医学英语教程-生物医学：Unit 1 Hippocratic Oath

Unit1HippocraticOath,theMedicalIdealPartI.VocabularyStudyIntroductionPart:*NotethepronunciationofHippocratesandHippocratic**impart:tomakeknown,torevealinthetext.Shesaidshehadvitalinformationto~.Theoldmandecidedto~allhiswisdom/secret.impart(Para1,L4):(+obj)fml.Inothercontexts:1).togive(something,suchasaquality)toathingHerpresenceimpartedasenseofimportancetothemeeting.Theoilimpartsadistinctiveflavortothesauce.Thechemicalsimpartedabluishcolortothepaper.2).tomake(something)knowntosomeoneHehascleverwaysofimpartingknowledgetohisstudents.*WhowasHippocrates?*Background:theHippocraticCorpusSocrates(notesintextbook)Attributeto*1.把某事归因于某人〔某事〕Iattributeoursuccesstohiscorrectguidance.我把我们的成功归功于他的正确引导。Thecaraccidentwasattributedtofaultybrakes.这次车祸被认为是刹车失灵造成的。2.认为某作品出自某人之手WeattributedthissayingtoShakespeare.我们认为这句谚语出自莎士比亚之手。3.认为某事〔物〕属于某人〔物〕Somescientistsattributeintelligencetoants.有些科学家认为蚂蚁有智力FromIdealtoStandardGuidelinesSomewords:allbut*,transgress*,savefor*.*allbut(P3,Para1-L1):verynearly,almostWithoutyouthejobwouldhavebeenallbutimpossible.Wehadallbutgivenuphope.*Transgress(P3,Para6-L8):fml.todosomethingthatisnotallowed;todisobeyacommandorlawHewhotransgressesmustseekforgiveness.Therearelegalconsequencesforcompaniesthattransgresstherules.*savefor(P3,Para6-L8):notincluding;exceptfor(someoneorsomething)Theparkwasdesertedsaveforafewjoggers.Hewon’tgobackhometoseehisparentssaveforlackofmoney.ContemporarydilemmasWords:uphold,antiquated,PartII.ExtendedDiscussion1.Doyoubelievethereisaneedfortakinganoathbeforeenteringaprofession?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkthattheenforcementofthemedicaloathwillhelpreducethetensionbetweendoctorsandpatients?Whyisthat?3.Ifyouaretowriteanoathforthemodernmedicalstudents,whatwillyouputinthecontents?Readoutyourversionoftheoathinclass.LanguagePointsPartIII.SomeversionsoftheHippocraticOathVersion1.OriginaltranslatedintoEnglish:IswearbyApollo,thehealer,Asclepius,Hygieia,andPanacea,andItaketowitnessallthegods,allthegoddesses,tokeepaccordingtomyabilityandmyjudgment,thefollowingOathandagreement:Toconsiderdeartome,asmyparents,himwhotaughtmethisart;toliveincommonwithhimand,ifnecessary,tosharemygoodswithhim;Tolookuponhischildrenasmyownbrothers,toteachthemthisart;andthatbymyteaching,Iwillimpartaknowledgeofthisarttomyownsons,andtomyteacher'ssons,andtodisciplesboundbyanindentureandoathaccordingtothemedicallaws,andnoothers.Iwillprescriberegimensforthegoodofmypatientsaccordingtomyabilityandmyjudgmentandneverdoharmtoanyone.IwillnotgivealethaldrugtoanyoneifIamasked,norwillIadvisesuchaplan;andsimilarlyIwillnotgiveawomanapessarytocauseanabortion.ButIwillpreservethepurityofmylifeandmyarts.Iwillnotcutforstone,evenforpatientsinwhomthediseaseismanifest;Iwillleavethisoperationtobeperformedbypractitioners,specialistsinthisart.IneveryhousewhereIcomeIwillenteronlyforthegoodofmypatients,keepingmyselffarfromallintentionalill-doingandallseductionandespeciallyfromthepleasuresoflovewithwomenorwithmen,betheyfreeorslaves.Allthatmaycometomyknowledgeintheexerciseofmyprofessionorindailycommercewithmen,whichoughtnottobespreadabroad,Iwillkeepsecretandwillneverreveal.IfIkeepthisoathfaithfully,mayIenjoymylifeandpracticemyart,respectedbyallhumanityandinalltimes;butifIswervefromitorviolateit,maythereversebemylife.Version2:ClassicalVersion(AMA)IswearbyApollothePhysicianandAsclepiusandHygieiaandPanaceiaandallthegods,andgoddesses,makingthemmywitnesses,thatIwillfulfillaccordingtomyabilityandjudgmentthisoathandthiscovenant:Toholdhimwhohastaughtmethisartasequaltomyparentsandtolivemylifeinpartnershipwithhim,andifheisinneedofmoneytogivehimashareofmine,andtoregardhisoffspringasequaltomybrothersinmalelineageandtoteachthemthisart–iftheydesiretolearnit–withoutfeeandcovenant;togiveashareofpreceptsandoralinstructionandalltheotherlearningtomysonsandtothesonsofhimwhohasinstructedmeandtopupilswhohavesignedthecovenantandhavetakentheoathaccordingtomedicallaw,buttonooneelse.Iwillapplydieticmeasuresforthebenefitofthesickaccordingtomyabilityandjudgment;Iwillkeepthemfromharmandinjustice.Iwillneithergiveadeadlydrugtoanybodyifaskedforit,norwillImakeasuggestiontothiseffect.InpurityandholinessIwillguardmylifeandmyart.Iwillnotusetheknife,notevenonsufferersfromstone,butwillwithdrawinfavorofsuchmenasareengagedinthiswork.WhateverhousesImayvisit,Iwillcomeforthebenefitofthesick,remainingfreeofallintentionalinjustice,ofallmischiefandinparticularofsexualrelationswithbothfemaleandmalepersons,betheyfreeorslaves.WhatImayseeorhearinthecourseoftreatmentorevenoutsideofthetreatmentinregardtothelifeofmen,whichonnoaccountonemustspreadabroad,Iwillkeepmyselfholdingsuchthingsshamefultobespokenabout.IfIfulfillthisoathanddonotviolateit,mayitbegrantedtometoenjoylifeandart,beinghonouredwithfameamongallmenforalltimetocome;ifItransgressitandswearfalsely,maytheoppositeofallthisbemylot.(TranslationfromtheGreekbyLudwigEdelstein.FromTheHippocraticOath:Text,Translation,andInterpretation,byLudwigEdelstein.Baltimore:JohnsHopkinsPress,1943.)Version3:theLasagnaOath*Awidelyusedmodernversionofthetraditionaloathwaspennedin1964byDr.LouisLasagna,formerPrincipaloftheSacklerSchoolofGraduateBiomedicalSciencesandAcademicDeanoftheSchoolofMedicineatTuftsUniversity:Isweartofulfill,tothebestofmyabilityandjudgment,thiscovenant:Iwillrespectthehard-wonscientificgainsofthosephysiciansinwhosestepsIwalk,andgladlysharesuchknowledgeasisminewiththosewhoaretofollow.Iwillapply,forthebenefitofthesick,allmeasures[that]arerequired,avoidingthosetwintrapsofovertreatmentandtherapeuticnihilism.Iwillrememberthatthereisarttomedicineaswellasscience,andthatwarmth,sympathy,andunderstandingmayoutweighthesurgeon'sknifeorthechemist'sdrug.Iwillnotbeashamedtosay"Iknownot",norwillIfailtocallinmycolleagueswhentheskillsofanotherareneededforapatient'srecovery.Iwillrespecttheprivacyofmypatients,fortheirproblemsarenotdisclosedtomethattheworldmayknow.MostespeciallymustItreadwithcareinmattersoflifeanddeath.Ifitisgiventometosavealife,allthanks.Butitmayalsobewithinmypowertotakealife;thisawesomeresponsibilitymustbefacedwithgreathumblenessandawarenessofmyownfrailty.Aboveall,ImustnotplayatGod.IwillrememberthatIdonottreatafeverchart,acancerousgrowth,butasickhumanbeing,whoseillnessmayaffecttheperson'sfamilyandeconomicstability.Myresponsibilityincludestheserelatedproblems,ifIamtocareadequatelyforthesick.IwillpreventdiseasewheneverIcan,forpreventionispreferabletocure.IwillrememberthatIremainamemberofsocietywithspecialobligationstoallmyfellowhumanbeings,thosesoundofmindandbodyaswellastheinfirm.IfIdonotviolatethisoath,mayIenjoylifeandart,respectedwhileIliveandrememberedwithaffectionthereafter.MayIalwaysactsoastopreservethefinesttraditionsofmycallingandmayIlongexperiencethejoyofhealingthosewhoseekmyhelp.Version4:OathofMaimonides*"TheeternalprovidencehasappointedmetowatchoverthelifeandhealthofThycreatures.Maytheloveformyartactuatemeatalltime;mayneitheravaricenormiserliness,northirstforgloryorforagreatreputationengagemymind;fortheenemiesoftruthandphilanthropycouldeasilydeceivemeandmakemeforgetfulofmyloftyaimofdoinggoodtoThychildren.MayIneverseeinthepatientanythingbutafellowcreatureinpain.Grantmethestrength,timeandopportunityalwaystocorrectwhatIhaveacquired,alwaystoextenditsdomain;forknowledgeisimmenseandthespiritofmancanextendindefinitelytoenrichitselfdailywithnewrequirements.Todayhecandiscoverhiserrorsofyesterdayandtomorrowhecanobtainanewlightonwhathethinkshimselfsureoftoday.Oh,God,ThouhasappointedmetowatchoverthelifeanddeathofThycreatures;hereamIreadyformyvocationandnowIturnuntomycalling.(return)Version5:theDeclarationofG