.2.对过去情况的假设：表示过去与事实相反的事情If+主语+had+过去分词,主语+should

(would/could/might)+have+过去分词e.g.

If

the

doctor

had

been

available,

the

child

wouldhavebeen

saved.If

I

had

not

studied

hard,

I

would

have

failed

in

theexam.Translate:如果你没有开着窗睡觉的话，你就不会感冒了。If

you

hadn’t

slept

with

the

window

open,

you

wouldn’thave

caught

acold.3.对将来情况的假设：表示将来实现可能性不大的情况If+subject+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）/should

+

v

/were

to

+

v,subject

+

should

(would/could/might)

+ve.g.

If

it

should

rain

tomorrow,

we

would

stay

athome.If

I

were

to

go

to

the

moon

some

day,

I

couldsee

the

surface

of

the

moon

with

my

owneyes.Translate:如果明天太阳不会升起来，我们该怎么办？If

the

sun

were

not

to

rise

tomorrow,

what

should

we

do?Note:1.If

it

(be)

not

for…是常见的虚拟条件的句型，意思是“要不是…”，相当于but

for/withoutIf

it

were

not

for

the

leadership

of

the

party,

wecould

not

be

living

a

happy

life

today.If

it

had

not

been

for

your

help,

we

would

nothaveachieved

so

much

in

our

work.2.连词if的省略在正式文体中，有时可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were,had,should等动词（不包括实义动词）提到主语前面去。If

they

were

here

now,

they

could

help

us.=

Were

they

here

now,

they

could

help

us.If

you

had

come

earlier,

you

would

have

met

him.=

Had

you

come

earlier,

you

would

have

met

him

.If

it

should

rain,

the

crops

would

besaved.=

Should

it

rain,

the

crops

would

besaved.3.含蓄条件句假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句来表示，而是隐含在一个有介词without,but

for,but

that等引导的短语中，或有连词but,副词otherwise,以及比较级等表示的上下文中Without

electricty,

there

would

be

no

modern

industry.But

for

your

cooperation,

we

could

not

havesucceededin

ourexperiment.But

that

she

was

afraid,

she

would

have

said

no.I

would

be

most

glad

to

help

you,

but

I’m

busy

now.A

more

careful

person

wouldn’t

have

made

so

manymistakes.4.“should+v”的用法这一部分主要是有关坚持、命令、建议、要求等的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有insist（坚持），

order,command，decree（命令）,suggest,advise,recommend,

prefer,propose,move,

vote（建议）,ask,require,

demand,request,urge（要求），以及相关名词等等。e.g.The

general

ordered

(that)

allthesoldiers

(should

)

leave.He

gives

orders

that

the

soldiers(should)

leave.Note:suggest,insist

等有双重含义动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：He

insisted

that

I

had

read

his

letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。He

insisted

that

I

should

read

his

letter.他坚持要我看他的信。与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：He

suggested

that

we

(should)

stay

fordinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。What

he

said

suggested

that

he

was

acheat.他说的话表明他是个骗子。主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的2种情况：1.It’s+adj.+that…常用的形容词advisable,appropriate,desirable,demanded,essential,fitting,,insistent,important,imperative,impossible,necessary,vital,obligatory,ordered,proper,preferable,required,

urgent等，2.It’s+n.+that…常用的名词decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution,duty,

pity,

nosurprise,

no

wonder,shame,

regret等。It’s

demanded

that

all

the

students

shouldgo

to

theplayground.It’s

a

pity

that

you

should

refuse

theinvitation.5.虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用would

rather,

It’s

time…,

for

fear

that…wish+clause;

as

if/

though+

clause;

Ifonlywould

rather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身would

rather可以直接接动词原形，构成would

rather

do

sth.(than

do

sth.else);或者

would

do

sth.rather

than

do

sth.else.而虚拟语气的would

rather

是这样使用的

would

rather

sb.

did(对现在或将来的假设)/haddone(对过去的假设)I

would

rather

he

didn’t

go

now.They

would

rather

they

hadn’t

attended

theparty.It’s

(about)(high)

time(that)….从句中常用过去式(或用should

do,should不可省),含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It’s

time

for

sb.

to

do

sth.It’s

high

time

(that)

we

went

home.It’s

high

time

(that)

we

should

go

home.It’s

high

time

for

us

to

go

home.由lest（以免；免得），in

case（以防）和for

fear

that（生怕，唯恐）引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形

其谓语部分

should可以省略。I

will

not

make

a

noise

for

fear

that

I(should)

disturbyou.II.虚拟语气在wish从句中的应用wish

后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句虚拟的是哪一时间段后，按时间顺序后退一步处理从句谓语动词的时态。1)从句动作与谓语wish同时存在的情况：wish

that

+

subject

+

v-edI

wish

I

were

as

young

as

you.Translate:我希望他知道这个答案。I

wish

that