新高考英语二轮复习课时练第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第2 题型突破推理判断题 (含解析)

第2讲题型突破——推理判断题推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。它所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。根据近几年高考真题来看，推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度为高频考点，而推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象为低频考点。选项特征技法一隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。设问方式1．Whatcanweinferfrom...？/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2．Whatcanwelearnabout...？/Whatdoweknowabout...?3．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?解此类试题常用“推敲关键词句”法。解题流程如下：(2022·全国甲·D片段)EverywhereinSydneythesedays，changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号)，andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald，thecity’sofficialhistorian，toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s，Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself，”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决)．”Ontheotherhand，beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry，”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians，whentheycametoAustralia，brought2，000yearsoftheirculture，theGreekssome3，000years，andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright，butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.34．WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A．Itislosingitstraditions.B．Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C．Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D．Itisbecomingmoreinternational.答案A解析推理判断题。依据题干定位细节，即上文第一段中的“...traditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald，thecity’sofficialhistorian，toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s，Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast，includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.”，揣摩此细节可知，ShirleyFitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。35．Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B．Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C．Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D．Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.答案A解析推理判断题。依据题干定位细节，即上文第二段中的“Ontheotherhand，beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.”和最后一段中的“Heisright”，揣摩此细节可知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。技法二观点态度题——“忠于措辞”定选项所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问方式1．Whydidtheauthorliketo...？/Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...？/Whydoestheauthormention...?2．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeto...？/Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto...?解此类试题常用“忠于措辞”法。解题流程如下：(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers，educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.答案A解析观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推知，作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。技法三写作意图题——文体特点推意图各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。设问方式1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto________.(2)Thepurposeofthetextisto________.(3)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(4)Theauthorofthestorywants/intendstotellusthat________.2．某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto________.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to____________________________________________.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto________.(4)Inwritingparagraph1，theauthoraimsto________.解此类试题常用“文体特点推意图”法。解题流程如下：(2020·天津·D片段)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature，Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance：curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together，thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo，allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent，“Why?Why?Why？”