新高考英语二轮复习题型专练15 阅读理解之细节理解题(含解析)

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）15阅读理解之细节理解题【考试方向】细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3.以Accordingto…开头提问方式；4.以填空题的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。【解答技巧】1.描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。【真题再现】（2020·海南高考真题）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃动）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飞机）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B.ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC.ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.2.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C.NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Failurecanleadtoprogress. B.SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC.Failureshouldbeavoided. D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.4.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport B.Ashortstory.C.Abookreview D.Aresearcharticle.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力。故选A。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（赞歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评，故选C。2.信息寻找题、广告阅读题信息寻找题一般在应用文体中较常见，体现于查字典、阅读广告、公告、演出海报、车船航班时间表等之中。这类阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一方面提问，考生完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定全法”。即：先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。广告属应用文体。严格来说广告属快速寻找信息题。但是广告有着其他快速寻找信息题不同的特点。广告文体简洁明快，省略了大量的词语，达到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同时具有语言精练，形象性、鼓动性强的良好效果。广告阅读题多为细节理解题，关键在于正确理解广告内容。考生必须具备较强的语言运用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各种手段（如：补全、联想、推测等）正确解读广告的内容。通常运用“补全成分法”和“联想推测法”两种方法来解读广告的内容。做题方法同样采用“题干定向法”。（1）补全成分法省略名在广告体阅读材料中大量出现，可以说广告阅读理解材料中大多数句子都是省略句。我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。如：Driverwanted.根据文义，可将该句补充为：Adriverwillbewanted.(招聘一名司机)。（2）联想推测法在些广告时间、日期、地点、电话、票价等用了缩略词，甚至一概没有提及，这就需要考生前后连贯，充分想象，整体理解。搜寻已知信息，推断语篇意义。【真题再现】（2020·海南高考真题）PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.BroadcastingCampBecomethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.SecretAgentCampInthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolestjobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeofrealsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.CulinaryCampIfyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.StreetArtCampThiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorfulideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwithnon-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmuralwhichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.5.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.6.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?A.Createawebsite. B.Runanewsstation.C.Meetastarreporter. D.Holdadinnerparty.7.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?A.BroadcastingCamp. B.SecretAgentCamp.C.CulinaryCamp D.StreetArtCamp.【答案】5.C6.B7.C【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营的情况。5.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知从广播到街头艺术，这只是17个非常独特的营地中的4个。由此可知，今年夏天巴利岛有17个露营地。故选C。6.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.”可知在经营好我们自己的新闻电台的方方面面的同时，孩子们和他们的营员们将在每天晚上的晚餐时，为整个夏令营创作并主持播出一个广播。由此可知，营员在广播营会经营一家新闻电台。故选B。7.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.”可知如果你的孩子喜欢呆在厨房里，那么烹饪夏令营绝对是最合适的选择。露营者学习烘焙、油炸和切菜的技术技能，以及一些他们可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。由此可知，CulinaryCamp会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子。故选C。3.数据计算题此类试题一般要求考生能根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，找出计算关系，通过计算，得出正确的结论。这类计算一般来说比较简单，关键是要弄清各数据间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法，问题便迎刃而解了。对于数据较多、项目复杂用时间或空间跨度较大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。对于相对不太复杂的数据，可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基准，进行简单的运算就可得出。例如：…......Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800 B.About3,400C.About2,400 D.About1,200【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。4.图文转换题此类试题要求根据短文中的描写找出相应的图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字。可采用“文字锁定法”，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”锁“图”，迅速锁定相关图形，或用“图形标示法”，在图形中标出相应的内容，以便做题。