老高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题2阅读七选五第3讲根据行文逻辑解题

第一部分专题二第3讲根据行文逻辑解题A(2022·甘肃省高三第一次高考诊断考试)ItwasJenniferWilliamsʼsmotherwhogotherinterestedinbooks.Shereadtoherthreechildreneveryday.“Notuntilwewenttokindergarten，”Williamstold,alocalnewssite.“Untilwewenttocollege.”WhenWilliams,now54,becameanelementaryschoolteacherandtutorinDanville,shewantedherstudentstofallinlovewithreadingjustasshehad.1ToWilliams,thesolutionwassimple：Givekidsbooks.In2017shegaveaway900usedchildrenʼsbooksoverthreedays.2“Iwaslike,ʼAnybodycoulddothat，ʼ”shesaid.“Iwantedtodosomethingbigger.”Soshesetanewgoalforherself：3Itsoundslikeanunreachablenumber,butasWilliamspostedonFacebook：“Donʼtcomplainintheseatsatasportsgroundifyouarenʼtwillingtoworkhardoutonthefield.”Soshegottowork,firstbypersuadingfriendstodonatebooksormoneytobuybooks.4Asquicklyasthebookscomein,Williamsgivesthemtolocalschools—freeofcharge—andalsosuppliesbookstolittlefreelibraries.Inthefouryearssheʼsbeendoingallthis,theBookLady,hasgivenawaymorethan78,000books—only922,000moretoreachhergoal!5Becauseitʼsextremelyimportantforkidstohavemorebookstochoosefromwhilereading.A．Andsheʼsnotslowingdown.B．Togiveawayonemillionbooks.C．IwasquiteproudofthebookIhadread.D．Mostpeoplewouldbesatisfiedwiththatnumber.E．Becomethepersonwhogivesawaythemostbooks.F．Then,asnewsspread,strangersstarteddonatingbookstoher.G．However,sherealizedthatsomekidshadlimitedaccesstobooks.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小学老师JenniferWilliams为缺书的孩子们筹集书籍的故事。1．G段尾题。根据下文“ToWilliams,thesolutionwassimple：Givekidsbooks.(对威廉姆斯来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。)”可知，空处与下文形成转折关系，提到了孩子们阅读时遇到的问题。G项：However,sherealizedthatsomekidshadlimitedaccesstobooks.(然而，她意识到一些孩子接触书籍的机会有限。)符合语境。故选G。2．D段中题。根据上文“In2017shegaveaway900usedchildrenʼsbooksoverthreedays.(2017年，她在三天内送出了900本用过的儿童书籍。)”可知，空处对上文的行为进行评价，D项中的“thatnumber”指代上文中提到的“900usedchildrenʼsbooks”。D项：Mostpeoplewouldbesatisfiedwiththatnumber.(大多数人会对这个数字感到满意。)符合语境。故选D。3．B段中题。根据上文“Soshesetanewgoalforherself(所以她给自己设定了一个新的目标)”根据下文“Itsoundslikeanunreachablenumber,butasWilliamspostedonFacebook：ʼDonʼtcomplainintheseatsatasportsgroundifyouarenʼtwillingtoworkhardoutonthefield.ʼ(这听起来像是一个不可达到的数字，但正如威廉姆斯在Facebook上发布的：“如果你不愿意在操场上努力锻炼，就不要在操场的座位上抱怨。”)”可知，她的目标是捐赠很多书。B项：Togiveawayonemillionbooks.(捐赠一百万本书。)符合语境。故选B。4．F段中题。根据上文“Soshegottowork,firstbypersuadingfriendstodonatebooksormoneytobuybooks.(于是她开始工作，首先说服朋友们捐书或出钱买书。)”可知，空处进一步说明捐赠书的来源，F项中的“Then”和上文中的“first”对应。F项：Then,asnewsspread,strangersstarteddonatingbookstoher.(后来，随着消息的传播，陌生人开始向她捐赠书籍。)符合语境。故选F。5．A段中题。根据下文“Becauseitʼsextremelyimportantforkidstohavemorebookstochoosefromwhilereading.(因为对于孩子来说，在阅读的时候有更多的书可以选择是非常重要的。)”可知，因为孩子们需要更多的书来进行选择，所以她没有放慢脚步，朝着目标前进，下文和空处形成因果关系，A项：Andsheʼsnotslowingdown.(而且她没有放慢脚步。)符合语境。故选A。