专四基础阅读专八答案空间有操作记录可验证

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Manyofthehomeelectricgoodswhichareadvertisedasliberatingthemodernwomantendtohavetheoppositeeffect,becausetheysimplechangethenatureofworkinsteadofeliminatingMachineshaveacertainnoveltyvalue,liketoysforItiscertainlylesstiringtoputclothesinawashingmachine,butthetimesaveddoesnotreallyamounttomuch:themachinehastobewatched,theclotheshavetobecarefullysortedoutfirst,stainsremovedbyhand,buttonspushedandwaterchanged,clothestakenout,airedandItwouldbemoreliberatingtopackitallofftoalaundryandnotnecessarilymoreexpensive,sincenocapitalinvestmentisrequired.Similarly,ifyoureallywanttosavetimeyoudonotmakecakeswithanelectricmixer,youbuyoneinashop.Ifonecomparestheimageofthewomaninthewomen’smagazinewiththegoodsadvertisedbythoseperiodicals,onerealizeshowusefulaprojectedimagecanbecommercially.Acarefulbalancehastobestruck:ifyoushowalabour-savingdevice,followitupwithacomplicated’recipeonthenextpage;onnoaccounthintatthenotionthatawomancouldgetherselfajob,butinsteadfosterhersenseofherownusefulness,emphasizingthecreativeaspectofherfunctionasahousewife.Sowegetcakemixeswherethecooksimplyaddsaneggherself,toproduce“thatlovelyhomo-bakedflavourthefamilylove”,andknittingpatternsthatcanbemadebyhand,orworsestill,onknittingmachines,whichbecametremendouslyfashionablewhentheywerefirstAutomaticcookersareadvertisedbypicturesofprettyyoungmotherstakingtheirchildrentothepark,notbyprofessionalwomenpresettingthedinnerbeforeleavinghomeforwork.Accordingtothepassage,manyofthehomeelectricgoodswhicharesupposedtoliberatewoman removeunpleasantaspectsofsavethehousewifeverylittlesavethehousewife’stimebutnotherhaveabsolutelynovaluefortheAccordingtothecontext,“capitalinvestment”refersto spentonawashingborrowedfromthesavedinthelenttootherThegoodsadvertisedinwomen’smagazinesarereallymeant freehousewivesfromencouragehousewivestogoouttomakehousewivesintoexcellentgivethemafalsesenseofTEXTThe“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfoodandclothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavourableclimate;otherregionspossessnoneofthem.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.Somecountriesareperhapswelloffinnaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonshavebeenunabletodeveloptheirresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Industrializedcountriesthathavetrainednumerousskilledworkersandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Acountry’sstandardoflivingdoesnotonlydependuponthewealththatisproducedandconsumedwithinitsownborders,butalsouponwhatisindirectlyproducedthroughinternationaltrade.Forexample,Britain’swealthinfoodstuffsandotheragriculturalproductswouldbemuchlessifshehadtodependonlyonthosegrownathome.Trademakesitpossibleforhersurplusmanufacturedgoodstobetradedabroadfortheagriculturalproductsthatwouldotherwisebelacking.Acountry’swealthis,therefore,muchinfluencedbyitsmanufacturingcapacity,providedthatothercountriescanbefoundreadytoacceptitsThestandardoflivinginacountryisdetermined itsgoodsand [B]thetypeofwealth[C]howwellitcancreate [D]whatanordinarypersoncanAcountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsonallthefactors people’sshareofits [B]politicalandsocial[C]qualitiesofits [D]useofnaturalAccordingtothepassage, playanequallyimportantroleindeterminingacountry’sstandardofliving.farm [B]industrial[C] [D]exportandTEXTHowwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy’shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes,thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshortertheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe“untidy”lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionofthetopfashionhouses.Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater;anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon’tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!Theauthorthinksthatpeople satisfiedwiththeirconcernedaboutappearanceinoldfarfromneglectingwhatisinreluctanttofollowthetrendsinFashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashion confidencein [B]personal[C]individualhair [D]personalCausesoffashions [B] [C] [D]Present-daysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseit [B] [C] [D]WhichisthemainideaofthelastCareaboutappearanceinformalFashioninformalandinformalIgnoringappearanceininformalIgnoringappearanceinallTEXTMassivechangesinalloftheworld’sdeeplycherishedsportinghabitsareunderway.Whetherit’soneofLondon’sparksfullofpeopleplayingsoftball,andRussianstakinguprugby,ortheSuperbowlrivalingtheBritishFootballCupFinalasatelevisedspectatoreventinBritain,thepatternsofplayersandspectatorsarechangingbeyondrecognition.Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofoursportingculture.Thatannualbicyclerace,theTourdeFrance,muchlovedbytheFrenchisagoodcaseinpoint.JustafewyearsbackitwasastrictlycontinentalaffairwithFrance,BelgiumandHolland,SpainandItalytakingpart.ButinrecentyearsithasbeendominatedbyColombianmountainclimbers,andAmericanandIrishriders.Thepeoplewhoreallymatterwelcometheshifttowardglobalization.Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams.Soitdoesthemliterallyaworldofgoodtoseethisunofficialworldchampionshipbecomejustthat.Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology,butmadetohappenbecauseofmarketingconsiderations.SellthegameandyoucansellColaorBudweiseraswell.TheskilfulwayinwhichAmericanfootballhasbeensoldtoEuropeisagoodexampleofhowallsportswilldevelop.Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoney-makingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical.WithseatsatUS$125,gatereceiptsalonewereastaggering$10,000,000.Themostimportantstatisticoftheday,however,wasthe$100,000,000inTVadvertisingfees.Imaginehowmuchthatbecomeswhentheeyesoftheworldarewatching.Soitcameasaterribleshock,butnotreallyasasurprise,tolearnthatsomepeoplearenowsuggestingthatsoccerchangefrombeingagameoftwo45-minutehalves,tooneoffour25-minutequarters.Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichreliesforitsessenceontheflowingnatureofMoreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersgrows,sowewilldemandtoseethemplayedatahigherandhigherlevel.Inboxingwehavealreadyseennumerous,dubiousworldtitlecategoriesbecausepeoplewillnotpaytoseeanythinglessthana“WorldTide”fight,andthismeansthatthetitlefightshavetobeheldindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld!Globalizationofsportingculturemeans morepeoplearetakinguptraditionalsportsaregettingmanylocalsportsarebecomingforeignersaremoreinterestedinlocalWhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedtothemassiveGoodeconomic [B]Revivalof[C]Communications [D]MarketingWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesuggestiontochangesoccerintooneoffour25-minutequarters? [B] [C] [D]Peoplewanttoseehigher-levelsportscompetitionsmainly theybecomemoreprofessionalthantheyregardsportsasconsumerthereexistfewworld-classsportseventsareexcitingandTEXT

Thewayinwhichpeopleusesocialspacereflectstheirsocialrelationshipsandtheirethnicidentity.EarlyimmigrantstoAmericafromEuropebroughtwiththemacollectivestyleofliving,whichtheyretaineduntillateinthe18thcentury.Historicalrecordsdocumentagroup-orientedexistence,inwhichoneroomwasusedforeating,entertainingguests,andsleeping.Peopleatesoupsfromacommunalpot,shareddrinkingcups,andusedacommonpittoilet.Withthedevelopmentofideasaboutindividualism,peoplesoonbegantoshifttotheuseofindividualcupsandplates;theeatingofmealsthatincludedmeat,bread,andvegetablesservedonseparateplates;andtheuseofprivatetoilets.Theybegantobuildtheirhouseswithseparateroomstoentertainguests-livingrooms,separatebedroomsforsleeping,separateworkareas-kitchen,laundryroom,andseparatebathrooms.InMexico,themeaningandorganizationofdomesticspaceisstrikinglydifferent.Housesareorganizedaroundapatio,orcourtyard.Roomsopenontothepatio,whereallkindsofdomesticactivitiestakeplace.Individualstonothaveseparatebedrooms.Childrenoftensleepwithparents,andbrothersorsistersshareabed,emphasizingfamilialinterdependence.RoomsinMexicanhousesarelocationsformultipleactivitiesthat,incontrast,arerigidlyseparatedintheUnitedChangesinlivingstylesamongearlyimmigrantswereinitiallybroughtabout.risingliving [B]new[C]new [D]newdesignsofWhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedintheTheirconceptsofdomestic [B]Theirsocial[C]Thefunctionsoftheir [D]ThelayoutoftheirTEXTTherearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers;eventhoseancientGreeksbelievedthatallnumbersandtheirmultipleshadsomemysticalsignificance.Thosenumbersbetween1and13wereinparticulartohaveapowerfulinfluenceovertheaffairsofmen.Forexample,itiscommonlysaidthatluck,goodorbad,comesinthrees;ifanaccidenthappens,twomoreofthesamekindmaybeexpectedsoonafterwards.Thearrivalofaletterwillbefollowedbytwootherswithinacertainperiod.Anotherbeliefinvolvingthenumberthreehasitthatitisunluckytolightthreecigarettesfromtheonematch.Ifthishappens,thebadluckthatgoeswiththedeedfallsuponthepersonwhosecigarettewasthelasttobelit.Theill-omenlinkedtothelightingofthreethingsfromonematchorcandlegoesbacktoatleastthe17thcenturyandprobablyearlier.Itwasbelievedthatthreecandlesalightatthesametimewouldbesuretobringbadluck;one,two,orfour,werepermissible,butneverjustthree.Sevenwasanothersignificantnumber,usuallyregardedasabringerofgoodluck.Theancientastrologersbelievedthattheuniversewasgovernedbysevenplanets;studentsofShakespearewillrecallthatthelifeofmanwasdividedintosevenages.Sevenhorseshoesnailedtoahousewillprotectitfromallevil.Nineisusuallythoughtofasaluckynumberbecauseitistheproductofthreetimesthree.ItwasmuchusedbytheAngloSaxonsintheircharmsforhealing.Anotherbeliefwasthatgreatchangesoccurredevery7thand9thofaman’slife.Consequently,theageof63(theproductofnineandseven)wasthoughttobeaveryperiloustimeforhim.Ifhesurvivedhis63rdyearhemighthopetolivetoaripeoldage.Thirteen,aswewellknow,isregardedwithgreataweandThecommonbeliefisthatthisderivesfromthefactthattherewere13peopleatChrist’sLastSupper.Thisbeingtheeveofhisbetrayal,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthesignificancegiventothenumberbytheearlyChristians.Inmoremoderntimes13isanespeciallyunluckynumberofadinnerparty,forexample.Hotelswillavoidnumberingafloorthe13th;theprogressionisfrom12to14,andnoroomisgiventhenumber13.Manyhomeownerswilluse121/2insteadof13astheirhousenumber.Yetoddlyenough,tobebornonthe13thofthemonthisnotregardedwithanyfearatall,whichjustshowshowirrationalweareinoursuperstitiousbeliefs.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinggroupsofnumberswillcertainlybringgoodlucktopeople?3and [B]3and [C]7and [D]3andTheillluckassociatedwith13issupposedtohaveitsorigin [B] [C]popular [D]certainWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeople’ssuperstitiousHeismildly [B]Heisstrongly[C]Heisinfavourof [D]HisattitudeisnotTEXTWomen’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatterorfrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses-thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,and,ifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforwordhanding,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubjects”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.Weshan’tknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisBiologistsareconductingresearchwherepsychologistshavegivenBraindifferencespointtosuperiorityofonesexovertheResultsofscientificresearchfailtosupportpopularThestructuraldifferenceinthebrainbetweenthesexeshaslongbeenAccordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby [B] [C] [D]“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothose skillsofmenand [B]school[C]thebrainstructureofmenandwomen[D]activitiescarriedoutbytheAttheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmorework thebrainstructureasa [B]thefunctioningofpartofthe[C]thedistinctionbetweenthe [D]theeffectsofthecorpusWhatisthemainpurposeoftheTooutlinetheresearchfindingsonthebrainToexplainthelinkbetweensexandbrainTodiscussthevariousfactorsthatcausebrainTosuggestnewareasinbrainTEXTInformationistheprimarycommodityinmoreandmoreindustriesBy2005,83%ofAmericanmanagementpersonnelwillbeknowledgeworkers.EuropeandJapanarenotfarbehind.By2005,halfofallknowledgeworkers(22%ofthelabourforce)willchoose“flextime,flexplace”arrangements,whichallowthemtoworkathome,communicatingwiththeofficeviacomputernetworks.IntheUnitedStates,theso-called“digitaldivide”seemstobedisappearing.Inearly2000,apollfound,that,wherehalfofwhitehouseholdsownedcomputers,sodidfully43%ofAfrican-Americanhouseholds,andtheirnumbersweregrowingrapidly.Hispanichouseholdscontinuedtolagbehind,buttheirrateofcomputerownershipwasexpandingaswell.Company-ownedandindustry-widetelevisionnetworksarebringingprogrammingtothousandsoflocations.BusinessTVisbecomingbigbusiness.Computercompetencewillapproach100%inUSurbanareasbytheyear2005,withEuropeandJapannotfarbehind.80%ofUShomeswillhavecomputersin2005,comparedwithroughly50%now.IntheUnitedStates,5ofthe10fastest-growingcareersbetweennowand2005willbecomputerrelated.Demandforprogrammersandsystemsanalystswillgrowby70%.ThesametrendisacceleratinginEurope,Japan,andIndia.By2005,nearlyallcollegetextsandmanyhighschoolandjuniorhighbookswillbetiedtoInternetsitesthatprovidesourcematerial,studyexercises,andrelevantnewsarticlestoaidinlearning.OtherswillcomewithCD-ROMsthatoffersimilarresources.Internetlinkswillprovideaccesstothecardcataloguesofallthemajorlibrariesintheworldby2005.ItwillbepossibletocalluponaPCscreenmillionsofvolumesfromdistantlibraries.Websitesenhancebooksbyprovidingpictures,sound,filmclips,andflexible,indexingandsearchutilities.Implications:AnyonewithaccesstotheInternetwillbeabletoachievetheeducationneededtobuildaproductivelifeinanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.ComputerlearningmayevenreducethegrowingAmericanprisonpopulation.Knowledgeworkersaregenerallybetterpaidthanless-skilledworkers.Theirwealthisraisingoverallprosperity.Evenentry-levelworkersandthoseinformerlyunskilledpositionsrequireagrowinglevelofeducation.Foragoodcareerinalmostanyfield,computercompetenceisamust.Thisisonemajortrendraisingthelevelofeducationrequiredforaproductiveroleintoday’sworkforce.Formanyworkers,theopportunityfortrainingisbecomingoneofthemostdesirablebenefitsanyjobcanoffer.Informationtechnologyisexpectedtohaveimpactonallthefollowing.[A]Americanmanagement [B]Europeanmanagement[C]Americanpeople’schoiceof [D]traditionalpracticeat“digitaldivide”inthe4thparagraphrefers thegapintermsofcomputerthetendencyofcomputerthedividinglinebasedontheethnicdistinctionamongAmericanWhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaccordingtotheBy2005allcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillturnBy2005printedcollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbesupplementedwithelectronicBy2005somecollegeandschoolstudymaterialswillbeaccompaniedbyCD-By2005InternetlinksmakeworldwidelibrarysearchaWhichofthefollowingareasisNOTdiscussedintheFuture [B]Natureoffuture[C]Ethnic [D]SchoolsandAttheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoemphasize inanincreasinglyhigh-techworld.thevarietyof [B]thecontentof[C]theneedfor [D]thefunctionofTEXTItoftenhappensthatanumberofapplicantswithalmostidenticalqualificationsandexperienceallapplyforthesameposition.Intheireducationalbackground,specialskillsandworkexperience,thereislittle,ifanything,tochoosebetweenhalfadozencandidates.Howthendoestheemployermakeachoice?Usuallyonthebasisofaninterview.Therearemanyargumentsforandagainsttheinterviewasaselectionprocedure.Themainargumentagainstitisthatitresultsinawhollysubjectivedecision.Asoftenasnot,employersdonotchoosethebestcandidate,theychoosethecandidatewhomakesagoodfirstimpressiononthem.Someemployers,ofcourse,replytothisargumentbysayingthattheyhavebecomesoexperiencedininterviewingstaffthattheyareabletomakeasoundassessmentofeachcandidate’slikelyperformance.Themainargumentinfavouroftheinterview—anditis,perhaps,agoodargument—isthatanemployerisconcernednotonlywithacandidate’sability,butwiththesuitabilityofhisorherpersonalityfortheparticularworksituation.Manyemployers,forexample,willoverlookoccasionalinefficienciesfromtheirsecretaryprovidedshehasapleasantpersonality.Itisperhapstruetosay,therefore,thattherealpurposeofaninterviewisnottoassesstheassessableaspectsofeachcandidatebuttomakeaguessatthemoreintangiblethings,suchaspersonality,characterandsocialability.Unfortunately,bothfortheemployersandapplicantsforjobs,therearemanypeopleofgreatabilitywhosimplydonotinterviewwell.Therearealso,ofcourse,peoplewhointerviewextremelywell,butarelaterfoundtobeveryunsatisfactoryCandidateswhointerviewwelltendtobequietlyconfident,butneverboastful;directandstraightforwardintheirquestionsandanswers;cheerfulandfriendly,butneverover-familiar;andsincerelyenthusiasticandoptimistic.Candidateswhointerviewbadlytendtobeateitherendofthespectrumofhumanbehaviour.Theyareeitherveryshyorover-confident.Theyshoweitheralackofenthusiasmoranexcessofit.Theyeithertalktoolittleorneverstoptalking.Theyareeitherover-politeorrudelyabrupt.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatanemployermighttoleratehissecretary’soccasionalmistakes,ifthelatteris [B] [C] [D]Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheinterviewasaselection [B] [C] [D]Accordingtothepassage,peopleargueovertheinterviewasaselectionproceduremainlybecausetheyhave differentselection [B]differentpurposesinthe[C]differentstandardsfor [D]differentexperiencesinThepurposeofthelastparagraphisto alinkbetweensuccessininterviewandconnectionsbetweenworkabilitiesanddifferencesininterviewdifferencesinpersonalTEXTEveryyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3,000,000’sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.ThisamountstosomethinglikeHK$150millionayear,andrepresentsabout4percentoftheshops’totalstock.Asaresultofthis“shrinkage”astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateur,andthepeoplewhojustcan’thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevision,two-waymirrorsandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhois,sotospeak,aprofessionalinMostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybytheTherealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofshop-lifterisrarelypoor.Hedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthem.Hestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofage,sicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.Whencaught,allareliabletoprosecution,andthedecisionwhethertosendforthepoliceornotisinthehandsofthestoremanager.Inordertopreventthequiteincrediblegrowthinship-liftingoffences,somestores,infact,aredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemis,perhaps,thatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinanotherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999,999passengersmustsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears’timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!Whydoe