2023-2024学年度外研版必修三Unit3The world of science学案

2023-2024学年度外研版必修三Unit3Theworldofscience学案eq\a\vs4\al(分类背单词)Ⅰ.“妙记”简单词汇1．shootv． 射出(光、亮等)，放射2．gunpowdern. 火药3．stuffn. 东西，物品4．desiren. 渴望，欲望5．beyondprep. 无法……6．streamn. 小河，小溪7．mentaladj. 精神的；精神健康的8．curen. 药剂；疗法9．draftv. 起草，草拟10．fictionn. 虚构的事，想象的事11．metaln. 金属12．flashn. 闪光Ⅱ.“勤回首”易忘词汇1．compassn. 指南针，罗盘2．virtualadj. 虚拟的，模拟的3．batteryn. 电池4．computev. 计算5．passiveadj. 被动的6．instancen. 例子，实例7．chemistn. 化学家8．speciesn. 物种9．extraordinaryadj. 非凡的，出色的10．brilliantadj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的11．radiumn. 镭(一种化学元素)12．experimentn. (科学)实验13．lightningn. 闪电14．conductv. 传导(热、电)15．scientificadj. 科学(上)的16．gravityn. 重力，引力17．proceduren. 程序，步骤，手续Ⅲ.“辨清用准”形变词汇1．pressv．按，压→pressedadj.紧缺的，压平的→pressuren．压力2．flexibleadj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibilityn．柔韧性，灵活性3．capableadj.有能力的→capabilityn．能力4．significantadj.重要的，影响深远的→significancen．重要性，意义5．injurev．使受伤，弄伤→injuredadj.受伤的→injuryn．伤害6．astronomern．天文学家→astronomyn．天文学7．biologyn．生物学→biologistn．生物学家→biologicaladj.生物(学)的8．accurateadj.精确的→accuracyn．精确(程度)，准确(性)9．minoradj.小的→minorityn．少数，少数民族10．originn．起源，起因→originaladj.起初的，首创的n．原作→originatev．起源，发源11．theoryn．学说，理论→theoreticaladj.理论上的12．declarev．声明，宣告→declarationn．声明，宣告13．attachv．系，绑；贴→attachmentn．附件；依恋14．entireadj.完全的，彻底的→entirelyadv.完全地，彻底地15．accountn．记述，描述→accountantn．会计(师)16．provev．证明→proofn．证明，证据Ⅳ.“归类串记”族群词汇1．后缀－ive形容词集锦①passive被动的②active主动的③positive积极的④negative消极的⑤subjective主观的⑥objective客观的2．“重要的”形容词一览①significant 重要的②important 重要的③essential 绝对重要的④vital 至关重要的eq\a\vs4\al(联想积词块)Ⅰ.再认再现单元内词块1．think_of 想，思考；记起；考虑2．instead_of 而不是3．what's_more 况且；另外；更重要的是4．apart_from 除了；要不是；此外5．lead_to 导致；通向6．thanks_to 幸亏；由于7．in_addition 除此之外，另外8．in_terms_of 在……方面；就……而言9．approach_to ……的方法10．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论11．contribute_towards 有助于，促使12．due_to 由于，因为Ⅱ.类比串记单元外词块1．“in＋名词”类短语荟萃inaddition 除此之外inall 总计incase 万一incharge 负责indespair 失望inpublic 在大庭广众之下2．“因为；由于”短语聚焦dueto 由于；因为thanksto 多亏；由于becauseof 由于；因为onaccountof 由于owingto 由于；因为asaresultof 由于……的结果eq\a\vs4\al(熟背好句好段)Ⅰ.背好句——一句点亮篇1．虚拟条件句教材原句ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。推荐佳句①Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.我当时系着安全带，如果没系的话，我可能已经受伤了。②IfIcouldinterviewhim,Iwouldaskhimwhatmadehimanastronautandhowhewastrained.如果我能采访他，我会问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员以及他是如何训练的。2.that引导同位语从句教材原句...thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.……没有证据表明它(苹果)砸在了他的头上。推荐佳句①There'snodoubtthatmorningrunningcanstrengthenourbodies.毫无疑问，晨跑可以强健我们的身体。②70%ofthestudentsholdtheopinionthatoverweightisharmfultohealth.70%的学生认为超重有害健康。Ⅱ.背好段——细节见功夫形体描写之“腿”Butmylegsandarmswereshaking.Everystepfeltlikethatthousandsofneedlesweresinkingintomylegs.Therewerethreeblistersoneachofmyfeet.Icouldn'ttakeit.Besides,becausemybagwasfull,Iputallmyclothesonme,whichmademefeelveryhot.Sweatwasdrippingdownmyface.ItfeltlikeIwasintheSahara!但我的腿和胳膊在发抖。每走一步都感觉有成千上万根针扎进我的腿里。我的每只脚上都有三个水泡。我受不了了。此外，因为我的包是满的，所以我把所有的衣服都穿在身上，这让我觉得很热。