高中英语人教版一轮课时提升作业十四必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。十四必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·衡阳模拟)BythetimeRobertPorterAllenwasbornin1905,thewhoopingcrane(鸣鹤)wasalreadyintrouble.ThebeautifulbirdwasoncemonlyfoundacrossNorthAmerica.By1941,thewhoopingcranepopulationhaddwindledtothedoubledigits.ThetallestspeciesinNorthAmericawascriticallyendangered.Inthe1940s,theremainingcranesmigrated(迁徙)everyyearfromtheGulfCoastofTexastosomewhereinthenorthofCanadatobreed(繁殖).Theconservationmunitydidn’tknowwherethebirdswent.Thewetlandswheretheyusedtospendwintersweregrowingrarerandrarerasthetiny,nonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcraneswasaliveinLouisianain1941,butthegrouphaddisappearedbythetimeAllenstartedhisresearch.In1942,Allenundertookthewhoopingcraneprojectoverthenextthreeyears.HedidalmostconstantfieldworkthattookhimfromTexasupthecranes’migrationroutetoNebraska,andonintoSaskatchewaninsearchofthenestinggroundofthebirds.Studyingthebirdinitsbreedinghabitatandseeinghowmanybirdswerebornwouldallowconservationiststounderstandhowtohelpthebirdsontheirjourney.Butfindingthewhoopingcrane’snestingsitemeantdifficultandfruitlessairsearchesovernorthernCanada.In1952,Allenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.Thereportwasawarningcalltotheconservationmunity:only33migratory“whoopers”remained,andtheirnestingsitestillhadn’tbeenfound.Twoyearslater,thewhoopingcranes’breedinggroundsinCanada’sWoodBuffaloNationalParkwerefinallyfound,andAllenheadednorthtostudythemfirsthand—an“incrediblydifficultjourney”,inSprunt’swords.Allen’sworklaidthegroundworkforconservationiststosavethebirds.Theireffortspaidoffasthenumbersreached57by1970and214by2005.Today,thewhoopingcraneisstilllistedasendangered,butthereareroughly600birdsalive.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ItisastoryaboutAllen’ssearchingforalostbird.B.Itisastoryaboutthecranes’longmigrationflight.C.Itisastoryaboutthecranesurvivingthewinters.D.Itisastoryaboutconservingthewhoopingcrane.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读文章可知,整篇文章都是围绕保护濒危鸟类——鸣鹤的内容展开的,故答案为D项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindled”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Increased. B.Reduced.C.Stayed. D.Limited.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文“BythetimeRobertPorterAllenwasbornin1905,thewhoopingcranewasalreadyintrouble.ThebeautifulbirdwasoncemonlyfoundacrossNorthAmerica.”猜测画线词所在句句意:到1941年,鸣鹤的数量已经减少到两位数,所以答案为B项。3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismainlyresponsibleforwhathappenedtotheremainingwhoopingcranes?A.Habitatloss. B.Illegalhunting.C.Naturaldisasters. D.Deadlydiseases.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“Thewetlandswheretheyusedtospendwintersweregrowingrarerandrarerasthetiny,nonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcraneswasaliveinLouisianain1941”可知栖息地的丧失是造成鸣鹤逐渐消失的主要原因,所以答案为A项。4.Whichofthefollowingeventstookplacein1954?A.Thenonmigratinggroupofwhoopingcranesdisappeared.B.RobertPorterAllenundertookthewhoopingcraneproject.C.Thewhoopingcranes’breedinggroundswerefound.D.RobertPorterAllenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In1952,Allenwroteareportonthewhoopingcrane.”