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郜清(1985-),女,江苏南京人,主管药师,从事药品的调配工作。通讯作者:杜萍葛根注射液抗心肌缺血作用药理研究郜清1(江苏省中医院,江苏,南京,210029)顾燕2(江苏睿博医药有限公司,江苏,南京,211112)摘要:目的考察葛根注射液的抗心肌缺血作用。方法考察葛根注射液高中低剂量组对大鼠离体心脏左室峰压(LVSP)、冠脉流量(CF)及大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注后的LVSP、左室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、心率(HR)、CF的影响。结果葛根注射液可升高大鼠离体心脏心肌收缩力及冠脉流量;对离体心脏缺血再灌注导致的LVSP和LVEDP的升高、心率及冠脉流量的降低均有对抗作用。结论葛根注射液具有抗心肌缺血的作用。关键词:葛根注射液;大鼠;离体;抗心肌缺血PharmacologicalstudyonantimyocardialischemiaeffectofGegenInjectionGaoQing1(TheTraditionalChineseMedicineHospitalofJiangsuProvince,Nanjiang,Jiangsu,210029,China)GuYan2(JiangsuRuiBoPharmaceuticalCo.,Ltd.,Jiangsu,Nanjing,211112)Abstract:ObjectiveToinvestigatetheantimyocardialischemiaeffectofGegeninjection.MethodsDeterminethefirmlypressure(LVSP),coronaryflow(CF)ofratisolatedheartandLVSP,leftventricularenddiastolicpressure(LVEDP),heartrate(HR),CFofratisolatedheartwhichischemiaandreperfusioneffectofGegeninjectioninhigh,mediumandlowdosegroup.ResultsGegeninjectioncanincreasethemyocardialcontractilityandcoronaryflowinisolatedheartofrats.TheeffectofLVEDPandLVSPontheincreaseofheartrate,heartrateandcoronaryflowinisolatedheartischemiareperfusioninjury.ConclusionGegeninjectionhastheeffectofantimyocardialischemia.Keywords:Gegeninjection;rat;isolated;antimyocardialischemia葛根注射液由葛根提取纯化制备而成,葛根中含有异黄酮类、葛根苷类、三萜皂苷等成分,具有扩张血管、改善微循环、保护缺血组织和抗组织缺血再灌注损伤、减少急性缺血梗死面积等多种作用。[1-4]临床上葛根在心血管系统疾病治疗中发挥了重要的作用。[5]本文通过葛根对大鼠离体心脏及大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注的影响,考察其抗心肌缺血的作用。1.材料与方法1.1药物葛根注射液,每支10ml,按生药量计算为0.5g/ml,自制,批号:120201;丹参注射液,10ml/支,正大青春宝药业有限公司,批号:12081121.2动物清洁级SD大鼠,由南京医科大学提供。1.3试剂氯化钠(NaCl)、氯化钾(KCl)、氯化钙(CaCl2)、磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)、硫酸镁(MgSO4•7H2O)、碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)、葡萄糖(Glucose)均为分析纯。1.4仪器改良型Langendorff离体心脏灌流系统,4S离体血管灌流系统,Medlab-U/8c生物信号采集处理系统均购自南京美易科技有限公司;XYC型鼠断头器,淮北正华生物仪器设备有限公司。1.5实验方法1.5.1药物及试液的配置K-H液配制方法:取NaCl6.92g,KCl0.35g,CaCl20.14g,KH2PO40.16g,MgSO4•7H2O0.29g,NaHCO32.1g,Glucose2.0g,采用新鲜蒸馏水配制成1L的溶液。配制时NaHCO3经过充分的稀释再加入已经溶好的CaCl2中,边加边搅拌,以免产生混浊。含复方丹参注射液K-H液配制方法:取丹参注射液1ml,用K-H液配制成浓度为0.1%(v/v)为的溶液1L,为丹参注射液组。