高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 4 讲案

Lesson5必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters（讲案）【本节知识切片】模块题型拆分难度是否掌握一．重点词汇和短语1.词汇英译汉★☆☆☆☆2.核心词汇拓展★★★★☆3.课内短语积累★★★☆☆二．课内长难句1.长难句考点解析★★☆☆☆2.长难句翻译★★☆☆☆3.语法模拟造句★★☆☆☆三．语法：名词短语、形容词短语、形容词短语1.名词短语构成形式及句法功能★★☆☆☆2.形容词短语构成形式及句法功能★★☆☆☆3.副词短语构成形式及句法功能★★☆☆☆一、课前检测【单句适当形式填空】1.Itwasthesecondair______________（灾难）inlessthantwomonth.2.Thegroundisashardasstoneafterthe_______________.（干旱）3.Thethief_______________（溜进）intotheroomquietly.4.Whatarethe_______________（救援）workersandsoldersdoingintheflood-hitarea?5.Smokingseriously______________（damage）yourhealth.6.Enoughlavaoutofthevolcanothathad______________(erupt)buriedtheentirevillage.7.Attheendofthenews，theyoftengiveyoua______________(总结)ofthemainnewsstories.8.What______________(打动)memostwastheirstrongdesireforknowledge.9.Theprofessorwill______________(发表)aspeechonenvironmentprotection.10.Andweshouldgive______________(aid)tostrangerswhentheyneedhelp.二、重点词汇和短语已掌握请打√单词音标词性中文释义□disaster disaster[dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)]n.□tornado[tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ]n.□drought[draʊt]n.□landslide[ˈlændslaɪd]n.□slide[slaɪd]vi.&vt.□tsunami[tsu:ˈnɑ:mi]n.flood

[flʌd]n.vi.vt.□volcaniceruption[vɔlˈkænɪk

ɪˈrʌpʃn]□magnitude[ˈmægnɪtju:d]n.□rescue[ˈreskju:]vt.&n.□damage[ˈdæmɪdʒ]vt.n.□destroy

[dɪ'strɔɪ]vt.□evacuate[ɪˈvækjueɪt]vt.vi.□helicopter[ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)]n.□death[deθ]n.□affect[ə'fekt]vt.□shelter['ʃeltə(r)]n.vt.&vi.□crack[kræk]n.vi.&vt.□asif□ruin['ru:ɪn]n.&vt.□inruins□percent[pəˈsent]n.adj.&adv□brick[brɪk]n.□metal

['metl]n.□shock[ʃɒk]n.vt.□

inshock

□electricity[ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti]n.□trap[træp]vt.n.□bury[ˈberi]vt.□breathe[bri:ð]vt.&vi.□revive[rɪˈvaɪv]vt.&vi.□revival[rɪˈvaɪvl]n.□effort

['efət]n.□unify[ˈju:nɪfaɪ]vt.&vi□wisdom[ˈwɪzdəm]n.□context[ˈkɒntekst]n.□suffer

[ˈsʌfə]vt.vi.□volcano[vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ]n.□erupt[ɪˈrʌpt]vt.&vi.□supply

[səˈplaɪ]n.vt.□typhoon[taɪˈfu:n]n.□intheopenair□hurricane[ˈhʌrɪkən]n.□survive

[səˈvaɪv]vi.vt.□power[ˈpaʊə(r)]n.□tap[tæp]vi.&vt.n.□pipe[paɪp]n.□whistle[ˈwɪsl]vi.vt.n.□emergency[iˈmɜ:dʒənsi]n.□calm[kɑ:m]adj.vt.□aid[eɪd]n.vi.&vt.□kit

[kɪt]n.□firstaidkit□onhand□crash[kræʃ]vt.&vi.n.□sweep[swi:p]vt.&vi.□sweepaway□wave[weɪv]n.vt.&vi.□strike[straɪk]vi.&vt.n□deliver[dɪˈlɪvə(r)]vt.&vi.vt.□summary[ˈsʌməri]n.□effect[ɪˈfekt]n.□length

[leŋθ]n.（一）核心词汇拓展1.ruinn.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产严重受损；破败不堪________________________2.shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→_______________adj.震惊的→___________adj.令人震惊的①触电_________________________②对……感到震惊_________________________③震惊；吃惊____________________________3.trapvt.使陷入困境；使陷入圈套n.陷阱；险境①被困在……中，陷在……中____________________②诱骗某人(做)某事________________________4.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋头，专注于____________________5.effortn.努力；尽力；艰难的尝试①尽全力_____________________②不遗余力______________________6.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→______________n.苦难受……的折磨；患……病____________________7.disastern.灾难；灾害①自然灾害______________________②灾区______________________8.slidevi.&vt.