Fortunately，curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman，”saidMencius(孟子)，“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner，toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark，tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople，andnewideas，withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem，wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen，hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart？Modestly，soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts，writingbooksonflowerarrangementHoweveryoustart，rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow，foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51．Inwritingparagraph1，theauthoraimsto________.A．proposeadefinitionB．makeacomparisonC．reachaconclusionD．presentanargument答案D解析写作意图题。本文是一篇议论文，按照“文体特点推意图”法，此篇议论文开篇明义，阐述了作者对成功人士必备品质的看法，下面各段都是围绕着这一看法展开的，故选D项“提出论点”。技法四文章出处题/读者对象题——内容细节巧判断文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。设问方式1．Wherecanthetextbefound?2．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?3．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?4．Whomaythetextbeintendedfor?5．Whoisthepassagemainlywrittenfor?6．Whoarethemostpossiblereadersofthepassage?解此类试题常用“内容细节巧判断”法。解题流程如下：(2021·全国甲·A片段)Takeaview，theLandscape(风景)PhotographeroftheYearAward，wastheideaofCharlieWaite，oneoftoday’smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear，thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcornersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria，England...TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire，England...23.Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Inahistorybook. B．Inanovel.C．Inanartmagazine. D．Inabiography.答案C解析文章出处题。依内容判出处，本文主要介绍了“Takeaview”年度风景摄影师大赛的背景以及2011年和2014年的获奖作品信息，结合选项可知，这类文章应该出自艺术杂志。故选C。AHaveyoueverspenthalfanhoursearchingtheInternetwhich，asyoufindoutafterwards，lastedthreehours，oropenedabookshortlyafterbreakfastandalittlewhilelaternoticedthattheroomwasgettingdarker?Mostpeoplecanrememberexperiencingsuchastate.Yourmindwasn’twandering；youweretotallyfocusedandconcentratedonthatactivity，tosuchanextentthatyouwerenotevenawareofyourself.Psychologistscallthesefullyabsorbingexperiencesflowstates，whichwerediscoveredandnamedbyaworld-famouspsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.HiscelebratedbookFlow：ThePsychologyofHappinessbecameaninstantbest-seller，makingitswaytothetopself-helpclassics.Thestateofflowhappensunderveryspecificconditions—whenweencounterachallengethatistestingforourskills，andyetourskillsandcapacitiesaresuchthatitisjustaboutpossibletomeetthischallenge.Soboththechallengeandtheskillsareathighlevels，stretchingusalmosttothelimit.Ifchallengesexceedskills，onecanbecomeanxious.Ifskillsexceedchallenges，weusuallybecomebored.Neitherofthesetwocasesresultinflow.Whatisalsointerestinginflowisthealmosttotalabsenceofemotionsduringtheactualprocess.Oneseemstobealmostbeyondexperiencingemotions，mostlikelybecausetheawarenessofselfisnotpresent.Mihalyhimselfisalsoverymuchawareofthepotentialnegativeimpactoftheflow.Onephilosopheroncedescribeshisownexperienceofflow：“WhenIgettotallyinvolvedintheconversation，Iamnotawareofmyself，theworldaroundorthepassageoftime.Sometimes，Imaybecomeaddictedtothatexistence，unwillingtocopewithotherdailyroutinesoflife，likeforgettingdinner，andsayinggoodbyetomychildren.”eq\x(语篇解读这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“心流状态”的含义，发生的条件以及缺点。)1．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toofferageneralbackgroundofthetopic.B．Tomakeanoveralloutlineforthepassage.C．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.D．Toclarifythedefinitionofthetopic.答案C解析写作意图题。根据第一段内容和后文内容可推知，第一段的目的是为了引出“心流状态”这一文章主题。故选C。2．Inwhichofthefollowingexperiencescanweenter“flowstate”？A．Adoptingadog.B．WatchingTV.C．Playingchess.D．Arguingwithothers.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可推知，四个选项中只有“下棋”可以考验我们的技能，而我们的能力也可以应对这个挑战，能让我们进入“心流状态”。故选C。3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．Thestateofflowislittleconditional.B．