含葛根注射液K-H液配制方法:分别取葛根注射液(生药2g/ml)0.5ml、1ml、2ml,用K-H液配制为1L的溶液,制得药物浓度分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%(v/v),按生药量计算浓度分别为1mg/ml,2mg/ml,4mg/ml,分别作为葛根注射液低中高剂量组Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组。1.5.2对正常大鼠离体心脏的影响清洁级SD大鼠50只,体重300~350g,随机分为5组,每组10只。即为(1)正常对照组;(2)丹参注射液组,给药浓度0.1%;(3)葛根注射液Ⅰ组,给药浓度含葛根0.05%;(4)葛根注射液Ⅱ组,给药浓度含葛根0.1%;(5)葛根注射液Ⅲ组,给药浓度含葛根0.2%。大鼠断头处死,迅速取出心脏,心脏上连有约4mm主动脉,放入冷的K-H液中,挤净心脏中的残血,剪去心脏上连的结缔组织,迅速将心脏悬挂于Langendorff离体心脏灌流系统中,用K-H液逆行灌注(K-H液保持高度60~70cm,温度37±0.5℃,用95%O2和5%CO2饱和)。(1)组灌流30min,(2)~(5)组平衡灌流20min后按各组的浓度给药10min。用充满水的球囊插入左心室,Medlab-U/8c生物信号采集处理系统记录左室峰压(LVSP),定时收集流出的K-H液(即为冠脉流量CF)。记录K-H液灌注达到平衡点及给药后1、3、5、10min时的LVSP及CF,比较各组之间的差异。1.5.3对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注的影响清洁级SD大鼠60只,体重300~350g,随机分为6组,每组10只。分组方法同1.5.2。大鼠断头处死,迅速取出心脏,心脏上连有约4mm主动脉,放入冷的K-H液中,挤净心脏中的残血,剪去心脏上连的结缔组织,迅速将心脏悬挂于Langendorff离体心脏灌流系统中,用K-H液逆行灌注(K-H液保持高度60~70cm,温度37±0.5℃,用95%O2和5%CO2饱和)。(1)组灌流120min,(2)组灌流30min,停灌30min后再复灌60min,(3)~(6)平衡20min后按各组的浓度给药10min,停灌30min后复灌60min。用充满水的球囊插入左心室,Medlab-U8c生物信号采集处理系统记录左室峰压(LVSP)、左室舒张期末压(LVEDP)、心率(HR)等指标,定时收集流出的K-H液(即为冠脉流量CF)。记录K-H液停灌前、复灌后5、15、30、60min时离体心脏的LVSP、LVEDP、HR和冠脉流量,比较各组间的差异。1.6统计处理采用SPSS17.0进行数据分析。观测资料主要为计量数据,均通过正态性检验,文中以MEAN±SD描述之。多组多时点资料的比较为两因素重复测量方差分析,两两比较则为成组t检验(组间)和差值t检验(时点间)。显著性水准α=0.05。2.结果2.1对正常大鼠离体心脏的影响2.1.1对正常大鼠离体心脏LVSP的影响正常组大鼠离体心脏用K-H液灌流20min时均平衡,在20min到30min之间,LVSP无明显变化。葛根注射液各给药组在用K-H液灌流20min时均达到平衡,用含药K-H液灌流后LVSP均抬高,在给药后5min后略有下降。葛根注射液大剂量组对正常大鼠离体心脏的心肌收缩力具有增强作用。平衡点给药后的LVSP资料及统计结果详见表1。表1葛根注射液对正常大鼠离体心脏LVSP的影响(±S,单位mmHg)时点\组别A1:正常对照组A2:丹参组A3:葛根Ⅰ组A4:葛根Ⅱ组A5:葛根Ⅲ组T1:平衡点99.9±25.4100.0±27.698.7±29.899.8±27.2102.1±29.5T2:药后3分100.9±26.4100.6±26.9108.1±30.1113.9±27.3128.8±28.4T3:药后5分100.7±26.9100.9±24.5109.9±31.1116.2±28.8127.4±28.0T4:药后10分100.4±26.2100.3±22.8108.1±30.4113.7±28.3123.6±28.4整体分析F,P(HF系数:0.8264)组间比较1.001,0.417时点间比较13.906,0.000组×时点2.801,0.005组间比较t,PA1vsA2A1vsA3A1vsA4A1vsA5T10.004,0.9970.103,0.9190.015,0.9890.175,0.863T20.027,0.9790.565,0.5791.080,0.2942.275,0.035T30.017,0.9860.706,0.4891.249,0.2282.175,0.043T40.008,0.9940.605,0.5531.088,0.2911.902,0.073时点比较t,PA1A2A3A4A5T2vsT10.103,0.9200.056,0.9570.804,0.4421.277,0.2342.854,0.019T3vsT10.079,0.9390.110,0.9151.137,0.2851.416,0.1902.390,0.041T4vsT10.045,0.9650.032,0.9750.887,0.3981.197,0.2622.143,0.0612.1.2对正常大鼠离体心脏CF的影响葛根注射液各组在K-H液灌流达到平衡点后用含药K-H液灌流的10min内,冠脉流量显著增加,经整体分析,组间及时点间以及交互作用分组×时间,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两两组间比较及各时点和药前比较,也多有显著性差异(P<0.05),详细资料及统计结果见表2。