第二讲调整货物买卖国际惯例

2010Incoterms®2010（适用于各种运输方式类ExWorksCarriagePaidDeliveredAtTerminalDeliveredAtPlaceDeliveredDutyFreeOnBoardCostandFreightCost,Insuranceand《Incoterms®2010》对《INCOTERMS2000D删除，新增DAT、DAP11种贸易术语的含义。按照《Incoterms®2010》的解释，DATDeliveredAtTerminal外，DAP和DAT的差异并不明显。INCOTERMS2000Incoterms®2010每种贸易术语下的买卖双方各自的A1/B1“Provisionofgoodsinconformitywiththecontract/PaymentoftheA1/B1“Generalobligationsofthe（buyer”A2/B2“Licences,authorizations “Licences, securityclearancesandotherformalities”A3/B3“ContractsofcarriageandA3/B3“ContractsofcarriageandA4/B4“Delivery/TakingA4/B4“Delivery/TakingA5/B5“TransferofA5/B5“TransferofA6/B6“AllocationofA6/B6“AllocationofA7/B7“Noticetothebuyer/A7/B7“Noticetothebuyer/A8/B8“Proofofdelivery,transportdocumentorequivalentelectronicmessage”A8/B8“Deliverydocument/ProofofInspectionofgoods”Inspectionofgoods”A10/B10“Otherandrelatedcosts”《Incoterms®2010但这一原则的适用，要以双方都没有过失并且该货物已正式划归于合同项下为前提。11（DAT/DAP/DDP（FOB/CIF/CFR（FASFOBdefindinIncoterms®“FreeonBoard”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyeratthenamedportofshipmentorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel,andthebuyerbearsallcostsfromthatmomentonwards.RemarksontheaboveThisruleistobeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwayThesellerisrequiredeithertodeliverthegoodsonboardthevesselortocatersformultiplesalesdownachain(‘stringsales’),particularlycommoninthecommodityFOBmaynotbeappropriatewheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal.Insuchsituations,theFCAruleshouldbeused.thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.CIFdefindinIncoterms®“Cost,InsuranceandFreight”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel.Thesellernamedportofdestination.withthesellerortomakeitsownextrainsurancearrangements.RemarksontheaboveThisruleistobeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaywhenithandsthegoodsovertothecarrierinthemannerspecifiedinthechosenruleandnotwhenthegoodsreachtheplaceofdestination.atdifferentplaces.Whilethecontractwillalwaysspecifyadestinationport,itmightnotspecifytheportofshipment,whichiswhereriskpassestothebuyer.ThesellerisrequiredeithertodeliverthegoodsonboardthevesselortoThereferenceto“procure”herecatersformultiplesalesdownachain(‘stringsales’),particularlycommoninthecommoditytrades.CIFmaynotbeappropriatewheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal.Insuchcircumstances,theCIPruleshouldbeused.thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.CFRdefindinIncoterms®orprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel.ThesellermustcontractforandpaythecostsandfreightnecessarytobringthegoodstothenamedportofRemarksontheaboveThisruleistobeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaywhenithandsthegoodsovertothecarrierinthemannerspecifiedinthechosenruleandnotwhenthegoodsreachtheplaceofdestination.atdifferentplaces.Whilethecontractwillalwaysspecifyadestinationport,itmightnotspecifytheportofshipment,whichiswhereriskpassestothebuyer.ThesellerisrequiredeithertodeliverthegoodsonboardthevesselortoThereferenceto“procure”herecatersformultiplesalesdownachain(‘stringsales’),particularlycommoninthecommoditytrades.CFRmaynotbeappropriatewheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal.Insuchcircumstances,theCPTruleshouldbeused.thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.保费装运港船上买方装运港船上买方装运港船上卖方使用CIF术语应注意的问题组术语有一些相似之处。应扩大使用FCA、CPT和CIP。出口贸易使用集装箱海运时，对卖方而言采用FCA、CPT、CIPFOB、CFR、CIF术语更为有利。具体表现在以下几个方面：可以提前转移风险，减少卖方的风险责任。FCA、CPT、CIPFOB、CFR、CIF合的，应采用FCA、CPT、CIP。EF组装运术语未付地地式式式C组装运术语运费式地式式地式D组到达端端式式式《Incoterms®2010》适用范围只限于销售合同当事人的权利、义务中与交货有关的事顺利发展起了很大作用。CFR合同由买方投保，运输途中的风险由买方承担，卖方在货物装船后如不及时发装船通知，致使买方没投保，则运输途中的风险（。①由卖方承 ②仍按惯例由买方承CIF合同的货物在装船后因火灾被焚，应由 ①卖方负担损 ②卖方负责请求保险公司赔①CIF比