【真题再现】（2015，四川卷）50.Thecardaboveis_________A.aticket B.apostcardC.aninvitation D.anadvertisement51.Thepartyisfor_________A.abirthdayB.theQueenC.beewatchingD.theNationalDay52.Accordingtothecard,ifyouareunabletogo,youcan.A.returnthecardB.visittheMuseumC.ignorethemessageD.contactAlice'smother【答案】50.C51.A52.D【解析】这是一张邀请函，是为了庆祝Alice的两岁生日。50.C主旨大意题。根据文章的wearethrowingaparty以及comebugwithus.可知，这是一张邀请函，故选择C。51.A细节理解题。根据文章中的Aliceisturning2，可知，是为了庆祝生日的，故选择A。52.D细节理解题。根据文章中的regretstotheQueenBeeat601-555-4111可知如果不能来，请打电话给妈妈，故选择D。5.代词指代题解题技能代词指代题要求考生一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【真题再现】（2016·新课标卷III））OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSlidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.＂Hey,aren’tyoufromMississippi?＂theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.＂I’mfromMississippitoo.＂Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.＂TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,＂Weltysaid.＂Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.＂TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(团聚).＂Myfriendssaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’＂Weltyadded.＂AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’＂Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.＂Idon’tmakethemup,＂shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.＂Idon’thaveto.＂Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty’speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment(片段)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.26.Theunderlinedword＂them＂inParagraph6referstoWelty’s_______.A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories【文章大意】文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。Welty是一位年纪比较大的作家，她来自密西西比。Welty的作品都是来自于现实的生活。26.D【解析】画线的them指代前面提到的人或物，根据＂Nowwebelieveyourstories＂可知，them指代的是Welty写的小说里面的故事，听了Welty和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小说里的故事都是来源于生活，故选D。【题型演练】1APakistanimanwhowasbornwithoutarmshasdevelopedintoahighlyskilledsnookerplayer.Inthegameofsnooker,playerstraditionallyuselongstickstohitcoloredballsintoholesattheendofatable.ButMuham-madIkramhaslearnedadifferentmethod.Heuseshischin(下巴)tohittheballsintotheholes.MuhammadIkramisoneofninechildren.Hedidnotreceiveaneducationandhisfamilyfacedstrugglesmeetingbasicneeds.Growingup,Ikramspentmuchofhistimewatchingpeopleplaysnooker,agamenoonedreamedhecouldeverplay.Hesayshedoesnotrememberexactlyhowtheideaofplayingstruckhim.Butatsomepoint,hestartedpracticingthegameinsecret.“Hewouldeagerlywatchotherboysplay.Hewouldkeepwishinghealsohadarmssohecouldplaylikethem,”saidhismother,RaziaBibi.“Thenhestartedusinghischin.”The32-year-oldlivesinSamundri,aruraltowninPakistan’sPunjabprovince.Hehasspenteightyearsperfectinghisgameandsaysheisnotafraidtotakeonanyplayers.“IhavemetverygoodsnookerplayerswhotellmeIamarealgeniusandIcanbringgreatfametoPakistan,”hetoldReutersTelevision.MianUsmanAhmedisco-owneroftheCuemasterSnookerClub.HesaysIkramwonseveralprizesinlocalcompetitionsoverthepasttwoyears.“Hewouldcometotheclubandaskifhecouldbeallowedtoplay.Wewouldlookathisarmsandfeelhewasunableto,”Ahmedsaid.“Heinsistedweallowhimtoprovehimself.Whenhedidthat,wesawhewasactuallyverygood.”Whenaskedwhathewouldsaytootherswithphysicaldisabilities,Ikramsaid,“Nooneshouldlosehope.”Headdedthathewouldonedayliketocompeteattheinternationallevel,hopefullywithgovernmentsupport.1.WhatpossiblycontributedtoIkram’sbecomingasnookerplayer?A.Theideaofsupportinghisfamily.B.Theencouragementfromhismother.C.Thehobbyofwatchingsnookergames.D.Thedesiretosetanexampletothedisabled.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutIkramfromPara.3?A.Hehasbroughtfametohiscountry.B.Hehaswonfirstprizeinlocalsnookergames.C.Hisskillsofplayingsnookerwerehighlythoughtof.D.Hismethodofplayingsnookershockedotherplayers.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeIkram?A.Kind-heartedandgifted. B.Inspiringanddetermined.C.Energeticandintelligent. D.Activeandoutgoing.4.WhatwasIkram’swish?A.Tobecomeaprofessionalsnookerplayer.B.Tocompeteininternationalsnookergames.C.Toreceiveeducationwithgovernmentsupport.D.Toopenasnookerclubdesignedforthedisabled.【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ikram用下巴练就了打台球的高超技能。1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Growingup,Ikramspentmuchofhistimewatchingpeopleplaysnooker,agamenoonedreamedhecouldeverplay.(在成长过程中，伊克拉姆花了很多时间观看人们打斯诺克，一种从未有人梦想过他会玩的游戏)”可知，Ikram看斯诺克比赛的爱好促使他成为了斯诺克选手。