B(2022·陕西省榆林市高三第一次模拟考试)Volunteeringmeanstocarryoutadutyorajobwithoutexpectingrepaymentorreward.Theconceptisverypopularinadvancedorrichcountries.Butinsomecountries,manypeoplelookatvolunteeringasawasteoftimeandeffort.6.Oneisimmediatelyseenasselflessandhelpfulwhenonevolunteerstohelpoutsomeonesuchasafriend,teacherorparent.7,whenyouhelpateachertocleantheclassroomorgetinvolvedinacleanlinesscampaignattheschoollevelorothercommunityprojects.Teachersandadultswouldlookatayoungpersonwhovolunteershisorhertimeforcertainactivitiesasmature,responsibleanddeservingofrespect.Inaddition,volunteeringwithanorganizationsuchasorphanages,communitycentersandothernon-profitorganizationsallowsyoutointeractwithsocietyatlarge.Inadditiontohelpingtheseorganizationscarryouttheirduties,younotonlygainexperiencebutcanlearnavarietyofskills.8.Eventhoughtheyarenotbeingpaid,throughvolunteeringtime,effortandskills,onewouldlearnmorethanwhatmoneycanbuy.9.Forexample,ifyouvolunteeryourtimeregularlyatacharityorganization,youwouldlearnhowtheorganizationworksandtheimportanceofteamwork,andotheressentialideasrelatedtotheday-to-dayoperationsoftheorganizations.Thus,withsomanybenefits,students,inparticular,shouldbeallowedtoparticipateinvolunteeractivities.10.A．YouwillfeelyouareproudB．YourstandingwouldbeliftedC．ThisisespeciallybeneficialtostudentsD．OneshouldactivelybeinvolvedinvolunteeringE．However,onecangainmanybenefitsfromvolunteeringF．TheycanlearnusefulinterpersonalandorganizationalskillsG．Volunteeringalsoexposesonetomanyinterestingideasandissues【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了做志愿者给学生带来的积极益处。6．E段尾题。根据前文“Butinsomecountries,manypeoplelookatvolunteeringasawasteoftimeandeffort.(但在一些国家，许多人认为志愿服务是浪费时间和精力的事。)”和第三段段首句“Inaddition,volunteeringwithanorganizationsuchasorphanages,communitycentersandothernon-profitorganizationsallowsyoutointeractwithsocietyatlarge.(此外，在孤儿院、社区中心和其他非营利性组织做志愿者，可以让你与整个社会进行互动。)”可知，首段尾句应承上启下，反驳有些人对志愿活动的错误观点，且引出下文阐明从事志愿活动的益处，E选项“However,onecangainmanybenefitsfromvolunteering(然而，一个人可以从志愿活动中收获良多)”符合文意，故选E。7．B段中题。根据后文“Teachersandadultswouldlookatayoungpersonwhovolunteershisorhertimeforcertainactivitiesasmature,responsibleanddeservingofrespect.(老师和成年人会认为那些自愿花时间参加某些活动的年轻人是成熟的、负责任的、值得尊重的。)”可知，空格处应列举自愿为老师及其他社会机构劳动带来的益处，B选项“Yourstandingwouldbelifted(你的地位将会得到提升)”符合文意，故选B。8．C段中题。根据前文“younotonlygainexperiencebutcanlearnavarietyofskills(你不仅能获得经验，还能学到各种技能)”可知，做志愿服务能使人成长，C选项“Thisisespeciallybeneficialtostudents(这对学生尤其有益)”承接上文语义，强调工作经验和技能提升对从事志愿服务的学生有更加重要的意义，符合文意，故选C。9．G段首题。根据前文“Inaddition,volunteeringwithanorganizationsuchasorphanages,communitycentersandothernon-profitorganizationsallowsyoutointeractwithsocietyatlarge.(此外，在孤儿院、社区中心和其他非营利性组织做志愿者，可以让你与整个社会进行互动。)”可知，该处也应表述志愿服务带来的益处；且根据后文“youwouldlearnhowtheorganizationworksandtheimportanceofteamwork,andotheressentialideasrelatedtotheday-to-dayoperationsoftheorganizations(你会学到组织是如何运转的，团队合作的重要性，以及其他与组织日常运作相关的本质思想)”可知，该段主要表述从事志愿服务会让你接触很多有趣的理念和问题，G选项“Volunteeringalsoexposesonetomanyinterestingideasandissues(志愿活动也使人接触到许多有趣的想法和问题)”符合文意，故选G。