语言学模拟题

第二部分基本知识和基本技能测试1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTTrueCA.Languageisasystem.B.LanguageissymbolicC.Animalsalsohavelanguage.D.Languageisarbitrary.任意的2.Whichofthefollowingchoicesisnotaconstituent成分AA.Ilikethesong.B.I C.song D.like3.Ofthefollowingsoundcombination,only ispermissible.AA.kiblB.bkil D.ilbk4.Therelationbetweenthedeterminer“this”andthenoun“man”inthephrase“thisman”is governmentB.concordC.binding D.paradigmatic?.ThesentencethathasaNPandaVPismostlyshowninaformula“STNP+VP〃.A.hierarchicalverticalB.linear C.treediagramD.“Big”and“small”areapairof opposites.BA.complementaryB.gradable可分级的C.completeD.converseWhichofthefollowingphrasesisexocentricA.womenandmenuglymanB.onthetableC.acleverboyD.an8.ArbitrarinessoflanguagewasfirstdiscussedbyA.ChomskyB.Halliday C.Firth D.Saussure9.WhichpairofwordsisNOTaminimalpair最小对立体BA.cat/batbitB.put/but C.jig/pig D.sit/—0.WhichfunctionisthemajorroleofLanguageInformativeB.InterpersonalD.EmotiveIftwosoundsareincomplementarydistribution互补分布,theyare ofthesamesymbolsB.allophonesC.phonesD.signsWhichbranchofstudycannotbeincludedinthescopeofLinguisticDsyntaxB.PragmaticsC.PhoneticsD.AnthropologyAtomisawordof origin.A.LatinB.GreekC.ChomskyD.SpanishThedistinctionoflangueandparoleismadebyHallB.SapirC.Chomsky D.Saussure…5. areboundmorphemesbecausetheycannotbeusedasseparatewords.CRootsB.Stems C.Affixes D.Compounds isthestudyoftherelationshipbetweensymbolsandtheirinterpreter.CA.SyntaxB.SemanticC.PragmaticsD.Sociolinguistic isthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenouns(number,gender,case,etc)andverbs(tense,aspect,voice,etc).CA.PartsofspeechesB.wordclassesC.CategoriesD.FunctionsofwordsThenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”are .BA.homophonesB.homographsC.completehomonymsD.allophonesThe functionoflanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulusesoflanguagebecauseitissocrucial重要的、inchangingtheemotionalstatusofanaudiencefororagainstsomeoneorsomething.A：.performativeB.phaticC.recreationalD.emotiveTheterm maybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.CA.synchroniclinguistic B.comparativelinguisticC.diachroniclinguisticD.historicalcomparativelinguistics examineshowmeaningisencodedinalanguage.AA.SemanticB.SyntaxC.PragmaticsD.MorphologySaussuredistinguishesthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakeras .DA.parole B.language C.systemD.langueThisfundamentaldistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisdiscussedby .AA.ChomskyB.Saussure C.BloomfieldD.Austin}24.Anaffixcanbeaddedtocertaintypeof toformanewword.C/DA.infixB.affixC.stemD.wordInasentence,whichofthefollowingisusuallyNOTstressedCNounsB.VerbsC.PrepositionsD.Adj.Themaximof requiresthataparticipant'scontributionberelevanttotheconversation.DA.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relationTherelationshipbetween“meat”and“meet”is .DA.synonymyB.antonymyC.polysemyD.homonymyThatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenlanguageandtherealworldistheviewof concerningthestudyofmeaning.B语义三角A.namingB.conceptualistC.contextualistD.behavioristWhatarethedualstructuresoflanguageAA.Soundsandletters语音和词汇 B.SoundsandmeaningsC.Lettersandmeanings D.SoundsandsymbolsWherearethevocalcords声带DInthemouthInthenasalcavityAbovethetongueInsidethelarynx喉咙WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrueD/B-A.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Languageissomearbitrarysymbols.Thelanguagesystemisuniquetohumanbeings.Languageisyettobeunderstood. studiesthesoundsysteminacertainlanguage.BA.