英语翻译abstractvsconcrete解析教学课件

Abstractvs.Concrete抽象与具体InEnglish,nominalizationoftenresultsinabstraction."Anexcessiverelianceonthenounattheexpenseoftheverbwill,intheenddetachthemindofthewriterfromtherealitiesofhereandnowfromwhenandhowandinwhatmoodthethingwasdone,andinsensiblyinduceahabitofabstractiongeneralizationandvagueness.(Gowers,E.1987.TheCompletePlainWords.Middlesex:PenguinBooks英语的抽象表达法(methodofabstractdiction)主要见于大量使用抽象名词。这类名词涵义概括,指称笼统,覆盖面广,往往有一种“虚”、“泛”、“暗”、“曲”、“隐”的“魅力”,因而用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。Thesignsofthetimespointtothenecessityofthemodificationofthesystemofadministration管理体制需要改革,这已经越来越清楚。ItisbecomingclearthattheadministrativesystemmustbemodifiedNoyearpassesnowwithoutevidenceofthetruthofthestatementthattheworkofgovernmentisbecomingincreasinglydifficult.行政管理工作已变得越来越困难了,每年都证明确实如此。EveryyearshowshowtrueitisthatThereseemstohavebeenanabsenceofattemptatconciliationbetweenrivalsects对立的派别似乎从未试图谋求和解。Therivalsectsseemnevertohavetriedmutualconciliation抽象表达法在英语使用相当普遍,尤其常用于社会科学论著、官方文章、报刊评论、法律文书、商业信件等文体。这种表达流行的原因如抽象思维被认为种高级思维(superiormind),是文明人的一种象征(markofcivilization)。随着科技和文明社会的进步,原有的感性表达方式已不足以表达复杂的理性概念,因而需要借助于抽象、概括的方法。此外些作者为了炫耀其思想深奥,而故弄玄虚、追随时尚,也嗒好抽象表达法。Theabsenceofintelligenceisanindicationofsatisfactorydevelopments没有消息即表明一切进展顺利。Nonewsisgoodnews.ahighdegreeofcarelessness,preoperativeandpost-operative,onthepartofsomeofthehospitalstaff,tookplace.医院某些医护人员在手术前后都非常粗心SomeofthehospitalstaffwereverycarelessbothbeforeandaftertheoperationThelackoffiguresmayprovetobeanobstacletotheefficiencyofthewholeoftheproposedstatisticalcontentoftheexercise·缺乏数据会使准确的统计变得很困难。LackoffiguresmaymakeitdifficulttoproduceaccuratestatisticsTheactualdateofthecompletionofthepurchaseshouldcoincidewiththeavailabilityofthenewf