汗水顺着我的脸往下流。感觉就像在撒哈拉沙漠一样！[点评]本段中使用了“legsandarmswereshaking,sinkingintomylegs”等关于腿部动作的描写，形象地描绘出了人物疲劳的精神状态。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Aflexible(易弯曲的)objectcanbebenteasilywithoutbreaking.2．MyfatherthinksIamnotcapable(有能力的)ofearningmyownliving,butImeantoshowhimthatheiswrong.3．Beforeuse,thebattery(电池)mustbecharged.4．Aseriesofbrightflashes(闪光)intheskyindicatethattherainstormiscoming.5．Irewrotehisroughdraft(初稿),whichwaspublishedundermyname.6．Incaseoffire,wemustfollowtheemergencyprocedures(程序)toensureoursafety.7．Hisbookisanimpressiveaccount(描述)ofaworldthatfewreadersofthisnewspaperwillrecognise.8．Optimismhasapositiveeffectonpeople'sphysicalandmental(精神的)health,ofwhichI'mveryconvinced.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Emmasaysit'schallengingtobeahealthexpertbecausepeoplecanbeeasilyinfluencedbyadvertisementsthatlackscientific(science)support.2．(2022·全国甲卷)Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirely(entire)onvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.3．(2021·全国甲卷)Itwasbuiltoriginally(origin)toprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theabilitytoaccurately(accurate)understandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients.5．Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure(press),andputpeopleintoabettermood.6．Whenyou'reolder,Ithinkyou'rebetterequippedmentally(mental)tocopewithwhateverhappens.7．(2021·北京高考)Youmustshowproof(prove)ofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid(有效的)inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.8．ThereismuchchancethatBillwillrecoverfromhisinjury(injure)intimefortherace.9．Insteadofworkinghardtocreatesomechances,somepeoplewaitpassively(passive)forthearrivalofsuccess.10．ThemomenttheOlympicGameswere_declared(declare)open,thewholeworldcheered.Ⅲ.选词填空drawaconclusion,approachto,intermsof,insteadof,inaddition,leadto,what'smore,apartfrom1.Itisdifficulttoexpressitin_terms_ofscience.2．In_addition,_thegovernmenthassomepowerfultoolsthatitcanusetosupporttheeconomy.3．We'resurethatthemeasureswilllead_toalargeincreaseinourproduction.4．Mostpassengerslikesittinginthefrontofabustohaveabetterview.What's_more,_theybelieveit'slesslikelythatcar－sicknesswillhappen.5．Weneedtotakeadifferentapproach_tosolvingtheproblem.6．Wecan'tdraw_a_conclusionwithouthavingawideinvestigationintothismatter.7．Apart_fromtheEnglishclass,ItookanactivepartinEnglishCornerandotherafter－classEnglishactivities.8．Thegovernmentcallsonthepublictogotoworkbybicycleinstead_ofbycartoreduceairpollution.Ⅳ.多维表达(按要求完成句子)1．(完成句子)Itwould_have_beenmuchbetterifyouhadjustusedalinegraphtoillustratethedifferentstagesofcultureshock.如果你只用一个折线图来演示文化冲击的不同阶段，效果会更好。2．(完成句子)Studentsshouldbeevaluatedin_terms_of_overall_quality.应该根据综合素质来评价学生。3．(完成句子)It_is_generally_believed_thatpeoplewithhighEQarewillingtoacceptnewideasandtakeapositiveattitudetowardslife.(it作形式主语的主语从句)人们普遍认为，情商高的人乐于接纳新观点，对生活持积极的态度。4．(完成句子)Theymayalsobe_very_attached_totheirfamilyandenjoyspecialvisitstothem.他们也可能非常依恋家人，喜欢专门拜访他们。5．