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.Semantics D.Syntax isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.CA.RootB.AllomorphC.Morpheme D.WordAspeaker'sactualutteranceinChomsky'sterminologyiscalled .DA.deepstructureB.linguisticuniversals~C.universalgrammarD.surfacestructureAwordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled word.AapolysemousB.asynonymousC.anabnormalD.amultipleTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationis .BA.generallinguisticB.phonologyC.semanticsD.morphologyLeechdividedmeaningsinto types.A.4B.5D.7Englishhasmanagedtowidenhervocabularybyborrowingwordsfromotherlanguageexcept .A.FrenchB.KoreanC.LatinD.GreekDistinctivefeatures辨音特质areusedtodescribe .AA.phonesB.phonologyC.allophonesD.phonemes40.TheEnglishword“untouchable”iscomposedof___morphemes.BA.fourB.three C.twoD.fiveTOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheprocessbywhichwordsareformedbyputtingtheinitiallettersofseveralwordstogetheriscalled .A.compoundingB.clippingC.acronymD.blending“TheAdam'sApple”is .A.akindofappleB.relatedtoAdamC.thefrontpartoflarynxD.onthetopoflarynxThefounderofmodernlinguisticsis .DA.ChomskyB.HallidayC.BloomfieldD.SaussureModernlinguisticsfocusesonthepresentdaylanguage,anditwillbepossibletodescribelanguagefroma perspective.B；A.sociologicalB.synchronic C.diachronicD.psychologicalThefourmajormodesofsemanticchangeare .A.extension,narrowing,meaningshiftandclassshiftextension,generalization,elevationanddegradationextension,narrowing,specializationanddegradationextension,elevation,ameliorationanddegradationIntheproductionofconsonantsatleast articulatorareinvolved.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.fourTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThebasicunitinthestudyofmorphologyis .BtheinternalstructureB.morpheme(C.therulesbywhichwordsareformed D.wordTherelationbetween“food”and“bread”iscalled .DsynonymyB.polysemyC.homonymyD.hyponymyVoicelesssoundsareproducedwhenthevocalfoldsare .AA.closedB.apartC.totallyclosedD.completelyopenWhichofthefollowingisNOTacompoundwordBA.PencilboxB.UnreasonableC.DeadlineD.Upstairs involvemorethanonemannersofarticulations发音方法.CA.StopsB.Fricatives摩擦音C.Affricates破擦音D.Laterals侧根Whichisnottrueforthevowel[i]C@A.High B.Unrounded C.Mid D.FrontThesentence“Iapologize!”belongstothecategoryof accordingtoSearle'sspeechacttheory.DexpressivesB.declarationsC.representativeD.commissivesGenerallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof .CA.languageofacertainindividualtheEnglishlanguagehumanlanguagesingeneralthesystemofaparticularlanguageThedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesin .BA.theplaceofarticulation\.theobstructionofairstreamsthepositionofthetonguetheshapeofthelips studieshowspeechsoundsaremade,transmittedandreceived.AA.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.PhonemeD.Phonicssoundsareproducedwiththebackofthetongueandthesoftpalate.DA.VelarB.PalatalC.GlottalD.Alveolar58. isconcernedwiththestudyoftheactualuseoflanguageincommunication.CA.SociolinguisticB.SemanticC.PragmaticslinguisticD.SynchronicWhereistheprimarystressoftheword“phonology”BA.pho B.noC.Io D.gy referstotheutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.CLocutionaryactIIIocutinaryactPerIocutionarySpeechactWhichofthefoIIowingwordsisbuiItbyAbbreviationA.Smog B.FridgeD.EditC.Motel62.WhatisthefullformofLADDA.Languageassociativedistrictacquisitiondistrict(C.LanguageassociativedeviceacquisitiondeviceB.LanguageD.LanguageThesemanticcomponentsoftheword“man”canbeexpressedas .B+animate,+human,+maIe-aduIt+animate,+human,+maIe,+aduIt+animate,+human,—male,—adult+animate,+human,－maIe,+aduItA(n) isthesmallestunitofsoundinalanguage,whichcandistinguishtwowords.CA.morpheme B.sound C.phonemeD.allophoneProductivityisoneofthe featuresoflanguage.BA.distinctiveB.design