表2葛根注射液对正常大鼠离体心脏CF的影响(±S,单位ml)时点\组别A1:正常对照组A2:丹参组A3:葛根Ⅰ组A4:葛根Ⅱ组A5:葛根Ⅲ组T1:药前7.1±1.07.1±0.37.0±0.97.3±1.07.0±0.9T2:药后3分7.2±1.08.4±0.68.0±0.98.5±1.28.7±0.7T3:药后5分7.1±1.18.4±0.78.3±0.78.7±1.08.5±0.9T4:药后10分7.2±0.98.5±0.78.0±0.98.6±1.18.8±0.7整体分析F,P(HF系数:0.8061)组间比较3.150,0.023时点间比较132.170,0.000组×时点9.087,0.000组间比较t,PA1vsA2A1vsA3A1vsA4A1vsA5T10.047,0.9630.190,0.8520.453,0.6560.230,0.821T23.235,0.0051.861,0.0792.631,0.0173.831,0.001T33.174,0.0052.906,0.0093.440,0.0033.110,0.006T43.656,0.0021.962,0.0653.147,0.0064.436,0.000时点比较t,PA1A2A3A4A5T2vsT10.333,0.7478.439,0.0002.828,0.0202.811,0.0206.581,0.000T3vsT10.006,0.9966.282,0.0004.262,0.0023.272,0.0103.954,0.003T4vsT10.249,0.8096.514,0.0002.469,0.0363.236,0.0105.605,0.0002.2对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注的影响2.2.1对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注LVSP的影响整体分析知组间差异不显著,仅时间及交互作用有统计学意义。两两比较并结合数据来看:模型组大鼠离体心脏复灌后LVSP显著上升,然后逐渐下降,和正常组大鼠离体心脏的LVSP相比,在复灌后5min及复灌后15min,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。葛根注射液各组均可以降低复灌时LVSP的升高,但与模型组比较,无统计学差异。结果详见表3。表3葛根注射液对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注LVSP的影响(±S,单位mmHg)时点\组别A1:正常对照组A2:模型组A3:丹参组A4:葛根Ⅰ组A5葛根Ⅱ组A6葛根Ⅲ组T1:停灌前100.4±26.399.7±23.0104.2±27.2108.2±30.8113.9±28.3123.6±28.2T2:灌后5分98.0±31.3192.1±88.7149.0±46.1139.9±56.5179.0±46.9175.0±55.4T3灌后15分98.6±33.1162.8±65.1105.7±18.2120.4±32.6139.1±54.3121.1±29.5T4:灌后30分95.0±34.2110.1±32.8106.5±30.5110.4±20.3106.2±35.4125.7±50.9T5:灌后60分93.6±34.293.3±25.393.9±29.098.5±26.198.3±33.0126.9±68.0整体分析F,P(HF系数:0.7132)组间比较1.760,0.137时点间比较41.201,0.000组×时点3.829,0.000组间比较t,PA1vsA2A1vsA3A1vsA4A1vsA5A1vsA6T10.067,0.9470.313,0.7580.606,0.5521.097,0.2871.895,0.074T23.161,0.0052.888,0.0102.051,0.0554.534,0.0003.822,0.001T32.780,0.0120.594,0.5601.486,0.1552.015,0.0591.608,0.125T41.011,0.3250.792,0.4381.225,0.2360.717,0.48253.000,0.131T50.024,0.9810.016,0.988226.300,0.7250.313,0.7581.384,0.183时点比较t,PA1A2A3A4A5A6T2vsT10.247,0.8114.438,0.0023.028,0.0142.215,0.0544.256,0.0023.221,0.010