10．F段尾题。根据前文“Thus,withsomanybenefits,students,inparticular,shouldbeallowedtoparticipateinvolunteeractivities.(因此，有这么多的好处，尤其是学生，应该被允许参加志愿者活动。)”可知，该处建议学生群体尤其应当多参加志愿服务活动。F选项“Theycanlearnusefulinterpersonalandorganizationalskills(他们可以学到有用的人际交往和组织方面的技能)”承接上文语义，阐明学生参加志愿活动的意义，符合文意，故选F。C(2022·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三第二次模拟)Weallknowatleastonepersonshowsconfidenceandgrace(优雅)withoutworkingatit.11,makesuretoavoidthefollowingcommonbody-languageerrors.Slouching(佝背)Slouchingisahugeno-no.12.Itmaybecausedbyourhabitofsittinginfrontofcomputersforlongperiods,butassoonasyougetupfromyourchair,itʼstimetostraightenoutthatback.Trysquaringoutyourchestslightlywhilekeepingyourshouldersback.WeakHandshakingItʼsprogrammedinourmindstoconsidersomebodywithaweakhandshakeasuntrustworthy.Unfortunately,thereʼsnowayaroundit—youeitherhaveafirmhandshakeandappeartrustworthyoryoudonʼt.Itʼsnotagoodideatohaveacrushing(太用力的)handshake,either.13.RollingYourEyesThisistheclassicwayofshowingdiscomfortoranger.14,butyourpartnerwilldefinitelyfeeloffendedbyyourwayoflettingthemknowwhattheysaidisnʼtworthasecondthought.Leaning(倾斜)Back15.Itshowsthatyouʼrenotthreatening.However,thereʼsafinelinebetweenleaningbackrightandleaningbackwrong.Ifdoneincorrectly,youʼllappeartobeuninterestedinwhatyourpartnerhastosay.Itʼsbettertoplayitsafeandkeepastraightback.A．SotrytostandstraightB．IfyouwantyourbodytomakethesameimpressionC．SittingbackwardabitcanbegoodforyourconversationD．AllculturesaredifferentintermsofpropersocialconductE．Butitʼsoneofthemostcommonlymadebody-languageerrorsF．ItcanfeelgoodtorespondtoasillystatementbyrollingyoureyesG．Youcanrespondwithsimilaramountofpressurethatyourshakingpartnergives【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一些错误的肢体语言和纠正方法。11．B段中题。空格前“Weallknowatleastonepersonshowsconfidenceandgrace(优雅)withoutworkingatit.(我们都知道，至少有一个人不用努力就能表现出自信和优雅。)”，空格后“makesuretoavoidthefollowingcommonbody-languageerrors(一定要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误)”，说明空格处应表示如果你也想像人家那样就按照下面的做，B选项“Ifyouwantyourbodytomakethesameimpression(如果你想让你的身体给人留下同样的印象)”承上启下，说明如果想让自己也和别人一样优雅就要避免以下常见的肢体语言错误，因此B选项符合语境。故选B。12．E段中题。空格前“Slouchingisahugeno-no.(佝背是绝对不可以的。)”，空格后“Itmaybecausedbyourhabitofsittinginfrontofcomputersforlongperiods,butassoonasyougetupfromyourchair,itʼstimetostraightenoutthatback.(这可能是由于我们长时间坐在电脑前的习惯造成的，但一旦你从椅子上站起来，就该把背部拉直了。)”，空格处应说明佝背非常常见，接下来空格后解释原因，因此E选项“Butitʼsoneofthemostcommonlymadebody-languageerrors(但这是最常犯的肢体语言错误之一)”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。13．G段尾题。空格前“Itʼsnotagoodideatohaveacrushing(太用力的)handshake,either.(握手时用力过猛也不是个好主意。)”，空格处应表示正确的握手应该是怎么做，G选项“Youcanrespondwithsimilaramountofpressurethatyourshakingpartnergives(你可以用和你握手的同伴相同的压力来回应)”说明了握手的正确的力度，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境。