以及“Twoyearslater,thewhoopingcranes’breedinggroundsinCanada’sWoodBuffaloNationalParkwerefinallyfound”可知答案为C项。【知识拓展】鸣鹤鸟,鹤科(GRUIDAE)鸟类,学名为GRUSAMERICANA,即美洲鹤,最高的美洲鸟,也是世界稀禽之一,正式列为濒危物种。美国内政部渔猎局正在繁殖笼养美洲鹤,试图增加其数量(20世纪80年代初仅余近100只,尚有笼养约24只)。体高约150厘米,翅展约210厘米。体羽白色,翅尖黑色,腿黑色,裸露的面部和头顶红色。其鸣叫声在3.2千米外都能听到。据信,若干时间以来美洲鹤之类的鸟类的数量之所以下降,主要原因是生态条件的改变,人类的捕猎及垦荒只是部分原因。它们又好集群,因此易受不利环境条件的影响,幼雏死亡率高,因此种群恢复极慢。BMorethan90yearshaspassedsinceHollywood’sofficialfilmorganizationfirstproposedplanstobuilditsownmuseum.Thoseplansarefinallybeingareality,withtheAcademyMuseumofMotionPicturessettoopenin2019.TheprojectisunderwayatthesiteofahistoricLosAngelesdepartmentstorebuiltin1939.Museumofficialssayvisitorswillbeableto“experiencethemagicofcinema”bylearningaboutallpartsofthefilmmakingprocess.FilmhistorianKerryBrougherhasbeennameddirectorofthemuseum.Broughersaysthemuseumwillincludeover12millionphotographsand80,000screenplaysaswellasprops(道具),costumesandotherobjectsfromfamousfilms.TheAcademyMuseumwillalsofeatureOscarstatuettes(小雕像)donatedbyactorswhowontheawards.Broughersaysthemuseumisdesignedtomakevisitorsfeelliketheyareinamovie,too,withmanyinteractiveexperiences.“Youwon’tnecessarilyknowwhat’singnext,”headds.“You’llbeinenvironmentssometimesthatmakeyoufeellikeyou’vegonebacktothepastandthatyou’reintheareathatyou’reactuallyexploring.”HeaddsthatvisitorsmayevengetthechancetowalkdownaredcarpetandaccepttheirownAcademyAward.Currently,Hollywoodonlyhasafewpossibilitiesforvisitors.TheycangoalongtheWalkofFame,visitmoviestudiosorseetheDolbyTheater,wheretheOscarsarepresented.Butbeyondthese,moviefanshavelimitedpossibilities.EricGarcetti,themayorofLosAngelessaystheAcademyMuseumwillprovidevisitorswiththechancetoexperiencemanydifferentpartsofthefilmindustryallinoneplace.Garcettinotesthemuseumwillalsoservethehundredsofthousandsoflocalpeopleworkinginfilmrelatedbusinesses.Hesaysthey,too,willfinallybeabletovisitaplacethatcelebratestheirownHollywoodmovieindustry.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了好莱坞终于有了自己的电影博物馆,并于2019年向公众开放。5.WhenwastheideaofbuildingamuseuminHollywoodfirstputforward?A.Inthe1920s.B.In1939.C.Inthe1990s. D.In2019.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知,自好莱坞官方电影组织首次提出建立自己的博物馆的计划,时间已经过去了九十多年,因此大约在20世纪20年代第一次提出了在好莱坞建立博物馆的想法,故选A项。6.WhatcanwelearnfromBrougher’swords?A.Photosofvisitorswillbeputondisplay.B.Settingsinthemuseumwillfeelquitereal.C.Mostvisitorswillbepresentedwithanaward.D.Actorswilldonatemuchmoneytothemuseum.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“You’llbeinenvironments...thatyou’reactuallyexploring.”可知,博物馆的环境会让你有回到过去、身临其境的感觉,故从Brougher的话中可以推断出博物馆的背景环境令人感觉非常真实,故选B项。7.WhatisEricGarcetti’sattitudetowardstheAcademyMuseum?A.Supportive. B.Critical.C.Disapproving. D.Cautious.【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据最后一段中EricGarcetti说的话可知,Garcetti认为博物馆将为游客提供体验电影行业许多不同方面的机会,并为成千上万在电影相关行业工作的当地人员服务。因此可知,Garcetti对博物馆持支持的态度,故选A项。8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheFilmmakingPlansinHollywoodB.TheFilmmakingProcessofHollywoodC.HollywoodMakingPlansofFilmMuseumsD.HollywoodGettingItsOwnFilmMuseum【解析】选D。标题归纳题。通读全文及根据本文第一段中的“Thoseplansarefinallybeingareality,withtheAcademyMuseumofMotionPicturessettoopenin2019.”可知,本文主要围绕“好莱坞将要建成自己的电影博物馆”这个主题展开论述,故选D项。【知识拓展】佳句积累