Lastmonth，someresearchersmadeanewstudyaboutDNATest，anditappearedinthemedicalfield.→AnewstudyaboutDNATestconducted_by_some_researcherslastmonthappearedinthemedicalfield.(用conduct改写句子)1．desiren．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要(1)haveastrongdesireeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.迫切想要做某事,forsth.渴望得到某物))(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desiresb.todosth. 希望某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 希望……做某事(3)desirableadj. 可取的；值得拥有的[名师指津]desire后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋)do/bedone。[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/句型转换)①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷写作)Ifyoudesireto_challenge(challenge)yourself,thereisnothingtodowithothers'thoughts.②(2021·全国甲卷)Takeaviewisadesirable(desire)annualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcornersoftheUKandbeyond.③Theteacherwasdeeplytouchedbytheirdesireforknowledge.④Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercises(should)_be_handed(hand)inbeforeschoolwasover.⑤Thepolicedesiredthewitnesstodescribewhathadhappenedthedaybefore.→Thepolicedesiredthatthewitness(should)_describe_what_had_happenedthedaybefore.2．significantadj.重要的，影响深远的，显著的(1)Itissignificantthat... 很明显……(2)significancen. 意义；意思；重要性beofsignificanceto... 对……有重要意义attachsignificanceto... 认为……重要(to为介词)(3)significantlyadv. 显著地；有重大意义地[演绎法练通](单句语法填空)①(2022·全国甲卷)Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificant(significance)thinghappenedinSydney,Australia.②Sheshowedspecialconcernforthecollegestudentsandattachedmuchsignificancetoeducating(educate)them.③Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantly(significant)greatersenseofbelonging.3．attachv．系；绑；贴(1)attachsth.to... 把某物连接到/附在……上attachoneselfto 依附……；缠着……attachimportance/significance/valueto... 认为……重要/有意义/有价值(2)attachedadj. 喜爱的；依恋的；附属于beattachedto 被连接到……；依恋；附属于(3)attachmentn. 附件，附属物；信念；忠诚[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/完成句子)①(2021·浙江6月高考)DavidBondrealizedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattached(attach)toscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisthree－year－oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco－friendly.③Thescientist'sattachment(attach)tohishomelanddrovehimtoreturnfromabroad.④Onherbirthday,shereceivedaboxofchocolateswithacardattached(attach)toit,saying“Happybirthday！”⑤Justasthissentencereveals,someofusteenagersattach_much_more_importance_to_our_phones_than_to_our_friends.正如这句话所揭示的那样，我们青少年中的一些人对我们手机的重视程度超过了对我们的朋友。4．accountn．记述；描述，账户v.认为是；视为(1)onaccountof＝becauseof 因为，由于onnoaccount＝innoway 决不giveanaccountof 报告；叙述；说明takeoaccount＝takeaccountofsth. 对某事加以考虑(2)accountfor 解释，说明，占……(比例)[名师指津]onnoaccount意为“决不”，位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，有类似用法的还有：bynomeans,innoway,innocase,onnocondition,undernocircumstances,atnotime等。[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/词汇升级/完成句子)①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.