故选C项。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Whenhedidthat,wesawhewasactuallyverygood.(当他做到这一点时，我们看到他实际上非常出色)”可知，Ikram打斯诺克的技巧受到高度评价。故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段““IhavemetverygoodsnookerplayerswhotellmeIamarealgeniusandIcanbringgreatfametoPakistan,”hetoldReutersTelevision.(“我遇到过非常优秀的斯诺克选手，他们告诉我，我是一个真正的天才，我可以给巴基斯坦带来巨大的声誉，”他对路透社电视台说)”可知，Ikram在打斯诺克上天赋异禀。故选B项。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Headdedthathewouldonedayliketocompeteattheinternationallevel,hopefullywithgovernmentsupport.(他补充说，他希望有一天能参加国际比赛，希望能得到政府的支持)”可知，Ikram的愿望是参加国际斯诺克比赛。故选B项。2Vice-directorinEurope/DirectorUNUInstituteforEnvironmentandHumanSecurityDutyStation:Bonn,GermanyTheUnitedNationsUniversity(UNU)hasbeenathinktankforfairresearchonthepressingglobalproblemsofhumansurvival,conflictprevention,developmentandwelfare,forthepastfourdecades.UNUisre-cruitingaDirectorfortheUNUInstituteforEnvironmentandHumanSecurity(UNU-EHS)whowillmeanwhileserveasUNU’sVice-directorinEurope,dividinghis/hertimeequallybetweenbothpositions.TheInstitution:UNU-EHSaimstocarryoutresearchonrisksandadaptationrelatedtoglobalchange.TheInstitute’sresearchpromotespoliciesandprogrammestoreducetheserisks,whiletakingintoaccountthecon-nectionbetweenenvironmentalandsocietalfactors.Qualifications:TheDirectorshouldhaveacademicqualificationsthatlendtoUNU-EHSfameintheinter-nationalscholarlycommunity;guaranteescientificexcellence;andprovideleadershipandguidanceforactivitiesatUNU-EHSandUNU-ViE.Experience:Strongresearchbackgroundandpublicationsinareasrelatedtoaddressingrisksandsocietalchange.Demonstratedadministrationexperience.Successfulinfluencingofpolicymakers.Strongcontributionstoknowledgesharingcommunities.Stronginternationalfundraisingskillsandpastsuccessinsecuringsupportfrommultiplefunders.FluencyinEnglishisrequired.FluencyinGermanandofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNationsisdesira-ble.Applicationdeadline:12January2020Fulldetailsofthepositionandhowtoapply:https://unu.edu/about/hr5.What’stheaimoftheUNU?A.ProvidequalifiedgraduatesforUNorganizations.B.Researchfairwaystodealwithglobalproblems.C.Workoutpoliciesforgovernmentsandcountries.D.Lookintopositiveeffectofenvironmentalchanges.6.What’sthequalificationforthepostadvertised?A.Scientificexcellenceandleadershipabilities. B.GoodcommandofallUNofficiallanguages.C.Abilitiestopreventsocialregionalconflicts. D.AdequateknowledgeofUNUstructures.7.Whatkindofexperienceisrequiredforthepost?A.HavingtakenleadershipatUNU-EHSbefore.B.Havingorganizedresearchonalargepublicscale.C.Havingcontributedtosponsoringgovernmentevents.D.Havingsucceededraisingmoneyfromdifferentpeople.【答案】5.B6.A7.D【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了联合国大学要招聘的主任岗位的相关信息。5.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TheUnitedNationsUniversity(UNU)hasbeenathinktankforfairresearchonthepressingglobalproblemsofhumansurvival,conflictprevention,developmentandwelfare,forthepastfourdecades.(过去四十年来，联合国大学一直是对人类生存、预防冲突、发展和福利等紧迫的全球问题进行公平研究的智库)”可知，联合国大学的目标是研究处理全球问题的公平方法。故选B项。6.细节理解题。根据文章Qualifications中“TheDirectorshouldhaveacademicqualificationsthatlendtoUNU-EHSfameintheinter-nationalscholarlycommunity;guaranteescientificexcellence;andprovideleadershipandguidanceforactivitiesatUNU-EHSandUNU-ViE.(主任应具有使联合国大学环境卫生系统在国际学术界享有声誉的学术资格；保证科学卓越；为UNU-EHS和UNU-ViE的活动提供领导和指导)”可知，文章中招聘的职位资格需要有科学素养和领导力。故选A项。7.细节理解题。根据文章Experience中“Strongresearchbackgroundandpublicationsinareasrelatedtoaddressingrisksandsocietalchange.Demonstratedadministrationexperience.Successfulinfluencingofpolicymakers.Strongcontributionstoknowledgesharingcommunities.Stronginternationalfundraisingskillsandpastsuccessinsecuringsupportfrommultiplefunders.(在应对风险和社会变化方面有丰富的研究背景和出版物。有行政管理经验。政策制定者的有效影响力。为知识共享社区做出贡献。强大的国际筹款技能和过去成功获得多个资助者的支持)”可知，文章中的职位需要有成功地从不同的人那里筹款的经验。故选D项。