新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题2第3 根据逻辑关系化解阅读七选五 (含解析)

第3讲根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子之间常常有并列、递进、顺承、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，理解阅读七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文章或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，并做出正确的判断。A．(2020·浙江7月·片段)MymotheralsoencouragedmetomakewhatIwanted.Itriedmakingtoycarswithcardboardboxesandconstructingbuildingsfromleftovercardboardandbitsofwoodmyfathergaveme.Whenmymothersawmycreations，shetoldmehowcreativemydesignswere.34Ilearnedalotabouthowtoextendthelifeofobjectsandtransformthemintosomethingnewanduseful.Itwasatrait(特点)othersfoundhelpful，andIsoonhadfriendswhowantedtomakethingswithme.A．Iwasn’taloneanylonger.B．Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.C．Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.D．Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.E．AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.F．Thus，Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.G．Myolderbrothercouldn’tbebotheredtoplaywithme.34．答案F解析空格前提到妈妈看到作者创作的东西说作者的设计很有创意，空格后提到作者延长了物体的生命，把它们变成一些新的、有用的东西。由此可知，空格处与上文构成因果关系，F项“因此，我开始了我毕生对制作东西的兴趣”符合语境。B．(2019·全国Ⅱ·片段)Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample，youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan’tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.40Youshouldreassessyourgoals，andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.A．Thiscanaffectyourwork.B．Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C．However，thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D．Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E．Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F．Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G．Withoutmotivation，youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.40．答案C解析空前一句说你可能想当飞行员，但因为视力不够好，你的目标不能实现。再结合空后一句中的“reassessyourgoals...setafreshgoal”可知中间要填的这句话与前面是转折关系，故C项“然而，这不应该让你气馁”符合语境。AWhenKenwasinhighschool，hedidwellandhadastrongsenseofaccomplishment.However，whenhewasincollege，hisgradeswerenotsooutstandingamongacademicallygiftedstudentsmuchlikehimself，ifnotbetter.Oftenhefeelsdepressedandiswithdrawingfrompeopleandactivities.1Theliteraturegenerallyhasfoundthatmanyofustendtoletourself-worthbecontingentuponexternalevents(suchasacademicsandphysicalattractiveness)．2Asaresult，ourfeelingsaboutourselvescanendupbeinginthehandsofothers.Obviously，weallwanttoexperiencethingsthatmakeusfeelgood.Butwhenwehavecontingentself-worth，wemightengageinactivitiesthatmakeusfeelworthywhileavoidingactivitiesthatmakeusfeelunworthy.3Insteadofworkinghardtomeetourgoals，we’lltrytoavoidfailure.Andifwedofailoneday，wemightabandonourgoals，losemotivation，ormakeexcusestohelpourselvesfeelbetter.4Ifourself-worthiscontingentuponbeingsuccessfulatwork，wemightonlychoosejobsthatareeasy.Thatwayweneverfailandensurethatwealwaysknowthatweareworthy.Or，maybeweonlythinkwe’reworthyifweweighlessthan130pounds.Wemightundereatorengageinunhealthyeatingpracticesjusttomakesurethatwefeelgood.Self-worthisanimportantpsychologicalconstructthatnotonlyaffectshowwethinkaboutourselvesbutalsohasanimpactonourpsychologicalhealthandfunctioning.So，giveuptheideaofseekingapprovalfromothers.5Doingsoremindsustobefullyawareofwhoweare.A．Thatmayposepotentialdangers.B．Unfortunately，heisnoexception.C．Whenourself-worthdependsonthose，it’sunstable.D．Let’scitesomeexamplestofurtherdemonstratethat.E．Let’sdiveintothecausetolearnmoreaboutself-worth.F．