②Iwasanewteacher,andIgaveanhonestaccountofthestudents'work.③Theflightwaspostponedbecauseofbadweather.on_account_of④Onnoaccountcan_we_ignore_the_value_of_knowledge,_aswellaspracticalexperience.我们绝对不能忽略知识以及实践经验的价值。⑤Undernocircumstancesshould_you_tell_the_secret_to_others.在任何情况下，你都不应该把这个秘密告诉别人。5．intermsof谈及；在……方面；就……而言(单句语法填空/完成句子)①Withalargebrain,humanbeingsbeatotherbeingsintermsofintelligence.②It'snoteasyforhertocometotermswiththefactthatheisunemployed.③Iwason_good_terms_with_everyoneinthefootballteam.我和足球队的每个人关系都很好。④Learningisnotalwayseasy,but_it_is_always_beneficial_in_the_long_term/run.学习并不总是那么容易，但从长远来看它总是有益的。[归纳法记牢]inthelongterm/run 从长远来看intheshortterm/run 从短期来看beongoodtermswithsb. 与某人关系好cometotermswith 与……妥协/达成协议1．虚拟条件句虚拟条件句的用法如下：类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词对现在情况的虚拟were或一般过去时would(should,could,might)＋动词原形对将来情况的虚拟一般过去时；should＋动词原形；weretodowould(should,could,might)＋动词原形对过去情况的虚拟过去完成时(haddone)would(could,should)＋havedone先学通(通过题点训练把握用法规则)(单句语法填空)①Sorry,Iamtoobusyatthemoment.IfIwere(be)free,Iwouldcertainlygoforawalkwithyou.②Ifithadnotbeenfortheirtimelyrescue,theoldladywould_have_lost(lose)herlife.③Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifitwere_to/shouldbreakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.再写美(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)④如果比赛明天举行，我可能会去看。Ifthecontestweretotakeplacetomorrow,I_would_probably_go_to_see_it.⑤如果你能接受我的申请，我会非常高兴。Iwouldbeverydelightedif_you_could_accept_my_application.2．that引导同位语从句(1)that引导的同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。(2)后跟that引导的同位语从句的名词有：news,belief,message,evidence,promise,hope,doubt,thought,idea,proposal,suggestion,truth,possibility,chance等。先学通(通过句子变换把握句式特点)①Later,itwassaidthatthebombwastakenaway,safe.→Later,newscamethat_the_bomb_was_taken_away,_safe.(同位语从句)②Ifirmlybelieveeveryoneissuretoreceiveanunexpectedjoy.→Iholdthe_firm_belief_that_every_one_is_sure_to_receive_an_unexpected_joy.(同位语从句)再写美(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)③在最高水平(的比赛中)获胜的唯一方法是完全相信你比运动场上的任何人都要好。Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefthat_you_are_better_than_anyone_else_on_the_sports_field.④他似乎有可能在比赛中获得第一名。There_seems_a_possibility_that_he_will_win_first_place_in_the_competition._1．赏结构之美Now，reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat'stherealspiritofinvention.赏析：本段中“Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat'stherealspiritofinvention.”使用了复杂句式，这种句式可以表达一些意义复杂且严谨的概念，从而使说明更加具体、全面。该句是and连接的并列句，and前面的分句中“whatremainsimportant”是主语从句，“thatwehave...create”是表语从句；and后的句子是一个简单句。2．赏写作手法之美Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton'sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.赏析：本段作者引用牛顿被一个苹果砸到脑袋而想出万有引力定律的例子来说明科学实验不完全是事实，也有虚构的成分。这种举例法是论说文中证明论点的一种重要方法。掌握这一方法，学生可以更好地理解或写作论说文。(一)用本单元知识完成下列语段主题语境——发明创造Nowadays,①many_capable_people_desire_to_invent(许多有能力的人渴望发明)stuffthatcanmakepeople'slifeeasier,whichissignificant.