2019北京高考英语(精校)

./第一部分：知识运用〔共两节,45分第一节语法填空〔共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分第一节语法填空〔共10小题：每小题1.5分,共15分阅读下列短文,根据短文容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。AOnthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I1〔voicemybiggestconcerntomymother.＂HowwillImakefriends?＂Shehandedmeadvice.＂Beyourself.＂Forthepast20years.Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecomepartoftherealworld.Nervously2〔facechallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto3〔Ithetwosimplewords＂Beyourself＂.BEarthDay,4〔markon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated51970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions〔地区.Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious6〔activityonEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwithlocallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.CDoesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion7〔suggestthat,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan8theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose9aretotallyengaged〔参与inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources〔资源.Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand10〔meaningcollegeexperience.第二节完形填空〔共20小题；每小题1.5分,共30分阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhisneighbourhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen11freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.Sincehefirststarted12hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas13astonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorous14withthestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe’s15havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim＂Grandpa＂.TinaStern17ridesfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree18."It’snotjustaride；you’renotjustsittingtherein19silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.＂Sternsaid.＂Heasksyouquestionsandactually20theanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’ll21thosethings."Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganization,OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe22asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes23toensurethewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonisthereto24them.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever25tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it’salsoentirely26forthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto27vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhas28themtocompletetheireducation—butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe29.＂IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids,"Wilsonsaid."It’ssucha〔n30tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories."11.A.linking B.sending C.offering D.distributing12.A.donatingB.lending C.deliveringD.volunteering13.A.paved B.covered C.measured D.wandered14.A.arguments B.interviews C.negotiations D.wandered15.A.metB.driven C.addressed D.conversations16.A.evenB.everC.onceD.already17.A.earnedB.receivedC.assessedD.demanded18.A.transportationB.styleC.timeD.communication19.A.forcedB.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious20.A.selectsB.recitesC.guessesD.remembers21.A.actonB.settleon C.checkonD.agreeon22.A.clubB.leagueC.collegeD.programme23.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards24.A.assistB.watchC.urgeD.warn25.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates26.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate27.A.shareB.fuelC.repairD.exchange28.A.requiredB.allowedC.remindedD.convinced29.A.experienceB.arrangementC.appreciationD.employment30.A.effortB.ambition C.privilegeD.convenience第二部分：阅读理解〔共两节,40分第一节〔共15小题；每小题2分,共30分阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation〔GDA.Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity〔社区.Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes：CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:.Email:31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A.Toseeklocalpartners. B.Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C.Tocarryoutprogrammes. D.Tofosterculturalawareness.32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein.A.EgyptB.Algeria C.KenyaD.SouthAfrica33.ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsisto.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefits D.helpcommunitiesinneedBAliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur〔创业者,whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth. B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies. D.Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney. B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout. D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.CTheproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams〔欺诈.Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese＂solutions"〔解决方案becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation<处理>andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches〔数据侵入ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.38.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.39.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammerscan___________.A.aimatvictimspreciselyB.damagedatabaseseasilyC.startcampaignsrapidlyD.spreadinformationwidely40.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.41.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnologyDBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms〔海洋微生物calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide〔二氧化碳intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.＂Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging,＂shesaid,＂butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.＂Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,＂itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.＂Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.＂It’llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange,＂Dutkiewiczsaid,＂butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.＂42.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂vulnerable＂inParagraph3probablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B.Dutkiewicz’smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C.Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D.Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B.Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.第二节〔共5小题；每小题2分,共10分根据短文容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muchoftheworkintoday’sworldisaccomplished〔完成inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.46Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?47Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam’sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn’tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam’sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate〔协调theiractions.48Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam’sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,＂ThereisnoIinTEAM.＂49Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war〔拔河比赛,wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.50.AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.A.It’snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers’attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F.Buildingupadreamtea