Actually，he’salwaysbeenlabeledas“otherpeople’schild”．G．Instead，learntobaseyourself-worthoninternalcontingencieslikevirtuesandfaiths.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何正确地建立自我价值感。)1．答案B解析根据本空前三句和本空后一句可知，上文提到了Ken因为不突出感到沮丧，后文则说许多人倾向于让我们的自我价值取决于外部事件，可见Ken的情况并不是例外，是普遍存在的。故B项符合语境。2．答案C解析根据本空前一句和后一句可知，本句承接上文说明让我们的自我价值取决于外部事件的后果或影响，C项中those指代上文中externalevents。故C项符合语境。3．答案A解析本空前两句和本空后两句提到我们会参加让我们感到有价值的活动，而避免让我们感到不值得的活动，故本句承接上文说明这一倾向的结果：会带来潜在的危险，本句和上文构成因果关系。故A项符合语境。4．答案D解析根据本空后四句可知，后文主要通过一些例子来论证上文提到的“人们会参加让自己感到有价值的活动，而避免让自己感到不值得的活动”，本空和后文构成例证关系，故D项符合语境。5．答案G解析根据本空前两句可知，上文的建议是重视自我价值感，放弃寻求他人认可的想法，即本句与上文构成转折，指出“反之，把你的自我价值建立在内在事件上”，G项中的internalcontingencies呼应第二段中的externalevents，故G项符合语境。BWhat’sReallyGreen?Mostofusareawarethatwemusttakecareoftheenvironment，andthemajorityofustakestepstosaveenergyandreducewasteandpollution.Butrecently，some“greentruths”havebeenshowntobeonlyhalftrue，orevencompletelyfalse.1Papershoppingbagsarebetterthanplasticones.Plasticbagscauselitterandareadangertowildanimals，whichmistakethemforfood.Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown，butmuchlesstimeforpaper.Becauseofthis，peoplethinkpaperbagsarethebetterenvironmentalchoice.However，makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.2Infact，bothkindsofbagsarebadfortheenvironment.So，takeareusablebagwithyouwhenyougoshopping.3Itseemslikecommonsense：eatinglocalfoodshouldbebetterfortheenvironment，becauseitdoesnotneedtobetransportedlongdistancesandkeptcoldduringtransport.4Itistheproductionoffood，notitstransport，thatusesmostoftheenergyandproducesmostofthegreenhousegases.Insomecases，localproducemighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthanproducegrownalongwayaway—eventakingintoaccountitstransport.It’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.5Ifyouspendmorethaneightminutesinashower，you’lluseasmuchwaterasinabath—about50litresofwater.Therefore，thekeyistokeepyourshowertimeasshortaspossible.Environmentalawarenessisnowpartofdailylife.Butit’sworthcheckingcommonideasandopinionstoseewhat’sreallygreen.A．Sosaynotoplasticbags.B．Herearesomecommonones.C．Unfortunately，itisnotthatsimple.D．Eatinglocalfoodisgoodfortheenvironment.E．Theprocessalsoproducesmoregreenhousegases.F．It’stimethatwetookmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.G．Itdependsonhowlongyouspendintheshowerandhowlargeyourbathis.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕什么是真正的绿色环保这个话题展开，讲述了一些常见的环保误区，揭示了这些常识下真正的环保意义所在。1．答案B解析分析语境可知，设空句起到引起下文的作用。后文黑色小标题提到的是一些环保常识误区，因此B项总结了下文内容，且“somecommonones”与后文提及的例子相呼应，符合语境。2．答案E解析本空前一句提及制作纸质购物袋的过程消耗能源大，是纸质购物袋的不环保之处，因此可推知，设空句应继续讲述其不环保之处。E项提到了另一个不环保之处：产生更多温室气体，“Theprocess”与前文提及的过程相呼应，“also”与前文形成并列关系，符合语境。3．答案D解析设空句为该部分标题，后文对其起到解释说明的作用，因此根据本空后一句可推知，该部分的错误常识为“吃当地食物是环保的”。D项符合语境。4．答案C解析分析语境可知，本空前一句提到了吃当地的食物对环境更好是因为不需要长途运输和冷藏，而本空后一句提到了破坏环境的关键在于食品的生产而不是运输，因此设空句应是一个转折句，以起到承前启后的作用。C项符合语境。5．答案G解析本空后一句讲到淋浴时间超过八分钟所用的水与泡澡一样多，用举例的方式讲述了淋浴环保的关键在于时间问题。而设空句作为该段首句，应是论点句。G项符合语境，主语“It”指代该部分标题“It’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath”，后文是对G项的进一步解释说明。强化练(二十)阅读七选五(3)A(2022·河南六市三模)Whatcausesdepression？AccordingtotheMayoClinic，someofthe“causes”maybeduetotroubledrelationships.Othersmaybedepressedasaresultofthreatsofbullyingorcyberbullying.1Evenworse，physicalandmentalabuseornaturalandhuman-causeddisasterscanimpactone’smentalstate.2Othersymptomsaredifficultyconcentrating，feelingoverwhelmingstress，missingschool，desiretobealone，etc.Ifyoumatchalotofthefeelingsabove，thenyoumaybedepressedandshouldseekhelp.3Regularsleep，exercise，andhealthyeatingaresomesimplewaystoliftthefogofdepression.Trytosaygoodthingstoyourselfandothers.4Youcanwritesomethingencouragingorpositiveonpost-itnotesandhangthemupinaprivateplace.Youcanalsosaythingslike，“Makesomeonesmile&dotheextramile！”