②For_instance(例如),manytalented(用本单元词汇替换加黑词：③brilliant)housewivesmakealotofextraordinaryminorinventions,④which_is_a_proof_that_everyone_can_make_a_difference_to_our_life_beyond_our_own_expectations(这证明了每个人都可以对我们的生活做出超乎自己预期的影响；定语从句；同位语从句).Somefailmanytimesbutthey⑤never_say_never(永不言弃).They⑥conduct_experiments(进行实验)overandoveragainuntilthey'resatisfied.(二)根据提示，续写语段结合“科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全”这一主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。情节脉络：Edith准备参加一个科技发明比赛，她的偶像，发明家Mathew将担任裁判→Edith制作了一个巨大的音乐盒，当转动把手的时候，音乐盒能发出明亮的光，并放出优美的音乐→比赛当天，Edith早早来到会场，信心满满→不幸的是，当Edith转动把手的时候，因为力气小而导致音乐盒电力不足，所以没有取得应有的效果。Edith只收获了别人的嘲笑→意外发生，比赛会场忽然停电，比赛不得不取消。Mathew骑上自行车准备离开……Inthedark,EdithcouldjustseeMathewclimbingontohisbike,withhispedalsglimmering(发出微光)．参考范文：Inthedark,EdithcouldjustseeMathewclimbingontohisbike,withhispedalsglimmering(发出微光).“Don'tgo！”Edithshouted,“Iknowhowtolightuptheroom！”Edithsaid,“Themachineneedsalotofpowertoturnthehandle.Thefasterpeopleturnthehandle,thebrighterthelightis.However,I'mnotstrongenoughtoturnthehandle.Ithinkyouandyourbikecanbehelpful.”HearingthemethodthatEdithoffered,Mathewagreedandhelpedhertolinkhisbikewiththemusicbox.AsMathewrodethebike,themusicboxgraduallylituptheroom.Everyonejumpedwithjoyaslightandmusicfromthemachinefilledtheroom.EveryonewasgratefulthatEdithhadletthecompetitioncarryon.课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·南京市六校联合体调研试题)Ifyou'replanningtogoonadiet,orifyousufferfromseriousconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病),knowingexactlywhatandhowmuchyou'reeatingisessential.Inthisdayandage,wehavecalorieandnutritioncalculatorsevenonoursmartphones,buttheyactonlyasguides,whereasafamouscompany'srevolutionarynewdevice,CaloRieco,actuallyanalyzesthefoodonyourplateandprovidesaccurateinformationinjustafewseconds.You'veprobablyusedcaloriecalculatorsbefore,andyouknowthattheyonlyoffergeneralinformation.Forexample,acalculatorwilltellyoutheaveragenumberofcaloriesinahamburger,butitcan'ttellyouexactlyhowmanycaloriesareinthehamburger.Thesamegoesfornutrientslikeproteinorfat.AndthisiswhatmakesthenewCaloRiecosospecial.Displayedatarecenttechshow,CaloRiecoisahigh－techdevicethatuseslightreflectiontechnologytodeterminethenutritionalvaluesofalmostanyfoodandalsoprovideaccuratecalorieestimates.Allyouhavetodoisputyourplateinthebox－shapeddeviceandwaitbetween10and20secondsforittoanalyzeallthefood.Onceit'sdoneanalyzingthevariousingredientsinyourmeal,CaloRiecodisplaysthenumberofcalories,aswellasthenutritionalcontentonanLEDdisplay.Accordingtothecompany,thedeviceisabletorecognizethevastmajorityoffoods,exceptsoupsandverydarkdishes.CaloRiecocanalsoconnecttoyoursmartphoneviaanapp,andsendallthedataaboutanalyzedfoodstoyourhandhelddevice,soyoucanaccessitwheneveryouneed.Thespokesmanforthecompanysaidthatitsoutstandinginventionisaimedatdietersanddiabetessufferers,bothofwhommakeupasizablemarket.Unfortunately,you'llhavetowaitabitlongertogetyourhandsonyourveryownCaloRieco,asthedevicepresentedattheshowisjustaprototype(样机)whichneedstobeimproved.It'sscheduledtohitthemarketsometimeinthenextfewyears,butthepriceremainsamystery.