(使)滑行；滑动①日益恶化；在滑板上_______________________②放映幻灯片_____________________③略过；回避____________________=4\*GB3④不知不觉陷入__________________9.floodn.洪水；大量；vi.淹没；大量涌入；vt使灌满水；淹没①在泛滥____________________②涌入，大量地涌入______________________③一大批____________________10.rescuen.&vt.营救；救援①救援人员/船只/直升机/营___________________________②从……中营救某人/某物_________________________11.damagevt.损害；破坏；n.损坏；损失①对……引起损害_________________________②对……造成损害_________________________12.affectvt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→____________adj.受到影响的；假装的→______________n.喜爱；感情；影响①对...的感情；对...的喜爱____________________②受到...的影响_____________________③疫区_____________________=4\*GB3④患有...疾病__________________________13．shelter/'ʃeltə/n.避难处；居所；庇护；vt.保护；掩蔽；vi.躲避（风、雨或危险）①躲避（风、雨或危险）________________________②保护……免受……_____________________③无家可归者夜间收容所_____________________=4\*GB3④动物收容处ananimalshelter14.percentn.百分之……;adj.&adv.每一百种→_______________n.百分比①百分之百；不折不扣______________________②合格率____________________15.breathevi.&vt.呼吸→______________n.呼吸，气息①深呼吸____________________②喘不上气来___________________16.revive/rɪˈvaɪv/vt.&vi复活；（使）苏醒17.supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品；vt.供应；供给向某人提供某物___________________或____________________18.delivervt.&vi.递送；传；vt.发表；接生；生(小孩)_______________n.交付，分娩，递送→____________adj.可以传送的，可以交付使用的①交货，履行诺言__________________②发表演讲__________________③交出，放弃___________________=4\*GB3④从...处释放出来___________________19.summary