C.Supra-segmentalD.pragmaticsWhatisthecommonfeatureofthethreesounds:[b],[p],[m]DA.VoicelessB.Voiced C.NasalD.Bilabial双唇音WhichofthefollowingitemsisNOToneofthegrammaticalcategoriesofEnglishpronounsDA.GenderB.NumberC.CaseD.VoiceIntheword“internationalism”,whichpartistherootBA.interB.nationC.alD.ismTOC\o"1-5"\h\z“voicedfricatives->voiceless/ voiceless”isa .A.phonologicalruleB.syntacticruleC.phrasestructureruleD.functionalruleTheword“pen”originallymeant“featherusedforwritingwithink”.Nowitreferstoanydeviceusedforwritingwithink.Thisisanexampleof .A.degradationofmeaningB.broadeningofmeaning\.narrowingofmeaningD.elevationofmeaningTheword“smog”isformedthrough ,BA.backformationB.blendingC.clippingD.derivationIngeneral,languageacquisitionreferstochildren'sdevelopmentoftheir language.A.first B.second C.dialectal D.individualizedWhichofthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrueforvowelsDVowelsaresonorants.Intheproductionofvowels,thereisnoobstructionofair.TongueheightisonecriteriontodistinguishvowelsVowelsarealsocalledobstruents.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z！4.Allsyllablesmusthavea .A.coda B.onset C.nucleus D.consonantLkapsisnotapossiblewordforminEnglishdueto .BA.sonorityscaleB.phonologicalruleC.syntacticruleD.morphologicalruleWhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicofChomsky'sTGGrammarDA.Innateness B.DeductivemethodologyC.Emphasisoninterpretation D.Emphasisonstimulusresponsereinforcement“Judo”isof origin.A.ScottishB.KoreanC.Japanese D.ChineseWhichofthefollowingisthemajorcauseofinventionofnewlexicalitems).TherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyThewayoflanguageteachingThewayofchildren'slanguageacquisitionEconomicactivitiesInChomsky'sTGGrammar,whichtheoryfocuseddiscussionongovernmentalandbindingTheClassicalTheoryB.TheStandardTheoryC.TheExtendedStandardTheory D.TheRevisedExtendedStandardTheoryWhenthesuffix isaddedtoaverb,itchangesthisverbintoanadjective.AA.less B.ness C.fullyD.erThefunctionofthesentence“Lovelyweather,isn'tit”is .B.A.informativeB.phaticC.performativeD.recreationalOncethenotionof wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledintopragmatics.BA.meaningB.contextC.formD.contentWhichofthefollowingcriteriacanNOTbeusedtoclassifyvowelsCA.ThepartofthetonguethatisheldhighestB.TheopennessofthemouthC.Thevibrationofthevocalcords D.Theshapeofthelips84.Thereare maximsunderthecooperativeprinciple.CA.2B.3C.4D.585.ChomskyarguesthatLADprobablyconsistsof elements.A.2B.3C.4D.5%86.“Buy”and“sell”formapairof .CA.conversivesB.gradableantonymsC.complementaryantonymsD.markedantonymsIfaphonemeissubstitutedforanotherinawordandthesubstitutionresultsinachangeofthewordmeaning,thetwophonemesaresaidtobeminimalpairB.minimalsetC.distinctivephonemesD.distinctivefeatures isaphrasewhichcanonlybeunderstoodasaunit,notasasummationofthemeaningofeachconstituentword.BA.CollocationB.IdiomC.SemanticcomponentD.distinctivefeaturesThewell-knownformula:STr...sTRwasputforwardby .AA.BloomfieldB.FirthC.HockettD.Harris isapairofcomplementaryantonyms.DA.WildandtameB.NimbleandlameC.ColdandwarmD.AliveanddeadA1.Firth'ssecondimportantcontributiontolinguisticsishismethodofprosodicanalysis,called .A.prosodicphonology B.featuregeometryC.optimalityphonology D.super-segmentalphonologyWhichofthefollowingisNOTaSupra-segmentalfeatureDA.SyllableB.StressC.ToneD.VoicelessnessTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThesindrumsis .DA.amorphemeB.astemC.arootD.aninflectionalaffixThewordbodyguardisa .AcompoundwordB.complexwordC.derivationwordD.freemorphemeInEnglish,thegenderdistinctionsare .D/B》A.notrelatedtorealworldentitiesonthewholenaturaldividedintoFeminine,MasculineandneuterdividedintoFeminineandMasculineHalliday'sSystemic-FunctionalGrammartakes astheobjectofstudy.actualusesoflanguageidealspeaker'slinguisticcompetencechildren'slanguageadult'slanguageWhichofthefollowingEnglishwordisNOTbilabialD[b] B.