Geniusesatnormalschoolsoftengetbored.C．Challengesathighlevelspushustothelimit.D．Skillsplaythemostimportantpartinflow.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句可推知，天才属于技能超过了挑战，所以在普通学校经常感到无聊。故选B。4．Whydoesthewriterquotethephilosopher’swords?A．Toshowthedrawbacksoftheflow.B．Tostressthevalueofself-awareness.C．Tounderlinetheabsenceofemotions.D．Toindicatethedifficultyofenjoyingtheflow.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mihalyhimselfisalsoverymuchawareofthepotentialnegativeimpact...sayinggoodbyetomychildren.”可推知，作者引用哲学家的话是为了表明“心流状态”的缺点。故选A。B(2022·河南许平汝联盟模拟)TheSouthPolehasbeenwarmingatmorethanthreetimestheglobalaverageoverthepast30years，accordingtoresearchledbyOhioUniversityprofessorRyanFogt，andKyleClem，whoisacurrentpostdoctoralresearchfellowinclimatescience.Accordingtothestudy，thiswarmingperiodwasmainlydrivenbynaturaltropical(热带的)climatevariabilityandwasmostlikelystrengthenedbyincreasesingreenhousegases.ClemandhisteamanalyzedweatherstationdataattheSouthPole，aswellasclimatemodelstoexaminethewarmingintheAntarcticinterior(内陆)．Theyfoundthatbetween1989and2018，theSouthPolehadwarmedbyabout1.8℃overthepast30yearsatarateof＋0.6℃perdecade—threetimestheglobalaverage.ThestudyalsofoundthatthestrongwarmingovertheAntarcticinteriorinthelast30yearswasmainlydrivenbythetropics，especiallywarmoceantemperaturesinthewesterntropicalPacificOceanthatchangedthewindsintheSouthAtlanticnearAntarcticaandincreasedthedeliveryofwarmairtotheSouthPole.TheysuggesttheseatmosphericchangesalongAntarctica’scoastareanimportantmechanismdrivingclimateanomalies(异常事物)initsinterior.ClemandFogtarguethatthesewarmingtrendswereunlikelytheresultofnaturalclimatechangealone，stressingtheeffectsofaddedwarmingrelatedtohumanactivitiesontopofthelargetropicalclimatesignalonAntarcticclimatehaveworkedtogethertomakethisoneofthestrongestwarmingtrendsworldwide.“Fromtheverybeginning，KyleandIworkedverywelltogetherandwereabletoaccomplishmoreasateamthanwewereindividually，”Fogtsaid.“Wehavepublishedeveryyeartogethersince2013，withoneofourcontinuingcollaborationsbeingtheannualStateoftheClimatereports.OurworkonthisprojecttogethereachyearultimatelyledtothispublicationdocumentingthewarmingattheSouthPole.However，mostimportantlyformyfamilyandme，apartfrombeingafantasticscientistandcollaborator，Kyleisalsoconsideredasoneofourclosestfriends.”eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极地区气温异常增高及其原因。)5．WhatisthemajorcauseoftheSouthPole’swarmingaccordingtotheresearch?A．Theweatherstation.B．Lackofwinds.C．Increasesofgreenhousegases.D．Naturaltropicalclimatechange.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，研究发现南极气温异常升高主要是因为热带地区的气候变化。故选D。6．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThetropicalclimatesignalsintheAntarcticinterior.B．Theeffectofhumanactivitiesonthewarmingtrends.C．ThedetailedexplanationfortheSouthPole’swarming.D．Theunpleasantconsequencesofnaturalclimatechange.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，太平洋西部热带地区海洋温度升高改变了靠近南极洲的南大西洋风向，进而向南极输送了更多温暖的气流，由此造成了南极变暖。因此可知，本段主要是对南极变暖的详细说明。故选C。7．WhichofthefollowingdoesFogtmostprobablyagreeon?A．Cooperationisvaluedinscientificresearch.B．Gettingsciencepaperpublishedisdifficult.C．Friendshipismoreimportantthanscience.D．Familysupportplaysakeyroleinscience.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Fromtheverybeginning，KyleandIworked...documentingthewarmingattheSouthPole.”可知，Fogt和好友的研究成果的取得离不开他们的合作。由此可知，Fogt非常看重科学研究中的合作。故选A。8．Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A．Achemistrytextbook.B．Asciencemagazine.C．Atravelbrochure.D．Asciencenovel.答案B解析文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了南极地区气温异常增高及其成因，这属于科学研究的范畴。因此，本文最有可能出自“科学杂志”。故选B。强化练(四)推理判断题(1)AHaveyouevernoticedthatsomepeoplecaneatwhattheywantandstayinshape，whileotherscarefullywatchwhattheyeatandstillputonweight？