新概念英语第三册+Lesson+11+Not+guilty+讲义

Lesson11Notguilty🌻Part1:TextGoingthroughtheCustomsisatiresomebusiness.Thestrangestthingaboutitisthatreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.Thehardenedprofessionalsmuggler,ontheotherhand,isnevertroubledbysuchfeelings,evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.WhenIreturnedfromabroadrecently,aparticularlyofficiousyoungCustomsOfficerclearlyregardedmeasasmuggler.'Haveyouanythingtodeclare?'heasked,lookingmeintheeye.

'No,'Iansweredconfidently.'Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?''Notatall,'Ianswered.

TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatcare.AllthethingsIhadpackedsocarefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclosethecaseagain.Suddenly,IsawtheOfficer'sfacelightup.Hehadspottedatinybottleatthebottomofmycaseandhepouncedonitwithdelight.

'Perfume,eh?'heaskedsarcastically.'Youshouldhavedeclaredthat.'Perfumeisnotexemptfromimportduty.''Butitisn'tperfume,'Isaid.'It'shair-oil.'ThenIaddedwithasmile,'It'sastrangemixtureImakemyself.'AsIexpected,hedidnotbelieveme.'Tryit!'Isaidencouragingly.TheOfficerunscrewedthecapandputthebottletohisnostrils.HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.Afewminuteslater,Iwasabletohurryawaywithpreciouschalk-marksonmybaggage.

🌻Part2:Newwordsandexpressions1.tolerant['tɔlәrәnt]a.宽容的2.declare[di'klєә]v.申报3.hardened

a.有经验的4.professional[prә'feʃәnl]a.职业的，专业的5.smuggler['smʌglә]n.走私者6.officious[ә'fiʃәs]a.爱管闲事的7.confidently

ad.自信地8.dreadful['dredful]a.可怕的，一团糟的9.pounce[pauns]v.猛抓，扑住10.perfume['pә:fju:m,pә:'fju:m]n.香水11.sarcastically[sa:'kæstikәli]ad.讽刺地12.exempt[ig'zempt]a.被免除的13.duty['dju:ti]n.税14.gel[dʒel]n.凝胶，发胶15.mixture['mikstʃә]n.混合物16.unscrew[ʌn'skru:]v.拧开17.nostril['nɔstril]n.鼻孔

18.chalk[tʃɔ:k]n.粉笔19.baggage['bægidʒ]n.行李★tolerant['tɔlәrәnt]a.宽容的1.faulttolerant

容差,容错2.betolerantof容许·······Hewastolerantofdifferentviews.他容许有不同的意见。3.Ofallthegirls,sheisthemosttolerant.

在所有的姑娘当中，她是最宽容的Atolerantpersonmustbeeasygoing.

一个宽容的人一定是很好相处的。❤️Tolerance(n.宽容,

忍受,

容忍)

Tolerate(vt.忍受,

容忍)Tolerable(adj.可忍受的)

★declare[di'klєә]v.申报1.declarepeace

宣布和平2.Itis/was～ed+that-clauseItisdeclaredthattherewillbenoschoolthisafternoon.

已经宣布今天下午不上课。★hardened

a.有经验的；麻木的a

hardened

player

a

hardened

thief★professional[prә'feʃәnl]a.职业的，专业的1.adj.职业的；专业的；专门的professionalboxer（footballer）

职业拳击手（足球运动员）2.n.

专业人员needaprofessional

需要专业人士Sheisarealprofessional.她是个真正的专家。★smuggler['smʌglә]n.走私者Thesmugglerisstillatlarge.

那个走私贩仍逍遥法外。★officious[ә'fiʃәs]a.爱管闲事的1.

IdislikedBettybecauseshewasofficious.

我不喜欢贝蒂,因为她好管闲事。2.