[m] C.[p] D.[f] canbeusedindependentlywithoutbeingcombinedwithothermorphemes.AA.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.AffixesD.RootsWhichofthefollowingwordsisaderivation派生词oneCA.BlackboardB.SingsC.AstonishmentD.BoysJohnAustinproposed inthelate1950s.AA.SpeechActTheoryB.7typesofmeaningC.CooperativePrincipleD.PredicationanalysisWTOis .A.anabbreviation(.anacronymawordwhichisformedbyblendingawordwhichisformedbybackformationForBloomfield,linguisticsisabranchofpsychologyandspecificallyofthebrandofpsychologyknownas .A.behaviorismB.structuralismC.competenceD.performanceWhichofthefollowingisavoicelessbilabialstopDA.[w] B.[m] C.[b] D.[p] isNOTagrammaticalcategoryofEnglishverbs.DA.Tense B.Aspect C.NumberD.GenderAllwordscontaina .A：.root B.boundmorphemeC.prefix D.suffixOfthefollowingwordformationprocesses, isthemostproductive.A.clippingB.blendingC.initialismD.derivation practicedaspecialstyleofsynchroniclinguisticsanditsmostimportantcontributiontolinguisticsisthatitseeslanguageintermsoffunction.A.TheLondonSchool B.AmericanstructuralismC.ThePragueSchool D.TheTGGrammar isNOTincludedinLeech'sassociativemeaning.

A.Connotativemeaning B.SocialmeaningC.Collocativemeaning D.Thematicmeaning dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandnonlinguisticworldofexperience.B$A.Sense B.Reference C.SymbolD.ThoughtLuggageandbaggageare synonyms.AA.dialectalB.stylistic C.semanticallydifferentD.collocationalThemaximofqualityrequires:donotsaywhatyoubelievetobe .AA.false B.trueC.indirectD.insufficientKnightoriginallymeantyouth,butnowitmeansamedievalgentlemansoldier.Thisisameaning .A.broadcastingB.narrowingC.meaningshiftD.classshiftExpressionslike“Tom”or“He”canbothbefilledintheblankofthesentence“ issmiling.”SoTomandHehave relation.A.syntagmaticB.paradigmaticC.systematicD.governingFoolishwhichcomefrom“fool+ish”isa word.A\.derivationalB.inflectionalC.compoundD.complexThePragueSchoolisbestknownforitscontributiontoA.phonetics B.syntaxC.morphologyD.phonologyWhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionoflanguageA.Metalingualfunction B.InterpersonalfunctionC.EmotivefunctionD.Culturaltransmission“Wecandothingswithwords”isthemainideaof .AB.thecooperativeD.pragmaticsA.thespeechacttheoryB.thecooperativeD.pragmaticsC.thepoliteprinciplesMotelisa(n) .，，.abbreviationB.coinageC.blendingD.acronymA.“Fair”(adj)and“fair”(n)B.“Flea”and“flee”C.“Lead”(v)and“lead”(n)D.“Compliment”and“complement”Theclassicsemantictriangleortriangleofsignificancemainlyillustratestheviewof .AA.conceptualismB.contextualismC.behaviorismD.structuralismWecanrefertoConfucius,eventhoughhehasbeendeadforover2500years.Thisfeatureoflanguageiscalled .DA.dualityB.creativityC.arbitrarinessD.displacementWhichfunctionoflanguageisalsocalledideationalfunctionintheframeworkoffunctionalgrammarA.InformativefunctionB.Interpersonalfunction、.EmotivefunctionD.Recreationalfunction investigatestheinterrelationoflanguageandmind.AA.PsycholinguisticB.SociolinguisticC.AnthropologicallinguisticsD.ComputationallinguisticsMorphologyisconcernedwithA.themeaningofwordsthepronunciationofwordstheinternalorganizationofwordsthecombinationofwordsintosentencesTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThesentence“Youshouldneveruseclicheinwriting”is .B?A.descriptive B.prescriptiveC.obligatory D.narrativeIfastudyfocusesonShakespeareanlanguage,itis study.BA.diachronicB.synchronic C.systematic D.pragmatic isthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech.CA.Auditoryphonetics B.ArticulatoryphoneticsC.Acousticphonetics D.phonology/l/istheonly