Howfrustrating!However，scientistsarebeginningtobelievethatsomepeoplegettheabilitytostaythinfromtheirparents.Scientistssaythatwhensomepeopleeat，theirbodieswillnaturallystoretheexcessenergyfromfoodasfat.Thesepeoplegainweightiftheyeatmorethantheyneedeachday.Meanwhile，otherpeopleeatmorethantheyneedbuttheirbodiesareableto“burnoff”theextrafoodwithoutmakingfat，sotheyrarelyhaveweightproblems.Toshowthatthisistrue，scientistshaveexperimentedonlaboratorymice.Theygavethemiceaspecialdietwithalotoffat.Somemicegainedweightwhiletheothermicestayedthin，eventhoughbothgroupsofmiceatethesameamountoffoodandgotthesameamountofexercise.Scientistsconcludedthatweightgainseemedtobeinfluencedbygeneticfactors.Theyalsobelievetheyhavenowidentifiedthegenesthatmaycausethistendency.Thesegenes，accordingtothescientists，getpasseddownthegenerations.Armedwiththisknowledge，theybelieveitmaybepossibletodevelopmedicinesthatcantargetthegenesandstoppeoplefromgainingweight.Thestudyofweightgainisbecomingmoreimportantasthenumberofpeoplewhoareoverweightcontinuestogrow.IntheUnitedStates，overseventypercentofthepopulationhaveweightproblems.Thismeanstheyareatriskofillnessessuchashighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Currentmedicinesforweightcontroldonotworkverywellbecausetheycanhaveserioussideeffects，suchasheartproblems.However，ittakesalongtimetodevelopandthoroughlytestnewdrugs.Therefore，despitethisbreakthroughinthestudyofweight-lossdrugs，scientistsandhealthprofessionalsallagreethatcurrentlythebestwaytocontrolweightgainistohaveahealthy，balanceddietandanactivelifestylewithdailyexercise.Thiswillnotonlyhelppeopleavoidbecomingoverweight，butalsohelpthemstayhealthyandenergetic.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家们通过实验研究了人们体重增长的原因并建议我们养成健康的生活方式。1．Accordingtothescientists，whydosomepeoplegainweighteasily?A．Becausetheirgenescausethetendency.B．Becausetheirbodiesdonotmakefat.C．Becausetheirbodiesstoreenergyfromfoodasfat.D．Becausetheyeatmorethantheyneedeachday.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，体重增加是受到了遗传因素的影响。故推知有些人容易增加体重是因为他们的基因造成了这种趋势。故选A。2．Whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?A．Theydidtheexperimenttofindthegenesthatstoppeoplefromgainingweight.B．Theydidtheexperimenttofindthereasonwhypeoplegainweight.C．Theydidtheexperimenttoshowtheimportanceofhealthyfood.D．Theydidtheexperimenttoshowtheimportanceofregularexercise.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容和第三段首句可知，科学家们是为了寻找人们体重增加的原因，证明他们的判断是正确的，做了这个实验。故选B。3．Whatmayleadtohighbloodpressureaccordingtothestudy?A．Thebalanceddiet. B．Theweightproblems.C．Thelackofexercise. D．Thelackofdrugs.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，体重问题会导致高血压。故选B。4．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraphofthetext?A．Toinformusofserioussideeffectsoftheweight-lossdrugs.B．Tointroduceabreakthroughoftheweight-lossdrugs.C．Toadviseustodevelopahealthylifestyle.D．Toencourageustodevelopandtestnewdrugs.答案C解析写作意图题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，科学家们认为均衡的饮食和积极的生活方式和日常锻炼是保持健康的最佳方式。由此推知，最后一段的目的是建议我们养成健康的生活方式。故选C。B(2022·安徽蚌埠三模)ZhangFan，36，amovievisualeffectsdesignerwhoreturnedtoBeijingfromNewZealandforworklastyear，wassurprisedbytheimprovementtothecity’sairquality.“IrememberthesmellintheairandthefrequentsmoggydaysbeforeIleftin2013，aftergettingajobofferfromafilmcompanyinNewZealand，”hesaid.Lastyear，aChinesecompanyofferedZhangamorepromisingposition，sohereturned，sayingthathecouldfindmoreopportunitiesinhislineofworkinBeijingthanelsewhere.InadditiontorapideconomicdevelopmentintheChinesecapital，hesaidthemostimpressivechangeisthelocalairquality.“PeoplediscussedairpollutionalotwhenIwasinBeijingpreviously.Now，itseemsthatthetopichasdisappearedcompletely，aseverydayisgoodintermsofairquality，”Zhangsaid.