1.Thoseplansarefinallybeingareality,withtheAcademyMuseumofMotionPicturessettoopenin2019.

随着电影学院博物馆(AcademyMuseumofMotionPictures)于2019年开放,这些计划终于成为了现实。2.Broughersaysthemuseumisdesignedtomakevisitorsfeelliketheyareinamovie,too,withmanyinteractiveexperiences.

布鲁尔说,博物馆的设计让游客感觉他们也在电影中,里面还有许多互动体验。Ⅱ.完形填空AfterIstruggledtogetovermyfirstwifeCeorgia’sdeath,mylifefinallyreturnedtonormal.Butafewweeksaftershewascalledtoheaven,Iwascookingdinnerformysonandmyself.Fora1,Idecidedonfrozenpeas.AsIwascuttingopenthebag,it2frommyhandsandcrashedtothefloor.Thepeasrolledeverywhere.Itriedtousea3,butwitheachswipethepeasrolledacrossthe4,bouncedoffthewallontheothersideandrolledinanother5.

Mymentalstateatthetimewas6.Losingmywifeisanunbearable7.Igotonmyhandsandkneesandpulledthemintoa8.IwashalflaughingandhalfcryingasI9them.Icouldseethehumorinwhathappened,10itdoesn’ttakemuchforapersondealingwithgrief(悲痛)tobreakdown.

Forthenextweek,everytimeIwasinthekitchen,Iwouldfindapeathathad11myfirstcleanup.EightmonthslaterI12therefrigeratortoclean,andfoundthosefew13peas.Atthattime,Iwasinanew14withawonderfulwomanImetataparty.Afterwemarried,Iwas15ofthosepeasundertherefrigerator.I16thatmylifehadbeenlikethatbagoffrozenpeas.Mywifewas17.Iwasinanewcitywithabusyjobandasonhavingtroubleadjustingtohisnew18andthelossofhismother.

Whenlifegetsyoudown;whenyouthinkyoucannever19thetoughtimes,remember,itisjustabagofscattered,frozenpeas.Youwillfindallthepeas.Whenyoupullallthepeastogether,lifewillbe20again.

【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者的妻子去世了,作者感到生活完全破碎了。后来作者意识到:困难时期生活就像一袋散了的冻豌豆。但是最终你会找到所有散落的豌豆,渡过艰难时期,生活终将变得完整。1.A.fruit B.vegetableC.meat D.salad【解析】选B。fruit水果;vegetable蔬菜;meat肉;salad沙拉。pea属于蔬菜类,故B选项正确。2.A.slipped B.disappearedC.crawled D.lost【解析】选A。slip滑,滑倒;disappear消失;crawl爬,爬行;lose失去。根据下文中“Thepeasrolledeverywhere”可推知,作者在剪开袋子的时候,袋子从作者的手里滑了下去,掉到了地板上。豌豆滚得到处都是。故A选项正确。3.A.tool B.cloth C.brush D.broom【解析】选D。tool工具;cloth布;brush刷子;broom扫帚。根据后面的eachswipe可知,作者用扫帚扫掉到地上的豌豆。故D选项正确。4.A.kitchen B.washroomC.restaurant D.bedroom【解析】选A。kitchen厨房;washroom洗手间;restaurant餐馆;bedroom卧室。作者做晚饭,当然是在厨房里。故A项正确。5.A.disagreement B.effortC.direction D.panion【解析】选C。disagreement异议,分歧;effort努力;direction方向;panion同伴。豌豆从另一边的墙上反弹过来,向另一个方向滚去。故C选项正确。6.A.fragile B.gentleC.potential D.ambitious【解析】选A。fragile易碎的;gentle温柔的;potential有潜力的;ambitious有雄心的,有野心的。根据下文中的“Iwashalflaughingandhalfcrying”可知,当时作者的精神状态几近崩溃,很脆弱,妻子的去世对他打击很大。故A项正确。7.A.sorrow B.pain C.emotion D.anger【解析】选B。sorrow悲伤;pain痛苦;emotion情绪,情感;anger生气。妻子去世对丈夫来说是一种难以忍受的痛苦。故B选项正确。8.A.piece B.part C.pile D.line【解析】选C。piece片,条;part部分;pile堆;line线。作者四肢着地,将豌豆归拢到一起,堆成一堆。故C项正确。9.A.collected B.accumulatedC.obtained D.possessed【解析】选A。collect收集;accumulate积累;obtain获得;possess占有,拥有。根据前文中的“pulledthemintoa_________”可知,作者在将四散的豌豆收集到一起。故A项正确。