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一家著名公司新发明了一个名为CaloRieco的卡路里计算器，该设备利用了光反射技术。用户只要将餐盘放在设备内，便能很快得到食物的营养和卡路里信息。1．WhatistheadvantageofCaloRieco?A．Ituseslightreflectiontechnology.B．Itoffersgeneralinformationoffood.C．Itisahigh－techdeviceworkingasaguide.D．Itcanpresenttheexactcalorieofanalyzedfood.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“afamouscompany'srevolutionarynew...afewseconds”可知，该公司这款设备的优势是能在数秒内准确分析出食物的热量信息。2．Accordingtothetext,CaloRieco________.A．needsalongtimetoanalyzethefoodB．candisplaythefooddataonthesmartphonedirectlyC．cancountthecaloriesofallfoodsonyourplateD．maybewellreceivedamongdietersanddiabetessufferers解析：选D推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“itsoutstandinginvention...asizablemarket”可知，这种产品是针对节食者和糖尿病患者的，据此可以推知，这款产品会深受这两类人群的欢迎。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5referto?A．Thesmartphone. B．Theapp.C．Thedata. D．Thefood.解析：选C代词指代题。通读第五段内容可知，CaloRieco卡路里计算器还可以通过应用程序连接到你的智能手机，并将所有分析过的食物数据发送到你的手机上，这样你就可以在需要的时候访问它。据此可知，it指代上文中的data。4．WhatcanweinferaboutCaloRiecofromthelastparagraph?A．It'sperfect. B．It'spromising.C．It'scostly. D．It'sportable.解析：选B推理判断题。根据尾段尾句中的“It'sscheduledto...nextfewyears”可知，该产品计划在未来几年内上市，据此可以推知，该产品是有前途的。B(2023·潍坊市高三阶段性监测)Thisyearresearchersexpecttheworldtosnap1.35trillionphotographs,orabout3.7billionperday.Allthosepixels(像素)takeupalotofroomiftheyarestoredonpersonalcomputersorphones,whichisonereasonwhymanypeoplestoretheirimagesinthecloud.Butunlikeaharddrive,whichcanbeencryptedtoprotectitsdata,cloudstorageusershavetotrustthatatechplatformwillkeeptheirprivatepicturessafe.NowateamofColumbiaUniversitycomputerscientistshasdevelopedatooltoencrypt(把……加密)imagesstoredonmanypopularcloudserviceswhileallowingauthorizeduserstobrowseanddisplaytheirphotographsasusual.Malicious(怀有恶意的)attemptstoaccessorleakcloud－basedphotographscanexposepersonalinformation.InNovember2019,forexample,abuginapopularphotographstorageappmistakenlysharedsomeusers'privatevideoswithstrangers.Securityexpertsalsoworryaboutemployeesatcloudstoragecompaniesonpurposeaccessingusers'images.SotheColumbiaresearcherscameupwithasystemcalledEasySecurePhotos(ESP),whichtheypresentedatarecentconference.“Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhileusingexistingservices，”saysacomputerscientistJasonNieh,oneofthedevelopersofESP.“Everyonewantstostaywiththestorageappanddoesnotwanttoregisteronanewencrypted－imagecloudstorageservice.”Toovercomethisproblem,theycreatedatoolthatpreservesblocksofpixelsbutmovesthemaroundtoeffectivelyhidethephotograph.First,ESP'salgorithm(算法)dividesaphotographintothreeseparatefiles,eachonecontainingtheimage'sred,greenorbluecolordata.Thenthesystemhidesthepixelblocksaroundamongthesethreefiles(allowingablockfromtheredfile,forinstance,tohideoutinthegreenorblueones).Buttheprogramdoesnothingwithinthepixelblocks,wherealltheimageprocessinghappens.Asaresult,thefilesremainunchangedimagesbutenduplookinglikegrainyblack－and－whiteonestoanyonewhoaccessesthemwithoutthedecryption(解密)key.