inEnglish.DA.fricativeB.affricativeC.nasalD.lateralTOC\o"1-5"\h\z[f,v]arebothlabiodentalsand .BA.nasalsB.fricatives摩擦音C.affricativesD.alveolar)30.TheideaofestablishingaphoneticalphabetwasfirstproposedbytheDanishgrammarian .A.OttoJespersenB.DanielJones C.A.J.Ellis D.A.M.BellTheSecondPatternsofEnglishmainlydealswith A.multi-levelphonologyC.supersegmentalphonologyphonologyA.multi-levelphonologyC.supersegmentalphonologyphonologyInChinesePutonghua,only_non-linearphonologyD.linearapproachof canoccurafterthevowel.A.nasalsB.stopsC.lateralD.vowelsAcompoundiscomposedof .DA.arootandanaffixB.astemandanaffixD.twofreemorphemesarootandafreemorphemeD.twofreemorphemes#34.Thewordhamburgerisof origin.A.AmericanB.ItalianC.GermanD.FrenchThephrase“thethreesmallChinesechildren”is construction.A.endocentricB.exocentric C.hierarchicallinearTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThecontextualistviewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfrom .BA.functionB.contextC.instinctD.observationIfonewordhasmorethanonemeaning,thenwecallit .AA.polysemyB.synonymy C.homonymy D.hyponymyThewords“male”or“female”are antonyms.BA.gradableB.complementaryC.converseD.complete]139.Thewords“amaze”and“astound”areverycloseinmeaning,theyare synonyms.BA.dialectalB.stylistic C.semanticallydifferentD.collocational140.WhichpairistheemotivesynonymCA.dadandfatherB.flatandapartmentC.meanandfrugalD.chargeandaccuse141.Thewords“rain”and“reign”are______.CA.homographsB.completehomonymsC.homophonesD.allophonesB.L.Whorfwasthestudentof .A.BloomfieldB.FirthC.HallidayD.SapirWhichofthefollowingfunctionareNOTthefunctionsputforwardbyHalliday、.TheIdeationalFunctionB.TheInterpersonalFunctionC.GenerativeFunctionD.TheTextualFunctionWhichofthefollowingisNOTSaussure'sfieldofstudyA.LinguisticB.SociologyC.PsychologyD.AnthropologyGriceintroducesfourcategoriesofmaxims,whichonemeansweshouldbeclearinourmeaningBA.QuantityMaximB.MannerMaximC.QualityMaximD.RelationMaxim146.TheQ-principleis .A.hearer-basedB.speaker-basedC.boththehearerandthespeakerbasedD.context-basedSenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyof .B,A.wordfunction B.wordmeaningC.wordstructureD.wordsystemThenotionofFunctionalSentencePerspectiveisusedtodescribe .A.howinformationisdistributedinsentenceshowsentencesareformedthefunctionofsentencestherelationbetweenlanguageanditsusers.ThefirstmajortheoryinthestudyoflanguageinuseiscalledA.illocutionarytheoryB.SpeechActTheoryC.conversationalimplicatureD.theQandR-principle%150. isthemajorconcernofsemantics.AA.MeaningB.WordsC.SentencestructuresD.Phrasestructurerules.2005-2012年专八语言学真题B.InEnglish讦awordbeginswitha[I]ora[r],thenthenextsoundmustbeavowel.Thisisa(n) .A.assimilationrule.B.sequentialruleC.deletionrule.D.grammarrule.D.WhichofthefollowingisanexampleofclippingA.APEC. B.Motel. C.Xerox.D.Disco.A.Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetoaparticulartypeof"situationiscalled .A.register. B.dialect. C.slang.D.variety.~4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage？A.Arbitrariness. B.Displacement. C.Duality.D.Diachronicity.Whattypeofsentenceis“Marklikesfiction,butTimisinterestedinpoetry.”？A.Asimplesentence. B.Acoordinatesentence.C.Acomplexsentence. D.Noneoftheabove.ThephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameformiscalledA.hyponymy.B.synonymy.C.polysemy.D.homonymy.ThestudyofthementalprocessesoflanguagecomprehensionandproductionisA.corpuslinguistics. B.sociolinguistics.C.theoreticallinguistics.D.psycholinguistics.AspeciallanguagevarietythatmixeslanguagesandisusedbyspeakersofdifferentlanguagesforpurposesoftradingiscalledA.dialect. B.idiolect.C.pidgin. D.register.Whenaspeakerexpresseshisintentionofspeaking,suchasaskingsomeonetoopenthewindow