Officious

adj.多管闲事的,非官方的,非正式的,专横的officious

civil

servant

爱管闲事的的公务员an

officious

police

officer

专横的的警官❤️Officiously（adv.多管闲事的,非正式的,非官方的）official

adj.官方的,官员的,正式的An

official

inquiry

will

be

made

into

this

matter.（inquiry

n.质询,调查）此事将进行一次官方调查。★confidently

ad.自信地1.He

went

to

do

the

workconfidently.2.Confidence(n.信心)

have

confidence有信心/

gain

confidence获得信心in

confidence

(悄悄的,秘密的)=secretly3.take

sbinto

one's

confidence

以某人为心腹Thebosstakeshissecretaryintohisconfidence.★dreadful['dredful]a.可怕的，一团糟的1.相当于=frightful

adj.糟糕的,讨厌的）2.dreadful（侧重于可怕的,乱七八糟的）

Theroomisdreadful.3.afrightfuldayfearful（表示胆怯的,恐惧的）shefeltfearfulparticularlywhenshewentoutatnight.（adv.独特地,显著地）

★pounce[pauns]v.猛抓，扑住1.v.猛扑；突然袭击；抓住；撒吸墨粉pounceupon

一把抓住pounceon

突然袭击(扑下)...Wesawthetigerabouttopounceonthegoat.

我们看见老虎要向那只山羊扑过去。2.n.猛扑；袭击；(猛禽的)爪；吸墨粉Whenpreyiscloseenough,theyattackwithafatalpounce.当猎物足够近的时候，它们将以致命的猛扑袭击猎物。★perfume['pә:fju:m,pә:'fju:m]n.香水1.n.香水；香气Theroomreekedofcheapperfume.

房间里弥漫著劣质香水的呛鼻气味。2.vt.洒香水于；使香气弥漫perfumesweetly

甜甜地发香perfumewith

充满着香味★sarcastically[sa:'kæstikәli]ad.讽刺地Isaidsarcasticallytomysonwhowasstillplayingcomputergames.我讽刺地对还在打电脑游戏的儿子说道。★exempt[ig'zempt]a.被免除的1.adj.

免除的Heisexemptfrommilitaryservice.他免服兵役。2.vt.

免除exemptfrom(v.+prep.)

使…免除,使…免做Pooreyesightwillexemptyoufrommilitaryservice.

视力不佳将使你免服兵役。3.n.免税者；被免除义务者★duty['dju:ti]n.税1.Customs

Duty关税

duty

free免税的Stamp

Duty印花税（stamp

n.邮票,印花,图章,标志）同义词：tax

n.税,税款,税金

income

tax所得税2.dodutyfor充作;当…用★gel[dʒel]n.凝胶，发胶1.n.凝胶；geltest

凝胶试验2.用作动词Weneverreallygelledasagroup.我们从来没有团结一起的时候。★mixture['mikstʃә]n.混合物1.chemicalmixture

化学混合物2.Airisamixture,notacompoundofgases.

空气是气体的混合物，不是化合物。★unscrew[ʌn'skru:]v.拧开1.v.旋开盖子；取下（螺丝）Thelidofthisjampotwon'tunscrew.

这果酱罐的盖子拧不开。2.动词前缀unun-，用在动词词根（尤其是由名词转化成的动词）前，消除原来动词的功能，表示相反的意思。例如：unlock（开锁）---lock（锁）。un-，加在动词、名词上构成动词，表示“反动作”的意义。例如：uncouple（去耦）unbend（放直，展开）。un-，加在形容词、副词、名词及用于作形容词的分词上，表示“不，无，未，非”等否定的意义。例如：unable（不能的）unbalance（不平衡）。★nostril['nɔstril]n.鼻孔

Hedislikeshiswidenostrils.

他不喜欢自己的宽大的鼻孔。❤️鼻子，nose★chalk[tʃɔ:k]n.粉笔1.n.粉笔；asdifferentaschalkandcheese截然不同,本质上完全不同entirelydifferentbyalongchalk2.v.用粉笔写；记录；chalkout(v.+adv.)chalkup(v.+adv.)Hechalkedoutasimpleplanofthenewbuilding.

他用粉笔勾画了新大楼的简图。★baggage['bægidʒ]n.行李alargeamountofbaggage

一大堆行李packone'sbaggage

收拾行李例：Letmeputyourbaggageinthetrunk.