故选G。14．F段中题。本段主题句是“RollingYourEyes(翻白眼)”，空格后“butyourpartnerwilldefinitelyfeeloffendedbyyourwayoflettingthemknowwhattheysaidisnʼtworthasecondthought(但你的同伴肯定会因为你让他们知道他们说的话不值得再想而感到被冒犯)”，but表转折，因此空格处是和“feeloffended”相反的内容，F选项“Itcanfeelgoodtorespondtoasillystatementbyrollingyoureyes(用翻白眼来回应一句愚蠢的话会让你感觉很好)”表示的内容和空格后的相反，翻白眼只是让自己感觉好，但是却给他人会有不好的感觉，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境。故选F。15．C段首题。空格后“Itshowsthatyouʼrenotthreatening.(这表明你没有威胁性。)”，因此空格处应提到一种让你看起来不那么有威胁性的动作，C选项“Sittingbackwardabitcanbegoodforyourconversation(向后坐一点对你的谈话有好处)”描述的往后坐的动作会让人看起来不那么有威胁性，且其中的“Sittingbackward”和小标题的“Leaning(倾斜)Back”相呼应，因此C选项引起下文，符合语境。故选C。D(2022·新疆维吾尔自治区普通高考第一次适应性检测)Trafficcongestionisaseriousproblemincitiesworldwide.Therearesimplytoomanyvehiclescompetingfortoolittlespace.ThecompanyTomTom,whichdoesresearchontrafficincitiesworldwide,estimatedthatin2015theaveragecommuterwasted100hoursduringtheeveningrushhouralone.Inadditiontowastingpeopleʼstime,trafficjamshavemanyothernegativeeffects.16.Trafficjamshavenegativeeffectsondrivers,citiesandtheenvironment.Tobeginwith,theycausestresstodrivers,whichmayleadtohealthproblemsorroadrage.17.Trafficcongestionwastesfuel,whichinturnproducesmorecarbondioxidethroughcarexhaustandcontributestothegreenhouseeffect.18,itisimportantforcitiesandgovernmentseverywheretotakestepstoreduceroadcongestion.Themostobvioussolutionsinvolveengineering.Thismeansbuildingmoreroadswithwiderlanessothatmorecarscantravelatthesametime.However,thecostsforengineeringsolutionsareextremelyhigh.Therefore,amorepopularsolutionisneeded.19.Forexample,ferries,cyclesandundergroundtrainsareincluded.Onesuggestionistoencouragepeopletocyclemore.Althoughcyclinghasobvioushealthbenefitsanddoesnotpollutetheair,itisnotpracticalineveryclimateandcanprovedangerousinheavytraffic.Overall,citiesareusingavarietyofmethodstotackletheproblemoftrafficcongestion.20.Weshouldencouragealternativeformsoftransportbecausetheyreducetheamountoftrafficontheroadsandalsohaveapositiveeffectontheenvironment.A．BecauseoftheseseriouseffectsB．OwingtoinconveniencesforsomepeopleC．ItwouldbetopromoteotherformsoftransportD．AnotherpossibilityistopersuadepeopletousebusesE．MostofthemhaveadvantagesaswellasdisadvantagesF.Moreover,trafficcongestionnegativelyaffectstheenvironmentG．Therefore,governmentseverywhereareworkinghardtofindsolutionstothisproblem【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了交通堵塞导致的一些消极影响以及解决交通堵塞的一些方法。16．G段尾题。根据上文“Inadditiontowastingpeopleʼstime,trafficjamshavemanyothernegativeeffects.(除了浪费人们的时间，交通堵塞还有许多其他的负面影响。)”可知，交通堵塞带来很多问题，因此需要寻找解决方法，空处和上文形成因果关系。G项：Therefore,governmentseverywhereareworkinghardtofindsolutionstothisproblem(因此，各国政府都在努力寻找解决这个问题的方法)符合语境。故选G。17．F段中题。根据上文“Tobeginwith,theycausestresstodrivers,whichmayleadtohealthproblemsorroadrage.(首先，它们给司机造成压力，这可能会导致健康问题