n.总结；概括；概要→_______________adv.概要地，立刻→_______________n.摘要，概要总之，概括起来__________________20.effectn.影响；结果；效果→______________adj.有效的，起作用的→_______________adv.有效地，生效地①对...的作用_________________________②副作用_______________________③实际上，生效____________________21.lengthn.→长；长度→_______________adj.长的；adv.长期地，始终→____________vt.使延长，加长①长度____________________②最后，终于______________________③一段______________________课内短语积累1.__________________________________像往常一样2.__________________________________仿佛；好像；似乎3.__________________________________终结；走向末日4.__________________________________严重受损；破败不堪5.__________________________________把……吹走6.__________________________________横切7.__________________________________而不是；代替8.__________________________________震惊；吃惊9.__________________________________跌倒；倒塌10._________________________________经历；经受11.________________________________现有（尤指帮助）12._________________________________消灭，彻底消除13.__________________________________急救箱14._________________________________在露天，在户外15._________________________________自然灾害16._________________________________火山喷发17.__________________________________提及，涉及18.__________________________________建立，成立【过关检测】【单句首字母及汉语填空】1．Canyougivemeaquick________________(概要)ofyourresearch?2．Itissaidthatthefactorysufferedseriousd_____________inthetsunamilastweek.3．He_____________(撞上)intotheotheryouthandtheybothlandedontheground.4．Thesoldiersb________________thedeadbodiesasquicklyaspossibletostopdiseasesspreading.5．Theteacheraskedthestudentstofindoutthewordthatbestfitsthe_______________(语境)．6.O_____________，thenewleaderhopestounifythewholecountryinashorttime.7．Whilethewomanwass______________thefloor，shefoundtheoldphotosinthecorner.8．Inthatsituation，thelocalgovernmenthadtotake__________________(紧急情况)action.9.Hequittedsuchanicejob，whichmadeusalls_______________．10.Sheoftentalkedofwhatshehadgonethroughduringtheterribled_________________.【单句语法填空】1．Todrytheirwetclothes，theymadeafirein______________openair.2．Itcameas______________shocktohearthatthefactorywouldhavetoclose.3．Thesestrictmeasureswillsurelyhaveagreateffect_____________ourdailylife.4．_____________(survive)thedisaster，hedecidedtoleadasimplelife.5．Thesoldierwastryingtosavethegirl_____________(trap)intheburninghouse.6．Buried____________thegame，hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.7．Theearthquakeleftthecityin____________(ruin)；itwouldtakealotofmoneytorebuildit.8．Thedoctordecidedtooffersomeadvicetotheathlete_____________(suffer)fromabadback.9.Whatothercitiesortownshavegone______________similarchanges?10._____________(bury)inhislessons，heknewnothingabouttheoutsideworld.三、课文中的长难句1.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide,andfishjumpedoutofthewater.考点：现在分词作______________翻译:_______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：他出现在医院，带着给刚当妈妈的Lindsey和她的宝贝儿子的礼物。____________________________________________________________________________________________2.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！考点：____________________翻译:_______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：快！似乎火车要离开了。____________________________________________________________________________________________3.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.考点：___________________________翻译:_______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：他太害羞了而不敢演讲。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.考点：______________________翻译：______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：他接受了那个薪水很好的工作。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.考点：_______________和________________________翻译:_______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：寻求避难所的家庭数量上升了百分之十七.____________________________________________________________________________________________6.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!考点：_______________________翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：他把收入的三分之一都捐给慈善了。____________________________________________________________________________________________Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.考点:_________________________________________翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：工作太难找了。____________________________________________________________________________________________Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.考点：______________________________翻译:_______________________________________________________________________________________模拟造句：他所到之处都有很多粉丝跟着他。____________________________________________________________________________________________【过关检测】单句写作1.他曾因过度疲劳而不能继续工作。(too...to...)____________________________________________________________________________________________2.他在那里说着，好像他去过世界的每一个角落。(asif)____________________________________________________________________________________________无论这位冠军走到哪里，她都会受到热烈的欢迎。(地点状语从句)____________________________________________________________________________________________受台风影响的村民人数达到了五十万。(affect；过去分词短语作后置定语)____________________________________________________________________________________________是那个年轻人诱骗他买了那座老房子。(trap)____________________________________________________________________________________________四、课内语法(关系代词引导的）限制性定语从句【课前检测】选择正确答案1.【★☆☆】Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosewhodon't.2.【★★☆】Isthisthereason_________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?3.【★★☆】That’sthenewmachine_________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.4.【★★☆】Wewentthroughaperiod____________________communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.【★☆☆】Myfriend,Mike,_______isfromAmerica,isagreatcook.【课中讲解】一、that、which、who、whom、whose引导的限制性定语从句在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2.关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who引导的定语从句Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinthecaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Dannywasthemanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。who指人，在定语从句中可以充当___________________。2.whom引导的定语从句Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。whom指人，在定语从句中作____________，可省略，也可用___________代替。3.whose引导的定语从句Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作____________。4.which引导的定语从句Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。which指____________，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。5.that引导的定语从句Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作_________________，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用_________替代，指物多用__________替代。[注意](1)关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。(2)关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。[提醒]关系词有三个作用：一、引导定语从句二、在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。理解概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。三、指代先行词【过关检测】（一）单句语法填空1.Lucy_________________paintingswereshownattheexhibitionlastweekisamodelstudent.2.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation__________________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.3.Thefilm__________________youarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.4.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople___________________losttheirhomesinthedisaster.5.Thereisayoungman__________________wantstoseeyou.6.(2020新高考一卷）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__________________openedin1759.7.(2020全国三）InancientChinalivedanartist_______________paintingswerealmostlifelike.8.（2019全国三）Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.9.Thehouse________________________Iusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.10.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.11.Thesuitcase________________liesonthegroundishers.12.LastweekMaryworethedress__________________Igavetoher.13.Doyouknowtheman________________spoketotheheadmasterjustnow?14.Mygrandparentsliveinahouse___________________ismorethan100yearsold.15.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters__________________hadgreatexperience.16.Theseteenagerslearnedalotfromtheactivity____________________wasdesignedforthem.17.Thelittleproblems___________________wemeetinourdailylivesdon’tmakeadifference.18.Thehouse_________________roofisveryoldwasbuiltbymygrandfather.19.HegavehismotheracolourTVsetforherbirthday，_________________pleasedheralot.20.Hismother，__________________loveshimverymuch，isstrictwithhim.（二）完成句子1.我最尊敬的女人是我的母亲。Thewoman_______________________________ismymother.2．他给了我一本书，这本书我一直保存至今。Hegavemeabook___________________________________.3．他谈到了他在学校里非常感兴趣的人和书。Hetalkedaboutthepersonsandbooks________________________________________.4.幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识到自己长处的人。Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______________________________________.5．那个双腿在地震中严重受伤的男孩被迅速送到了医院。Theboy_________________________________________wasquicklytakentohospital.【备选题目】（一）【补救】【★★☆】语法填空Strangethingswerehappeningin1._______________countrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeep

cracks

2._______________appearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsome3._______________(smell)gascomingoutofit.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervous4._______________(eat)，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a.m.,on28July1976，brightlights5._______________(see)intheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleep6._______________usualthatnight.At3：42a.m.，everything7._______________(begin)toshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingto8._______________end!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfelt9._______________!Ahugecrack，eightkilometreslongand30metreswide，cutacrosshouses，roads，andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayin

10._______________(ruin).（二）【巩固】【选词填空】eq\x(inruins，asusual，cometoanend，falldown，inshock)Thesheltermight____________ifitrainsmoreheavily.Thatdayhewenttoworkoutinthegym_____________.Themeetingwas_____________whenIreachedthemeetingroom.Thesurvivorswere____________，wonderinghowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thecitylay____________aftertheearthquake.Now，rowsofhousesarebeingbuilt.【单句填空】1.Neverbeforehasourcountrybeenso_______________(power)asitistoday.

2.Mrs.Coxen_______________(aid)inlookingafterthechildrenbyherniece.

3.Alanlookedathimandsaid_______________(calm),“Idon'tbelieveyou.”

4.Thescientistspentyearsaloneintheforest,_______________(survive)onlybyeatingwildfruitsandanimals.

5.Thewriterandhisworks_______________youtoldmearereallyfamous.

6.Ioftenrecallthehappydays_______________wespenttogetherduringoursummerholiday.

7.ThecaptaintreatsmeasifI_______________(be)hisowndaughter.8.The_______________(injure)tolduswhathehadgonethroughintheaccident.9.Alotofmoneyhasbeencollectedtohelpthose_______________(suffer)fromthefloods.10.Thegirlwassittingthere，_______________(bury)herfaceinherhands.【拔高】【单句写作】船长受了重伤，但他表现得若无其事。(asif)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。(bury)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我们所有人都认为说服她改变主意是不可能的。(it作形式宾语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________全国上下都在唱这首歌，使得它很受欢迎。(现在分词短语作状语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他们正在废墟中搜寻幸存者，这时另一场大地震发生了。(bedoing...when...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。(who引导的定从）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我们到达目的地后，看到一座成为废墟的古庙。（ruins）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________这场战争快要结束了，所以每个人都变得更积极了。（cometoanend）_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________那位著名篮球运动员的离世使我们大为震惊。(shock)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.当灾难发生时，他们被困在健身房中。（betrappedin）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【语法填空】A用适当的关系代词that、which、who、whom或whose填空AGirlWhoIsGoodatDrawingMary1._______________drawingswereshownattheexhibitionlastmonthisamodelstudent2._______________isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool.Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhallourattentionwasattractedbyaverylargepicture3._______________washungonthewallinfrontofus.

Thehorse4._______________wasdrawninthepicturewasexactlylikearealhorse.Theman5._______________wasridingonitlookedlikealivingman.

Itwasthebestpicture6._______________Ihadeverseen,andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainter7._______________Ihaveeverheardof.However,youwillbequitemistakenifyouthinkthatMarywasbornagoodpainter.OneofherteacherstoldmethatithadtakenMarythousandsofhourstolearnandpractisedrawinguntilshebecamethebestyoungpainter8._______________haseverbeenheardofinherhometown.Butifyousaythatshehaslearnedtobesogoodatdrawingonlybyworkinghardatit,Iwillcertainlyagreewithyou.

BEarthquakesarequitecommon.Infact,thousandsofearthquakes1._______________(happen)almostateverytime.2._______________，mostofthemaretooweaktofeel.Duringabigearthquake,thereisoftenabignoisefirst.Thentheearthquakeshakes3._______________(terrible)andmanyhousesfalldown.Asoneofthemostdeadlynaturaldisastersintheworld,theearthquakeoftenresult4._______________manypeoplebeinginjuredorkilled.In2008,asevereearthquakehitchina'sSichuanProvince,5._______________(kill)morethan80,000peoplethere.Besidesthegreatdamageand6._______________(death)causedbytheearthquake,otheraccidentssuch7._______________firesoftenfollows.Morebuildingsmaybedamagedandmore8._______________(injury)maybecaused.Forcenturies,peoplehavebeenmakingstudiesofearthquake.About2,000yearsago,forexample,aChinesescientist9.______________(name)ZhangHenginventedamachinewhichcouldfindoutthedirection10.____