我来把你的行李放在汽车后部的行李箱内。🌻Part

3:Notesonthetext★Thestrangestthingaboutitisthatreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.are

made

to

feel

guiltymake,have,let及感官性动词see,hear,notice,feel

用于主动语态,符合宾语不定式的符号to应省略。但这种结构改成被动式时,不定式符号to必须还原。We

heard

someone

come

up

the

stairs.Someone

was

heard

to

come

up

the

stairs.★Thehardenedprofessionalsmuggler,ontheotherhand,isnevertroubledbysuchfeelings,evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.1.ontheotherhandononehand，ontheotherhand一方面，另一方面2.evenif

evenif：evenif引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。❤️eventhough：eventhough引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息，相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”。3.hidden

in

his

suitcase（过去分词短语作定语,修饰watches）★WhenIreturnedfromabroadrecently,aparticularlyofficious

youngCustomsOfficerclearlyregardedmeasasmuggler.1.return

from

从····回来2.regardas

看作是·····regardhimasafriend把他看作朋友★'Have

you

anything

to

declare?'

he

asked,

looking

me

in

the

eye.looking

me

in

the

eye两眼直盯盯的注视着我=look

sbin

the

face=stare

sbin

the

eyes=look

directly

at

sbNot

one

of

the

men

dared

look

him

in

the

eye.没有人敢正眼看他。All

the

thing

I

had

packed

so

carefully

were

soon

in

a

dreadful

mess.in

a

mess

乱作一团介词in

和名词搭配，表示一种状态in

good

order

秩序井然

in

good

health

身体健康in

a

good

mood

心情好

in

a

good

temper

脾气好

★

IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclosethecaseagain.beabletodosth

有能力做某事★He

had

spotted

a

tiny

bottle

at

the

bottom

of

my

case

and

he

pounced

on

it

with

delight.1.with

delight

欣喜若狂地（with和抽象名词搭配,表示内心充满了一种感情）with

confidence自信地

--with

care细心地with

pride骄傲地

with

delight欣喜若狂地2.pounce

on

向...猛扑过去,对...大做文章The

policeman

pounced

on

the

thief.警察向小偷猛扑过去。Don't

pounce

on

my

mistake.不要对我的错误大做文章。'Perfume,

eh?'

he

asked

sarcastically.

'You

should

have

declared

that.

Perfume

is

not

exempt

from

import

duty.'1.should

have和过去分词搭配（表示本应该做某事却没有做,具有谴责性的味道）You

should

have

arrived

here

five

minutes

earlier.You

should

have

told

me

about

it.shouldn't

have

done本不应该做某事2.exempt

v.免除adj.被免除的（beexemptfrom）Drinks

are

not

exempt

from

import

duty.Perfume

is

not

exemptfrom

import

dutyeither.★As

I

expected,

he

did

not

believe

me.As：关系代词（引导非限制性定语从句,它所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义）As

we

know,the

earth

is

round.

众所周知,

地球是圆的。As

Imentioned

正如我所提及的As

I

soon

learned,hewasEnglishhimself.

正如我很快得知的,他也是英国人。关系代词as和which的区别：as所引导的非限制性定语从句,可用在主句之前。which引导的非限制性定语从句,只能用在主句之后。🌻Part

4:Grammar&Difficultpoints直接引语变间接引语1、人称的转变

1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”

Hesaidthathewasverysorry.

2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称如：

“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.

MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.

3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：

Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”

>Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.

4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：

Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。

2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：

3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况

1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：

Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”

——>Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.

2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：

Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”

——>Hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.

3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时如：

Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”

——>Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

4）当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：

Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”

——>Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.

5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：

Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”

——>Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：

Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”——>Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.

7）当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时

如：Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”——>Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.

❤️此处用hadto代替must更好

8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there,

动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化3）地点状语：here变成there

Shesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——>Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore.

4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化

1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,

也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat,

如：

Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”

——>HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.

Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.（不可说toldthat）2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。如：Hesaid,“Doyouhavea