碘升华气固平衡时饱和蒸汽压与温度的数据处理

五，实验数据处理,,,,,,

（1）晶体碘的特征温度θ,,,,,,

碘升华气固平衡时饱和蒸汽压与温度的数据表,,,,,,

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T/K,298.25,303.35,308.35,313.25,318.65,323.25

透光率I/I0,0.965,0.951,0.925,0.898,0.870,0.831

蒸汽压P/Pa,52.5573,75.3834,118.9038,166.6921,219.4918,295.9894

ln(PT5/2(1-e-θv/T))与T-1的数据表,,,,,,

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T/K,298.25,303.35,308.35,313.25,318.65,323.25

T-1,0.00335,0.00330,0.00324,0.00319,0.00314,0.00309

蒸汽压P/Pa,52.5573,75.3834,118.9038,166.6921,219.4918,295.9894

PT5/2(1-e-θv/T),51876270,76874889,125120927,180780814,245934600,340818091

ln(PT5/2(1-e-θv/T)),17.7644,18.1577,18.6448,19.0128,19.3206,19.6469

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"由公式ln(PT5/2(1-e-θv/T))=ln((2mπk/h2)3/2kθ6/σθr)-(D0-We)/kT得ln(PT5/2(1-e-θv/T))与1/T为线性相关，其图像斜率为-(D0-We)/k，截距为ln((2mπk/h2)3/2k/σθr)+6lnθ，而又由实验数据的，线性方程截距为42.220，即ln((2mπk/h2)3/2k/σθr)+6lnθ=18.395+6lnθ=42.220,解得碘的特征温度θ=58.98K",,,,,,

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（2）晶体碘的标准熵SΘ(T)与升华焓ΔH,,,,,,

"a.由公式S(T)=6Nsk(1+ln(T/θ))得，各温度下晶体碘的标准熵,而气体碘的的摩尔标准熵随温度变化不大，实验过程中可看作常数，其值为Sm,g(298K)=260.69J·K-1·mol-1,故碘在升华过程中ΔST=Sg(T)-Ss(T)",,,,,,

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"b.在298.15K时，碘升华的ΔH(298.15K)=62.438kJ·mol-1,而碘升华过程中ΔCp,m=Cp,m(s)-Cp,m(g)=-17.54J·K-1·mol-1,而根据基希霍夫公式ΔH(T)=ΔH(298.15K)+ΔCp,m(T-298.15)/1000,据此可计算出实验的相对误差。",,,,,,

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T/K,298.25,303.35,308.35,313.25,318.65,323.25

Ss/J·K-1,130.7323,131.578,132.3936,133.18,134.0326,134.7476

ΔST,129.9577,129.112,128.2964,127.51,126.6574,125.9424

Kp,52.55730,75.38340,118.90380,166.69210,219.49180,295.98940

ΔHT=TΔST-RTlnKp（实验值）,57.48,57.30,56.83,56.60,56.58,56.36

ΔH(T)(理论值),62.44,62.35,62.26,62.17,62.08,62.00

相对误差,7.93%,8.09%,8.73%,8.96%,8.86%,9.09%

"另：利用克-克方程求解ΔH（lnp=-ΔH/RT+C,直线斜率为-ΔH/R，）",,,,,,

T/K,298.25,303.35,308.35,313.25,318.65,323.25

1/T,0.00335,0.00330,0.00324,0.00319,0.00314,0.00309

蒸汽压P/Pa,52.5573,75.3834,118.9038,166.6921,219.4918,295.9894

lnp,3.9619,4.3226,4.7783,5.1161,5.3913,5.6903

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"由图像得，直线斜率为-ΔH/R=-6693.6，代入解得ΔH=55.651kJ·mol-1.与298.15时的