T3vsT10.167,0.8714.021,0.0030.184,0.8581.152,0.2791.476,0.1740.224,0.828T4vsT10.529,0.6091.125,0.2900.184,0.8580.201,0.8450.562,0.5880.140,0.892T5vsT10.596,0.5660.803,0.4430.847,0.4190.966,0.3591.205,0.2590.211,0.8372.2.2对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注LVEDP的影响整体分析知,组间和时间及其交互作用均显著(P<0.05);两两比较并结合主要数据来看:模型组大鼠离体心脏复灌后LVEDP迅速升高,然后维持在较高水平,和正常对照组相比,具有显著的统计学差异。葛根注射液中、高剂量组均可对抗心脏缺血再灌注导致的LVEDP的升高,和模型组相比,差异多有显著(P<0.05)。结果详见表4。表4葛根注射液对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注LVEDP的影响(±S,单位mmHg)时点\组别A1:正常对照组A2:模型组A3:丹参组A4:葛根Ⅰ组A5葛根Ⅱ组A6葛根Ⅲ组T1:停灌前5.7±2.07.1±2.45.9±1.25.6±2.98.0±2.86.8±2.5T2:灌后5分6.1±2.143.1±12.027.9±10.838.7±11.628.4±11.715.7±5.0T3灌后15分6.1±1.932.2±11.613.3±5.428.1±11.112.0±5.613.6±5.7T4:灌后30分6.1±1.926.0±9.413.3±4.225.2±10.413.3±5.113.9±5.8T5:灌后60分6.8±3.423.4±6.714.5±5.922.3±8.114.0±5.013.0±5.4整体分析F,P(HF系数:0.4620)组间比较16.332,0.000时点间比较178.403,0.000组×时点17.040,0.000组间比较t,PA1vsA2A1vsA3A1vsA4A1vsA5A1vsA6T11.420,0.1730.270,0.7900.090,0.9292.102,0.0501.078,0.295T29.588,0.0006.283,0.0008.714,0.0005.947,0.0005.587,0.000T36.994,0.0003.972,0.0016.182,0.0003.151,0.0063.939,0.001T46.553,0.0004.927,0.0005.703,0.0004.192,0.00144.600,0.001T56.992,0.0003.569,0.00250.100,0.0003.755,0.0013.080,0.006时点比较t,PA1A2A3A4A5A6T2vsT10.578,0.57815.222,0.0008.592,0.00010.470,0.0007.558,0.0006.121,0.000T3vsT10.556,0.5928.872,0.0005.771,0.0008.919,0.0002.808,0.0203.880,0.004T4vsT10.476,0.6458.116,0.0008.524,0.0008.768,0.0003.298,0.0094.109,0.003T5vsT11.062,0.31610.166,0.0006.673,0.0008.077,0.0003.504,0.0073.850,0.0042.2.3对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注HR的影响整体分析结果同前。两两比较并结合数据来看,主要为:模型组大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注后心率明显减慢,和正常对照组相比,在复灌后5min及复灌后15min差异显著(P<0.05)。葛根注射液各组均可以对抗离体心脏缺血再灌注导致的心率降低,葛根低剂量组和模型组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果详见表5。表5葛根注射液对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注HR的影响(±S,单位beats/min)时点\组别A1:正常对照组A2:模型组A3:丹参组A4:葛根Ⅰ组A5葛根Ⅱ组A6葛根Ⅲ组T1:停灌前280.8±53.5235.4±76.6262.0±28.2282.3±60.1296.3±44.1278.9±43.4T2:灌后5分275.6±55.282.4±28.7123.5±46.2115.5±49.7106.2±42.8129.6±57.6T3灌后15分275.2±57.4149.7±59.4239.2±63.6252.2±67.5237.2±90.1240.4±65.3T4:灌后30分273.2±55.9171.4±73.7228.9±57.6241