3Inthefirsttermofcollege,ProfessorKellylecturedusinhisActing1classabouttheimportanceoftakingthebusinessofactingseriously.AsIpreparetotakeonmysenioryear,IthinkbackonthefirsttermandIconsidermyseriousnessandmylovefortheartoftheatre.I'mpleasedtosaythat,forthemostpart,mydeterminationremainsasstrongasever.EvenafterI'velearnedaboutthedifficultiesandtheheartbreakthatgowithworkingasanactor,Iknowthatitisstilltherightpathforme.SomethingProfessorKellysaidinthatfirstactingclasshasstuckwithmethroughtheselastthreeyears.Hesaid,"Everyactorchoosestoactfortheirownreasons—personallyIdoitbecauseIhaveto.Ihavetoperform.It'swholam."ForaslongasI'vebeenperforming,I'vewonderedhowtobestdescribewhyIdowhatIdo.ProfessorKellyansweredthatquestionformethatday.WhenIwaslittleandfirstimaginedwhatitwouldbeliketobearealactor,Iwouldimaginebeingknownaboutbymanypeoplesomeday.However,Ineveractuallywantedthat.Iactbecausenomatterwhatisgoingoninmylife，nomatterhowstressedIamwithwhat'shappeningoutsideoforduringpractices,whenI'monstage,I'mhomeandI'mme.Manyparentswillfeelworriedabouttheirchildren'schoosingtobeanactor.Somewillbesurprised.Myparentsarejustexceptions.TheyknewfromthestartthatnothingwasgoingtokeepmefromdoingwhatIlove.8.WhatdidProfessorKelly'swordsmaketheauthorrealize?A.Shedidactingoutoflove. B.Shereallyhadagiftforacting.C.Shewouldfacemanychallenges. D.Shemustworkhardtolearnacting.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?A.Imaginingbeinganactor. B.Beingonstage.C.Becomingfamousoneday. D.Beingdevotedtotheatre.10.Howdotheauthor'sparentsfeelaboutherchoice?A.Content. B.Sympathetic. C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.11.Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthetext?A.Whyshechoseacting. B.Whoinspiredhertoact.C.Howactingchangedherlife. D.Whatshelearnedaboutacting.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的表演求学经历告诉我们一个道理：你坚守一个职业的初心就是成为你自己。8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AsIpreparetotakeonmysenioryear,IthinkbackonthefirsttermandIconsidermyseriousnessandmylovefortheartoftheatre.”（当我准备进入大四的时候，我回想起第一学期，我意识到我对戏剧艺术的认真和热爱。）可知，Kelly教授的话让作者意识到自己学表演是出于热爱。故选A项。9.词句猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前句“Iwouldimaginebeingknownaboutbymanypeoplesomeday.”（我可以想象有一天会被很多人所了解。）可知，that指的是有一天变得有名。故选C项。10.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Myparentsarejustexceptions.TheyknewfromthestartthatnothingwasgoingtokeepmefromdoingwhatIlove.”（我的父母只是例外。他们从一开始就知道没有什么能阻止我做我喜欢的事情。）可知，作者父母对于自己的选择持赞同态度。故选B项。11.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ForaslongasI'vebeenperforming,I'vewonderedhowtobestdescribewhyIdowhatIdo.ProfessorKellyansweredthatquestionformethatday.”（自从我开始表演以来，我一直想知道如何最好地描述我为什么要做我所做的事。Kelly教授那天为我回答了这个问题。）及全文内容可知，文章作者讲述的是她选择表演的原因。故选A项。4Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎缩症）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.Hismother,SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwithadisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn'tmissoutonthefunthingsinlife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheCOVID-19started.HeandhismothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruary,justbeforethebordersclosed.Itwastheseventhandfinalcontinentoffhislist.Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalsocalluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaimtobe.WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren'tmanyonlineresourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilitiesexploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."12.WhatmadeCoryLeedecidetovisitallsevencontinents?A.Hismother'sexpectation.B.Histravellingexperiences.C.Hisdreamofhelpingothers.D.Hisobjectiveofmakingahistory.13.WhatworriesCorymostaboutatrip?A.Rentalfees.B.Localattractions.C.Accommodation.D.Transportation.14.WhydidCoryandhismotherwritethebook?A.Toenrichonlineresources.B.Torecordtravellingevents.C.Tohelppeoplewithspecialneeds.D.Tointroducewheelchairadventures.15.WhatcanwelearnfromCory'sstory?A.Nothingcanpreventadeterminedheart.B.Disabilitycanturnintoanopportunity,C.Travellingshapesapositiveattitude.D.Momisthecreatorofchildren'sdreams.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，从小被诊断为脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里在妈妈的爱护下坐轮椅游览了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。12.细节理解题。由第一段中的“Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.”（桑迪（妈妈）在他童年的暑假里带他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激动人心的经历激励他树立了一个终生的目标：游览所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心访问所有七大洲。故选B项。13.推理判断题。由第三段中的“AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.”（科里认为，坐轮椅旅行需要进行广泛的规划和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二个月开始他的研究，确保在这个地方有方便的交通选择。），可知科里因为身体原因