“TheskyinBeijingthesedaysissoclear.”OnJan.4，themunicipalauthoritiesinBeijingannouncedacomprehensivesuccessinimprovingairquality，withthecity’sannualaverageconcentrationofPM2.5intheairfallingto33microgramspercubicmeter，andozone(臭氧)concentrationdroppingto149mcgpercubicmeterlastyear.YuJianhua，spokesmanfortheBeijingMunicipalEcologyandEnvironmentBureau，saidatanewsconference，“ThisisamilestoneforBeijing’shardworkinfightingairpollutionandalsomeansthatthecityhasmetitsairqualitytargetoutlinedinthe14thFive-YearPlan(2021－2025)aheadofschedule.Beijinghasdemonstratedtotheworldoverthepast20yearsthatamegacitywitharapidlyincreasingGDP，vehiclecount，populationandenergyconsumptioncanmoveforwardtocutairpollutioneffectively.ThePM2.5reductionoverthepastfewyearshassurpassedthatofdevelopedcountriesduringthesameperiod.”AccordingtotheBureau，thecity’saverageconcentrationofPM2.5droppedby63percentlastyearfrom2013，anaverageannualreductionofabout8percent.Thecityexperienced288daysofgoodairqualitylastyear—upfrom112daysin2013—andjusteightdaysofheavyairpollution.Thisachievementiscleartoseeandexciting，butithasnotbeeneasywork.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在政府有力的措施和百姓的努力下，北京近些年的空气质量有了极大改善。5．WhydidZhangFanreturntoBeijing?A．Hewastiredofhislifeabroad.B．Hehasadeepaffectionforthecity.C．Thecity’sairqualityhasimproved.D．Agoldenchancewasofferedtohim.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lastyear，aChinesecompanyofferedZhangamorepromisingposition，sohereturned...hislineofworkinBeijingthanelsewhere.”可知，ZhangFan得到了一个很好的工作机会，所以回到了北京。故选D。6．Howdothemunicipalauthoritiesshowtheimprovementinthecity’sairquality?A．Byusingexamples.B．Byusingfigures.C．Byofferingexperimentalfindings.D．Bycitingpersonalexperience.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，市政府主要通过列数据的方式来展示空气质量的提升。故选B。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mega”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Huge. B．Rich.C．Civilized. D．Noted.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“witharapidlyincreasingGDP，vehiclecount，populationandenergyconsumption”可知，北京GDP增速快、汽车数量迅速上升，同时人口剧烈增长还伴随着大量的能源消耗，由此推知“mega”意指北京是一个超级大都市。故选A。8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Business. B．Fashion.C．Environment. D．Entertainment.答案C解析文章出处题。第一段通过具体的事例来引入本文的主题——北京的空气质量；第二段政府宣布空气质量改善取得成功；以及第二三四段通过数据表明了北京的空气质量改善的情况。综上可知，本篇文章可能出现在报纸的环境栏目。故选C。C(2022·河南安阳重点高中模拟)Youmighthaveevernoticedhowsomepeoplecaneffortlesslytalktoanyonetheymeet，nomatterhowdifferenttheirbackgroundsare.Oryoumayhaveseenthatonepersonwhoalwaysoffendssomeone，nomatterwhatthetopicofconversationis.Thesetwosituationsdescribehowwecandifferinourabilitiestointeract，getalongwith，andrelatetoothersaroundus.Inthesamewaythatwevaryintraditionalacademiccompetencies，wecanvaryinhowsociallycompetentweare.Afteryearsofacademicresearchanddevelopment，thissocialabilityisnowcommonlyreferredtoas“socialintelligence”．Socialintelligenceistheabilitytounderstandotherpeople，howtheywork，whatmotivatesthem，andhowtoworkcooperativelywiththem.Itisarelationship-basedconstructthatcentersonthewayweunderstandothers，interactwithothers，andpresentourselvestoothers.Asanexample，youwouldnotspeakinthesamewaytowardyour70-year-oldmotherasyouwouldtoyour16-year-olddaughter.Inourworkinglives，wecomeacrossdifferentsocialgroupsincludingthosefromdifferentcountries，varyingagegroupsandculturalidentities.Beingabletoacknowledgeandunderstandpeople’sdifferentbackgroundsisakeywaytoconnectwiththem.Ourabilitytonavigatesuccessfullythroughourlivesreliesheavilyonourlevelsofsocialintelligence.Itcanaffecttherelationshipsweformwithourpartnersandchildren，thefriendshipcirclesthatwebuild，andourabilitytoprogressinourcareersandambitions.Giventheimportanceofsocialintelligenceinmultipleaspectsoflife，itisthereforeinourbestinteresttobetterunderstandtheconceptofsocialintelligenceandtakethefollowingwaystoimproveit.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“社交智力”这个概念以及人们在社交智力上是有差异的。9．Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedtoshow?A．Academicresearchvariesfrompersontoperson.B．Creativecompetenciesarecrucialtoone’sresearch.C．Therearedifferencesinpeople’ssocialintelligence.D．People’ssocialabilitiesdependontheirbackgrounds.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后三句可推知，本段主要展示了“社交智力”这个概念以及人们在社交智力上是有差异的。