.6±60.5269.0±57.3251.0±41.8T5:灌后60分267.9±55.1183.9±58.2219.5±56.0235.0±52.4250.6±48.9234.5±51.0整体分析F,P(HF系数:0.6953)组间比较4.650,0.001时点间比较227.908,0.000组×时点11.496,0.000组间比较t,PA1vsA2A1vsA3A1vsA4A1vsA5A1vsA6T11.536,0.1420.983,0.3380.062,0.9510.709,0.4870.087,0.931T29.812,0.0006.677,0.0006.813,0.0007.669,0.0005.788,0.000T34.802,0.0001.329,0.2000.819,0.4231.123,0.2761.264,0.223T43.479,0.0031.746,0.0981.214,0.2400.164,0.872129.800,0.329T53.316,0.0041.948,0.06750.300,0.1890.741,0.4681.408,0.176时点比较t,PA1A2A3A4A5A6T2vsT10.241,0.8157.557,0.00010.794,0.0007.488,0.00013.104,0.0007.774,0.000T3vsT10.254,0.8053.857,0.0041.501,0.1671.158,0.2772.052,0.0701.788,0.107T4vsT10.385,0.7092.679,0.0252.187,0.0572.025,0.0741.231,0.2501.739,0.116T5vsT10.567,0.5851.867,0.0953.102,0.0131.974,0.0802.501,0.0342.379,0.0412.2.4对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注CF的影响整体分析结果同上。两两比较结果主要为:模型对照组大鼠离体心脏复灌后冠脉流量逐渐降低,在复灌15min以后和正常对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。葛根注射液各组在停灌时冠脉流量均显著高于模型对照组(P<0.05);缺血再灌注后,葛根注射液各组冠脉流量均显著高于模型组(P<0.05),表明葛根注射液对抗缺血再灌注后冠脉流量的降低。结果详见表6。表6葛根注射液对正常大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注CF的影响(±S,单位ml)时点\组别A1:正常对照组A2:模型组A3:丹参组A4:葛根Ⅰ组A5葛根Ⅱ组A6葛根Ⅲ组T1:停灌前7.2±0.97.2±0.68.5±0.78.0±0.98.6±1.18.8±0.7T2:灌后5分7.0±0.96.5±2.06.8±1.06.4±1.06.7±1.17.1±0.9T3灌后15分6.8±0.94.8±1.06.1±1.15.1±1.26.0±1.16.3±0.6T4:灌后30分6.7±0.94.3±0.85.4±1.14.8±1.25.3±1.06.1±0.8T5:灌后60分6.3±1.03.2±0.84.6±1.64.1±0.94.4±1.04.8±0.8整体分析F,P(HF系数:0.7737)组间比较4.676,0.001时点间比较297.560,0.000组×时点8.160,0.000组间比较t,PA1vsA2A1vsA3A1vsA4A1vsA5A1vsA6T10.000,1.0003.649,0.0021.982,0.0633.087,0.0064.367,0.000T20.707,0.4890.417,0.6811.369,0.1880.667,0.5130.247,0.807T34.822,0.0001.576,0.1323.533,0.0021.807,0.0881.560,0.136T46.368,0.0002.912,0.0094.090,0.0013.297,0.0048.900,0.118T57.705,0.0002.855,0.0117.600,0.0004.289,0.0003.766,0.001时点比较t,PA1A2A3A4A5A6T2vsT10.503,0.6271.663,0.1315.231,0.0014.129,0.0034.124,0.0034.949,0.001T3vsT11.063,0.3157.197,0.0006.976,0.0007.159,0.0005.689,0.00011.692,0.000T4vsT11.420,0.18912.325,0.0007.908,0.0009.656,0.0008.149,0.0009.831,0.000T5vsT12.418,0.03915.594,0.0009.482,0.00011.876,0.00010.590,0.00014.762,0.000讨论葛根经

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