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。哥伦比亚大学的一个计算机科学家团队开发了一种工具，可以对存储在云服务上的图像进行加密，以保护用户隐私。本文介绍了该技术的研发背景和原理等。5．What'sprobablythemainpurposeforpeopletostoreimagesinthecloud?A．Tosavestorageroom.B．Tomakephotosbeautiful.C．Totryanewstorageway.D．Tokeeptheirprivacysafe.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，人们为了节省个人电脑或手机的存储空间，会将图像存储在云端，故A项正确。6．Whymightemployeesatcloudstoragecompaniesbedistrustedbyexperts?A．Theysellusers'passwords.B．Theyhaveinventednewtools.C．Theyoftenletoutpersonalinformation.D．Theymaystealaglanceatusers'images.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，安全专家担心云存储公司的员工会故意访问用户的图像，故D项正确。7．What'stheadvantageofESP?A．Itcanprovideclearimages.B．Itcandecreasetheuploadtime.C．Itcanclassifyimagesautomatically.D．Itcanencryptdataontheoriginalplatform.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“Wewantedtoseeifwecouldmakeitpossibletoencryptdatawhileusingexistingservices”可知，ESP的优点是可以在原来的平台上给数据加密，故D项正确。8．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Themethodofdecryption.B．Theimageprocessingtechnique.C．Separatefilesofimages.D．Dataanalysisofcolors.解析：选B段落大意题。根据该段主旨句“Toovercomethisproblem...effectivelyhidethephotograph.”再结合下文内容可知，该段主要介绍了图像处理技术的过程，故B项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2023·潍坊市统考)Thereisnoescapingourevolutionintoacashlesssociety.Theideathatalltransactions(交易)canbecompleteddigitallyisbecomingmorerealisticdaybyday.__9__Asitis,peopleincreasinglydemandlow－touchorcontactlesspaymentswithgrowingconcernsoverthespreadofvirusesanddiseases.Acashlesssocietywouldgiverisetoaneweraforfinancialdeals.Thekeybenefitswouldincludelowercrimerates,easierforeigntransactions,andreducedrisksandcosts.Theideaofacashlesssocietyappearsverycommoninoursociety.__10__Economicinequalityandinclusivity(包容性)arefundamentalissuesstillpresentworldwide.__11__Theunbankedandpoorcouldfacesignificantchallengeswithdigitalmodesofpayment.Infact,mostoftheunbankedviewthecashlessmovementasanunfairactagainstthosewithoutbankaccounts.Foracashlesssociety,thereneedstobeanunderstandingandacceptancebygovernmentsandpaymentprovidersofthefinancialinclusionissuescurrentlyinexistence.__12__Therearealsotheelderlyandthedisabledwhofacetheirownchallengeswithrapiddigitalizationandtechnologicaladvancement.TherearestillpartsofsocietythatlacktrustindigitalpaymentsorhavebarrierstoaccessingmobilephonesandtheInternet.__13__Itisalsoabouttolaunchanationaldigitalcurrency(货币),theworld'sfirst.Nearlyeverythingcanbetransactedbydigitalmeanshere.AswepreparefortheconsequenceofthepandemicandusethemodelsetbyChina,othercountriesneedtotakeituponthemselvestoprovideaharmonious,effective,andcashlesssociety—onethatdoesnotleaveanyonebehind.A．However,thisisfarfromreality.B．Severalcountrieshaveenteredcashlesssociety.C．Acashlesssocietymightactuallyworsentheseproblems.D．Thepandemichasspedupthemoveawayfromphysicalcash.E．InChina,fouroutofeveryfivepaymentsarenowcashless.F．Itisn'tjusttheunbankedwhoareatriskofbeingleftbehind.G．Sofinancialinclusionneedstobethecorevalueinacashlesssociety.