故选C。10．Whydoestheauthorusetheexampleofa70-year-oldmotheranda16-year-olddaughter?A．Tosincerelypresentafact.B．Tofurtherclarifyaconcept.C．Toclearlyshowanattitude.D．Tofinallydrawaconclusion.答案B解析写作意图题。根据第二段第一、二句话可推知，本段在介绍“社交智力”这个概念，所以后面举70岁母亲和16岁女儿的例子是为了进一步阐述这个概念。故选B。11．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A．Ourrelationshipcirclesshouldbeenlarged.B．Betterunderstandingaconceptisimportant.C．Itisreallydifficulttoachieveone’sambition.D．Socialintelligencehasgreateffectsonourlives.答案D解析段落大意题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，本段主要介绍了社交智力水平会影响人们与伴侣和孩子之间的关系、建立的友谊圈以及在事业和抱负上取得进步的能力。由此可知，我们可以了解到社交智力对我们的生活有很大影响。故选D。12．Whatmaybetalkedaboutfollowingthelastparagraph?A．Howtodefinesocialintelligence.B．Howtoclassifysocialintelligence.C．Howtoimprovesocialintelligence.D．Howtodealwithsocialintelligence.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，因为社交智力对我们的生活很重要，人们应该采取以下的措施来提高它。由此推知，接下来的文章就要介绍如何提高社交智力。故选C。强化练(五)推理判断题(2)AOnMonday，XuMengtaowonherfirstOlympicgoldinwomen’saerials(空中技巧)atthe2022BeijingWinterGames.ItwasnothardtoseewhatitmeantforXu：Whenthescore108.61cameupwitha“1”byhername，shepointedone，thentwofingerstotheskyandletoutascream.“Xuisoneofthehandfulofwomentoconsistentlytrythehigh-risktripleflips(三周空翻)overtheyears，”saidAmericanAshleyCaldwell，anothertriple-flipenthusiastwhofinishedfourth.“Whiletripleflipsarenotunheardofamongthewomen，thelistofathleteswhohavetriedthemconsistentlyisshort.AtthelasttwoOlympics，onlyfourofthe12finaliststriedtripleflipsinthefinalround.”Women’saerialsisasportfullofrisk-takersbutalltherisksareverycalculated.Sincethecompetitionsgothroughaseriesofqualifyingandelimination(淘汰)roundsthatincludeonlyonejumpeach，onlyaselectfewovertheyearshavebeenwillingtogiveupthecertaintyofasolidscorewithadoubleflipforthetripleflips.Xudoesn’tadoptthestrategyandkeepstryingthetripleflips.“Itaddsextrasomemightsayunnecessaryrisktotheearlyrounds，”Xuoncesaid.“ButI’mOKsacrificingsomegoodcompetitionresultstomakethesportlookgood.”FailuresatthelastthreeOlympicstestedthelimitsofhowmuchXuwaswillingtosacrifice.Inmeetaftermeet，fromVancouvertoSochitoPyeongchan，herstrategykeptherawayfromthegoldmedalbutshekeptpushinganyway.“It’sasenseofmissionaccomplished.Thisisawinningnightforwomen’saerials，too，”Xusaidaftertheawardceremony.“IfalotofgirlsaredoingtripleflipsupthereandIfall，therewouldstillbealotofgirlswhowoulddowell.IfImessup，that’sOK.”语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道。十几年来，徐梦桃为了提高女子空中技巧运动的观赏性，宁可冒着失去奥运金牌的风险，也要坚持三周空翻。1．WhatcanweinferfromAshleyCaldwell’swords?A．XuMengtaoisverysensitive.B．Noathletewantstotrythetripleflips.C．Womenarenotgoodrisk-takers.D．Mostathleteswanttoavoiduncertainties.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段中AshleyCaldwell所说的话和第三段内容可推断，大部分运动员避开高风险的三周空翻是为了避免得分的不确定性。故选D。2．WhydoesXuMengtaokeeptryingthetripleflips?A．Shereallylovesunnecessaryrisks.B．Shewantstoshowoffhernewtrick.C．Shehopestoattractmoregirlstoaerials.D．Shewishestomakethesportmoreenjoyable.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ButI’mOKsacrificingsomegoodcompetitionresultstomakethesportlookgood.”可知，徐梦桃坚持三周空翻是希望提高空中技巧的观赏性。故选D。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesXuMengtao?A．Determined. B．Curious.C．Calculating. D．Outgoing.答案A解析观点态度题。根据第五段内容可知，徐梦桃虽然经历了很多次失败，但她从未放弃。由此推知，她是一个意志坚定的人。故选A。B(2022·陕西西安模拟)Inthenearfuture，insteadofgoingtoyourwardrobe(衣柜)tochoosesomethingtothrowonforyournextvideocall，youmightturntoyourvirtualwardrobetopickouta3Ddigitaldresstowear.Atleast，that’swhatanumberofpeopleinthefashionandtechspacearerelyingonasmorebusinesseslooktothepromiseofdigitalfashion.Moreover，thosevirtualclotheswon’tjustbeforyourvideocalls，butcouldeventuallybewornalloverthevirtualworld，andeventually，perhaps，viewedonyourbodyintherealworldthroughtheAugmentedReality(AR)glasses.“Therearemoreandmoresecondworlds，whereyoucanexpressyourself.Butthereisprobablyanunderestimationofthevaluebeingat