定稿读真题猜词义突破高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测

WordGuessingStrategies宁乡市高中英语名师工作室读真题，猜词义---突破高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题高考英语阅读理解体裁丰富，题材多样，命题灵活，想要获得高分值，需要熟悉各题型的命题规律，对症解题。阅读理解题型通常包括细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题四大类。本堂课针对词义猜测题，以近三年全国卷为范例，谈谈如何做好高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题。CONTENTS考查频次命题特点设问形式解题技巧考例分析

2019年2018年2017年全国卷Ⅰ单词stumbles(B25)单词dominant(C29)代词that(C29)短语the water catcher(D33)全国卷Ⅱ短语tugattheheartstrings(B25)短语ajuicer(B26)代词that(B26)句意thetablesareturned(D33)全国卷Ⅲ短语takingon(B26)句意moreismore(D32)单词displaced(C29)考查频次考查考生根据上下文推断词语在特定语境中词义的能力考查考生对句中关键性词语（实词、短语、指代关系词等）以及句意的理解⒊常见的考查形式：超纲词词义、熟词生义、短语含义、句意及代词指代等命题特点12doestheunderlinedword“”inParagraphreferto设问形式doestheunderlinedphrase“”inParagraphrefertodotheunderlinedwords“”ineandoestheauthormeanby“”inParagraphofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“”inParagraphofthefollowingbesteplains“”

underlinedinParagraphrefertorefertomeanmeanreplaceeplains构词法生活常识逻辑关系语法关系上下文语境根据连接词，判断并列、转折、因果、对比等逻辑关系进行猜测根据代词指代、近反义词、同位语、句法功能等进行猜测根据上下文提示信息，或者通过查找下定义、解释说明、举例等的关键词甚至标点符号进行猜测根据构词法派生：前缀、后缀，转换，合成等对生词进行猜测根据生活常识、文化背景等进行猜测解题技巧【考例1】（2019全国卷ⅠB篇节选）Butheisnervous“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould

…should…”

Christrianynon-nativeEnglishsasWhaley,isnettohim,whise…”

Ecee

stumbles,ChrisisdoingamainglywellWhenhebringshissbles”

inanners

CSistaes

DSillyjoes根据上下文语境提示猜测词义A【考例2】（2019全国卷ⅢB篇节选）

…Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday'stopetingagainst根据上下文标点符号及逻辑关系之并列关系猜测词义D在方面轻而易举地击败【考例3】（2018全国卷ⅠC篇节选）Soonafterwards,manyofthoseefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumberInrecentcenturies,trade,industrialiation,thedevelomunications

intheodern根据上下文提示之举例关键词猜测词义C【考例4】（2018全国卷ⅢD篇节选）AdultsunderstandwhatitfeelslietobefloodedwithobjectsWhydoweoftenassumethat

moreismore

whenitcomestoidsandtheirbelongingsThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelyownidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless（oreismore”

ineanAThemore,thebetter

BEnoughisenoughCMoremoney,moreworries

DEarnmoreandsore根据上下文语境提示猜测词义A越多越好。适可而止。钱多烦恼多。挣得多，花得多。解题技巧一、上下文语境根据上下文语境提示信息，或者通过在下文寻找suchas,lie,foreamely,similarly等标志词或短语（下定义）；破折号、分号、冒号和括号等标点符号（解释说明），猜测词义。【考例5】（2017全国卷ⅠC篇节选）DesingmoreaccessibleB．Theinglarger根据语法关系之代词指代及上下文猜测词义C【考例6】（2017全国卷ⅡD篇节选）Someeslunch

doestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inesattractnaturalenemies根据语法关系之同义关系及句法功能猜测词义A正在吃午餐的攻击者变成了午餐。解题技巧二、语法关系根据语境判断代词that,it,this,they,them,one等所指代的内容，可指上文提到的人或物，答案应在意义（主要指语法搭配）上和逻辑（主要指思想内容）上都通顺，通常代词指代题考查对复杂关系的分析能力。此外，还可根据同义、近义、反义、同位语、句法功能等语法关系猜测词义。【考例7】（2017全国卷ⅢC篇节选）GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisandevelotheYellowstoneareaTheywentfarthernorthintothedeeansarounddoestheunderlinedword“diseanATested BSeparated CForcedout DTraceddown根据逻辑关系之转折关系及上下文猜测词义C解题技巧三、逻辑关系根据逻辑关系连接词，判断并列或对等关系（and,or,still等，比如2019全国卷ⅢB篇26题）、转折或对比关系（but,however,though,otherwise,while，insteadof,incontrast等）和因果关系（because,so,sothat,as,since等）等，猜测词义。【考例8】（2019全国卷ⅡB篇节选）Iguessthatthere'sedemandingworschedule,orsocialanietyaroundsteayjustneedalittleentionthesinglethathisidsaren'tevenon…

AtthiseanAEncourageteamwor

BAotegooddeeds

DProvideadvice根据构词法之合成词及上下文猜测词义heartstringsB触动心弦解题技巧四、构词法根据三种主要的构词法，1、派生法，在词根上添加前缀（un,im,mis,en,re,e等）改变词义但不改变词性，后缀（er,tion,ness,less,ble,fy,ly等）改变词性但不改变词义；2、合成法，将两个或两个以上的词组合而成新词，从各个组成单词的意思猜测新词词义；3、转化法，词形不变，单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性。不管哪一种构词法，都要以结合语境为前提，将原词含义认真推敲，才能准确推测出词义。【考例9】（2018全国卷ⅡB篇节选）Ifyouhave

ajuicer,youcansimesa“soft-serve”

creamydesert,tobeeatenrightawayThismaesafunactivityforchildren'seoutbelow（thelastachine根据生活常识及构词法之派生后缀猜测词义Djuiceer解题技巧五、生活常识根据上下文语境，结合自身生活经验和日常常识以及不同的文化背景进行逻辑推理，猜测词义。（2017全国卷ⅠD篇节选）Toconstructaworingstill,useasharaetheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher'sproductivityPlaceyourcupinthedeepestpartoftheholeThenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsupandoutthesideoftheholedoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2refertoAThetubeBThestillCTheholeDThecup（2017全国卷ⅡB篇节选）Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou'refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldethingbac—hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcamewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestivalPaulandIdidn'tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogetherWesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupateventsdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto

ATheirbelief

BTheircareforchildren

CTheirsuccess

DTheirsupportforeachother

构词法生活常识逻辑关系语法关系上下文语境GrammaticalRelationsContetLogicalRelationsWordFormation