or“Haveanattitudeofgratitude！”Takeabreakfromlifewithabikeride，awalkinthepark，ahikeinnature.Youcandowhatevermakesyouhappy：writeajournalaboutyourfeelings，listentoupliftingmusicorplayvideogames.Finally，trynottowaituntilthelastminuteonprojects.5Eventhoughyoumightnotwanttotalkaboutit，makeyourselftalktoatrustedfriend，counselororfamilymember，etc.You’llbesurprisedtoknowthattherearemanyotherpeopleouttherewhoaredepressed.A．You’dbetterconsultyourdoctor.B．Somepeoplemayignoretheirfeelings.C．Whatcanyoudotodealwithdepression?D．Becauseitwillcontributetomorestress.E．Trytostaypositive，andthinkofyourblessingsinlife.F．Long-termstressfromschoolorworkcanalsocausedepression.G．Someofthesymptomscouldbenoteating，sleeping，orexercisingenough.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了导致抑郁的原因以及缓解抑郁的方法。)1．答案F解析根据本空前三句和后一句可知，上文列举了一些导致抑郁的原因，后文则描述了更严重的情况，可知本句仍在说明导致抑郁的原因，故F项符合语境。2．答案G解析根据本空后两句可知，本句是在描述抑郁的一些症状，G项中Someofthesymptoms与后文Othersymptoms构成并列结构。故G项符合语境。3．答案C解析根据本空后两句可知，后文提到了改善抑郁的方法，故C项符合语境。4．答案E解析根据本空前一句和后两句可知，此处提到了写下积极的话，即保持乐观，故E项符合语境。5．答案D解析根据本空前三句可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明不要拖延的原因：会造成更多的压力。故D项符合语境。BWiththepandemicinfullswing，mostcollegesanduniversitieshavetransitionedalmostalloftheirclassesonline.Somestudentspreferonlineclasses.Theylovehavingtheflexibilitytoworkfromhomeandtoworkinthehourstheywanttowork.1Theyfindworkingfromhomedifficultandtheylearnbetterfromin-personinstruction.Anumberofstudentsfallinbetween.Whicheveryouprefer，youcanalwaysfindwaystodobetter.Readonforsometipsforactingonlineclasses.Readthesyllabus(教学大纲)．Whenyouneedtoknowsomething，donotblindlygothroughyouronlineeducationportalclickingtabsorgoaheadandemailyourprofessor.Waituntilyouhavelookedthroughthesyllabusforyouranswers.Thesyllabusissupposedtobeyourguidefortheentiresemester.2Itshouldtellyoubasicallyeverythingthatyouneedtoknowfortheclass.Anytimeyouhaveaquestionaboutyourschedule，checkthesyllabus.Notethedeadlines.Inanonlineclass，itisincrediblyeasytoletdeadlinescreepuponyouorevenpassyoubybeforeyouevenknowit.Somakesurethatyounotethedeadlines.Howeveryouneedtodothatorfinddoingthattobemosteffective，doit.Findwritingthingsdowninyourplannermosteffective？Doit.Makingremindersonyourphone？Doit.Fillingitoutinyouronlinecalendar？Doit.3Askquestions.Whilestrategynumberonetoldyouthatyoushouldnotimmediatelyemailyourprofessorwithaquestion，thatwasinregardstoaskingquestionsthatcouldbeansweredbythesyllabus.4Professorsdonotactivelywanttheirstudentstofail，soiftheycanreasonablyhelpyouout，theywill.5Butknowingthatandpreparingforitishalfthebattle.UsingthesetipsandstrategieswillhelpyounavigatetheworldofonlinelearningandkeepyourGPAandmorale(士气)upevenwhentherestoftheeventsoftheworldmightbebringingyoudown.A．Onlineclassescanbetough.B．Itisfuntoattendonlineclasses.C．Theythinktheycansavemuchtimeandenergy.D．Otherstudentsreallystrugglewithonlineclasses.E．Ittellsyouwhatyouaredoing，when，why，andhow.F．Youdonotwanttofailaclassbecauseyouneverturnedanythingin.G．However，youshouldn’tbeafraidtomessageyourprofessorwiththoughtfulquestions.eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。本文就如何上好网课给出几点建议。)1．答案D解析根据前文“Somestudentspreferonlineclasses.”可知，本段陈述学生对于网课的不同态度，D项中的“Otherstudents”与前文“Somestudents”对应，并与前文构成对比关系。