10.A.and B.or C.so D.but【解析】选D。前面提到:我能从所发生的事情中看出幽默。后面提到:一个经历悲伤的人不需要太多的时间就能崩溃。很明显,前后两句之间是转折关系。故D项正确。11.A.attracted B.destroyedC.escaped D.buried【解析】选C。attract吸引;destroy毁坏;escape逃脱;bury埋葬。接下来的一周里,每次作者在厨房里的时候,都会找到一颗最初“逃过”清理的豌豆。故C项正确。12.A.pickedout B.setoutC.pulledout D.figuredout【解析】选C。pickout挑选出;setout出发,动身;pullout拉出,抽出;figureout弄清楚,弄明白。根据下文中的“thosepeasundertherefrigerator”可知,作者为了清理,要把冰箱从原地拉出来,这样才能发现冰箱下面的豌豆。故C选项正确。13.A.delicious B.remainingC.massive D.additional【解析】选B。delicious美味的;remaining剩下的;massive巨大的,庞大的;additional额外的,附加的。作者八个月后找到了剩下的豌豆。故B项正确。14.A.concern B.moodC.connection D.relationship【解析】选D。concern担心,关心;mood情绪;connection连接;relationship关系。作者和聚会上遇到的一位女士开始了一段新的(恋爱)关系。故D项正确。15.A.informed B.remindedC.accused D.required【解析】选B。inform通知,告知;remind提醒;accuse指控;require要求。下文的内容都是作者通过“豌豆事件”感悟出来的。也就是说,那些豌豆“提醒”了作者这些道理。故B选项正确。16.A.supposed B.doubtedC.recalled D.sensed【解析】选D。suppose认为,假设;doubt怀疑;recall回忆;sense感觉到,意识到。“豌豆事件”让作者意识到他曾经的生活就像那袋冻豌豆。故D项正确。17.A.gone B.asleepC.fortunate D.severe【解析】选A。gone离开的,过去的;asleep睡着的;fortunate幸运的;severe严重的。第一段提到作者的妻子去世了,即离开了。故A项正确。18.A.friends B.timesC.lessons D.surroundings【解析】选D。friend朋友;time次数,倍数;lesson教训,功课;surroundings周围环境。根据前面的“anewcity”可知,作者和儿子在一个新的城市生活,儿子必须要适应新的环境,还要适应母亲去世这个事实。故D项正确。19.A.takeoff B.giveawayC.getthrough D.holdup【解析】选C。takeoff起飞;giveaway赠送,泄露;getthrough完成,渡过,通过;holdup举起,支撑。当你认为你永远也不可能度过艰难时期的时候,记住:这只不过是一袋散了的冻豌豆。你总会找到所有散落的豌豆(暗指你总会度过艰难时期)。故C项正确。20.A.clear B.wholeC.correct D.plex【解析】选B。clear清楚的;whole完整的,整个的;correct正确的;plex复杂的。当你将所有的豌豆聚拢到一起的时候,(破碎的)生活将会再次变得完整。故B项正确。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Threehundredyearsago,themaohouor“hairymonkeys”quicklybecamemuchlovedbythepeopleinBeijing.Howdidsomebodyeupwiththem?Thestory1._________(go)thattheshopkeeperofaChinesemedicineshopwasoftenseenshoutingathisemployees.Oneeveninganapprenticewastidyinguptheingredients(原料)2.(use)tomakeChinesemedicinesintheshop.Topassthetime,hefound3._________(he)makingalittlefigureoutofthefeatheryflowersandtheheadandlegsofacicada’s(蝉)skin.Theapprenticeshowedittohiscolleagues,4.(joke)thatitlookedliketheirbadtemperedboss.

Thelittlecreaturebecamesuch5._________hitthattheystartedmakingmorefigures.Thus,Beijing’sunbelievablecraftof“hairymonkey”making6._________(born).

Nowadays,“hairymo