语篇解读：随着社会的不断发展，无现金社会似乎成了大势所趋。疫情的不断蔓延更是加速了人类社会向无现金社会迈进的步伐。9．选D“Theideathat...daybyday.”与D项之间存在递进关系，且D项中的Thepandemic与空后句子中的withgrowingconcernsoverthespreadofvirusesanddiseases相照应。10．选A“Theideaof...inoursociety.”与A项之间存在转折关系。11．选C第二段首句与C项之间存在递进关系。C项中的theseproblems指的便是前边提到的Economicinequalityandinclusivity。12．选F空后的“Therearealso...andtechnologicaladvancement.”与F项照应，两者之间为并列关系。13．选EE项与“Itisalso...theworld'sfirst.”之间为递进关系。空后句子中的It指代的是E项中的China。Ⅲ.完形填空eq\a\vs4\al(2023·长沙模拟)Whatwouldhappenifthehumanbrainwasconnectedtoapowerfulcomputer?ThatiswhatKevinWarwick,aprofessorattheUniversityofReading,UK,__14__tofindout.“Iwanttohaveagoatcompletelychangingwhatitmeanstobe__15__，”hesays.Soonhewillhavean__16__.Aglasstubewillbeplacedaroundagroupofnervesinhisarm.Insidethetubetherewillbetinycomputercircuits.Thesewill__17__messagesbeingsenttothebrainandsendthemtoacomputer.“Painprovidesaclearelectronicsignalonthenervoussystemasitmovesfromits__18__oforigintothebrain.Wewanttofindoutwhathappensifthatsignalissenttothecomputerandthenplayedbackagain.WillIfeelthe__19__pain？”saysKevinWarwick.Itisnotjustabout__20__.Thehumannervoussystemsendsawidevarietyofothermessagestothebrain,sotherecouldbemanydifferent__21__.Thecomputercouldprovidetheeyesforablindperson.Anxiousordepressedpeopleareoftengivendrugstomakethemfeel__22__.Butwhatiftheycoulddownloadfeelingsofhappinessdirectlyintotheirminds?Imagineyouarethousandsofmilesawayfromyourlovedones.Youlovethemand__23__tobebackwiththem.Thenyoustorethese__24__onacomputerandsendthemtoyourfamilyasane－mail.ProfessorWarwickbelievesthatthesuccessofhisnewexperimentcouldleadtotheevolutionofhumans.Ahumanwillbeone__25__tousethememoryandmathematicalpowerofthecomputer.Heorshewillbeabletocommunicatethoughtsandfeelings__26__acrosstheplanetusingtheInternet.Peoplehaveusedtheirintelligencetocreateincreasinglyintelligent__27__.Hasthetimenowcomeforthetwoto__28__together?语篇解读：本文是说明文。如果人类的大脑与一台功能强大的计算机相连，会发生什么？英国雷丁大学教授凯文·沃里克通过实验证明这会导致人类的进化。14．A.manages B．helpsC．intends D．tends解析：选C根据文章首句可知，教授打算查明这个问题的答案。故选C。15．A.advanced B．humanC．artificial D．competitive解析：选B根据文章首句可知，让人脑与电脑相连将改变作为人类的含义。故选B。16．A.operation B．adjustmentC．assessment D．examination解析：选A根据“Aglasstubewillbeplacedaroundagroupofnervesinhisarm.”可知，这是一个手术。故选A。17．A.giveoff B．turnintoC．pickup D．makeup解析：选C根据“messagesbeingsenttothebrainandsendthemtoacomputer”可知，这是接收信号，并发送信号。pickup“接收，捡起”。故选C。18．A.level B．spaceC．moment D．point解析：选Dpointoforigin“(疼痛的)起点、原点”。此处指从疼痛的起点到大脑。故选D。19．A.awful B．usualC．same D．slight解析：选C根据上文“Painprovidesaclear...asitmoves”可知，疼痛在神经系统运动时提供清晰的电子信号，这里是猜测是否能感受到相同的疼痛。故选C。20．A.signals B．painC．brain D．messages解析：选B根据上文“Painprovidesaclear...asitmoves”及下文“Thehumannervoussystem...tothebrain”可知，神经系统不只是传送疼痛，也向大脑发送其他的各种各样的信息。故选B。21．A.explanations B．applicationsC．systems D．problems解析：选B根据上文“Thehumannervoussystem...tothebrain”及下文“Thecomputercould...blindperson.”可知，人类神经有不同的应用。故选B。22．A.better B．strongerC．wiser D．worse解析：选A根据“Anxiousordepressed...givendrugs”可知，此处是指给焦虑或抑郁的人药物，让他们不那么焦虑和抑郁，即让他们感觉更好些。故选A。23．A.prefer B．agreeC．long D．re