2．答案E解析本空上一句指出“syllabus(教学大纲)”的指导作用，E项中的It指代syllabus，承接上文，继续说明它的作用。3．答案F解析根据前文“Howeveryouneedtodothatorfinddoingthattobemosteffective，doit.”可知，当确定某种方法是有成效的时候，应该当即去做，F项中“neverturnedanythingin”与前文中的“doit”表述意思相反，但都旨在说明应该记得在截止日期前完成课程的作业。4．答案G解析本空上一句指出如果能通过教学大纲解决的问题就不必向教授提出，G项与前文形成转折，指出可以提出有意义的问题，呼应段落标题“Askquestions(提问题)”。5．答案A解析根据本空后一句中的But可知，设空处与后文是转折关系，且最后一段作为总结段，应该紧扣“网课”主题，A项在句意上符合与后文的转折关系，也呼应了主题。CHowdoesitfeelwhenyousolveyourproblembyyourself?Thingsmaynotalwaysgoasplanned，butbeingresourcefulcanhelpyoustaycalmandworkyourwayoutoftrickysituations.Beingresourcefulmeansfindingsmartandcreativewaystosolveaproblem，usingwhateverresourcesyouhaveatthetime.1Theycanalsobeanythingelsethat’suseful，suchasinformation，adviceoryourownexperience.Italsomeanstrustingyourinstincts，theabilityyou’rebornwith，ratherthanthroughtrainingandbeingconfidentaboutyourabilitytofacechallenges.Aresourcefulpersonisnottheonegettingcrossorpanickingwhensomethinggoeswrong.They’rethinkingabouthowtosolvetheproblem.2Whenwelearntosolveproblemforourselvesratherthanimmediatelygoingtoothersforhelp，itcanhelptobuildourconfidence，helpusfeelmoreindependent，andfeelbetteraboutmakingdecisions.Beingresourcefulmaynothelpyouavoidproblems，butthinkingcreativelyabouthowyoucandealwiththemwillmakeyoufeellessstressedandmorepreparednexttime.3Thiscanboostself-esteem，thatis，howyoufeelaboutyourself.Whenyou’refacingachallenge，trytofocusontheactualproblemratherthanhowyoufeelaboutit.Thinkaboutwhereandwhenithappenedandwhatthecausesare.Next，thinkupasmanysolutionstotheproblemasyoucan.4Finally，reviewwhathasandhasn’tworked，soyou’reequippedtodealwithasituationnexttime.Andremember，ifyouhaveatrickyproblemthatyou’reunabletosolve，thenaskatrustedadultforhelp.5A．Youalsolearnwhatyou’regoodat.B．Hereishowyoucanbemoreresourceful.C．Thesemaybepracticalthingslikepensandpaper.D．Nooneisexpectedtosolveallproblemsbythemselves.E．Resourcefulnessisaskillthat’sgoodforyouinlotsofways.F．Theycanbefamousmottosthatalwaysinspireustomoveon.G．Weighupwhat’sgoodandbadabouteachoneandchoosethebest.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。1．答案C解析上一句提到可以使用拥有的任何资源，下一句提到“也可以是其他有用的东西”，可知设空处需要首先列举出一些资源。C项与下文的“also”相互呼应。故选C。2．答案E解析设空处在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。由空后内容可知，本段主要说的是“beingresourceful”带来的好处，E选项意思就是resourcefulness能带来很多好处，符合语境。故选E。3．答案A解析该段说的是“beingresourceful”会对你有好处，所以空处应继续说明其好处，A项符合语境，空后的This指的是A项中的“learnwhatyou’regoodat”。故选A。4．答案G解析该段在讨论遇到困难时，要专注于问题本身，并列出了具体的步骤。上一句讲的是“尽可能多地想出一些解决措施”，G项(挨个衡量它们的好坏，选出最佳的一个)符合此处语境，承上启下。故选G。5．答案D解析上一句表示自己实在解决不了，你还可以求助其他人，D项承接上文，进一步解释了这一点。故填D。D(2022·陕西西安模拟)Throwingapartyisagreatwaytogetallyourfavoritepeopleinoneplaceformusic，conversation，ofcourse，food.1，whenyouaretheoneplanningtheparty.Nottoworry;yourplanningwillbeabreezeifyouplanaheadoftimeandtaketheprocesscoursebycourse，fromappetizers(开胃菜)todesserts.Askyourguestsaboutfoodrestrictionsbeforeyoustartpreparingfood.Forguestswithfoodallergiesorondiets，askthemtomaketheirownrestrictionsclear.Andaskifanyguestsarevegetariansandprovidedishesaccordingly.2.Chooseanappetizer-onlymealforarelaxinginexpensiveparty.You’llsavemoneyandpreparationtime，andbeabletosocializemorewithyourguests.3，soguestsaren’tthrownoffwhennomaincourseisserved.You’llwanttoofferyourguestssomevarietyoftasteinyourappetizersforamoresatisfyingmeal.4.Ifyourappetizersarejustthestartofamoreformalmealwithamaincourse，youkeepitabitsimpler.Planjustafewhandfulofchipsandacoupleofcookiesforyoureachguest，ifyou’reservingamaincourseafterwards.Prepare