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4/14新概念英语青少版2A语法知识大全一、助动词

do/does

的用法

例句:Do

you

want

any

breakfast

,Paul

?

How

much

juice

do

you

want

?

I

don’t

want

any

coffee,

but

I

want

some

tea

.

这里,我们看这几个句子既出现了实义动词want,又出现了do,仔细观察发现:这些句子都是在的帮助下形成的,因此称这个do为助动词。

助动词在句中不能独立使用作谓语,并通常用于主语为第一人称、第二人称或者第三人称复数的疑问句和否定句中。

【第三人称复数:人称代词分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。单数是指一个人,多于一个人就为复数。We(我们)、You(你们)、They(他们/她们/它们)

分别是

第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的

复数形式。】

1、将一个肯定句变为疑问句时,应将do/does放在主语的前面,实义动词用原形。

例句:I/

We

/

You

want

some

yoghurt.

→Do

you

want

any

yoghurt

?

William

wants

some

beer.→Does

William

want

any

beer?

She

likes

that

one.

→Does

she

like

that

one?

2、变否定句时则要在句中谓语动词的前面加do

not(don’t)或doesn’t。

例句:I

don‘t

want

any

coffee,

but

I

want

some

tea

.

She

doesn‘t

like

that

one.

→Doesn‘t

she

like

that

one?

William

wants

some

beer.→William

doesn‘t

want

any

beer.

3、变特殊疑问句时,见一、2、D/讲解部分及特殊疑问词部分。

二、Can/Must/May等情态动词的用法

1、can的具体用法:can是情态动词,不能在句中单独作谓语,必须和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也就是说,不管主语是第几人称,单数还是复数,can都没有变化。即表示能力,也表示可能性。

【口诀:can的用法很重要,千变万化都知道。肯定用can加原形,否定把can变can‘t,疑问can就往前提,原形留在主语后。细心体会多练习,保证不会犯错误。】

例如:

肯定句:Vikki

can

drive

a

car.

变否定句:Vikki

can’t

drive

a

car.

变一般疑问句:Can

Vikki

drive

a

car?

变特殊疑问句:Who

can

drive

a

car?

2、must的具体用法:must与can一样,都是情态动词,不能在句中单独作谓语,必须和其他动词原形构成谓语。也没有人称和数的变化.must是―必须‖的意思,表示语气强烈的命令、意图等。在否定句和疑问句的用法也与can一样。

You

must

eat.

Must

you

go

now?

I

can

drink

some

water

,but

I

mustn’t

eat.3、can‘t与mustn‘t的区别:

can‘t

意即―不能,不会‖,

表示不可能、无法;mustn‘t而意为―禁止,不可以‖,表示强烈的建议、意图和命令等,语气强硬。

4、may的具体用法:助词。

1)

(表示可能性)可能,也许:She

may

be

a

nurse.

2)(表示许可或请求许可)可以:"May

I

come

in?"

"Yes,

please."

3)(表示希望、祝愿等)祝,愿:May

you

succeed!

4)

(表示目的)(以便)能,(使...)可以

They

try

to

cure

the

disease

so

that

people

may

live

longer.

他们设法根治该病以便使人们活得更长些。

5)

(用于问句中,表示不确定)会,究竟:

Who

may

the

man

be?

这个人会是谁呢?

6)

表示期望)能够,会:We

hope

she

may

win.

我们希望她会获胜。

三、have/has

got

的用法

在英语中通常用

have

got代替

have,当主语为第三人称单数时,用has

got

代替has,have

got

或has

got可以与前面的主语缩写为

‘ve

‗s。

1)肯定式:We’ve

(We

have

)got

an

English

lesson

today.

Lucy

and

Tom

have

got

two

chairs.

My

parents

have

got

a

big

house.

You

have

got

everything.

你什么都有了。

He

has

got

terrible

toothache.

2):否定式:

在have

got

中,have

为助动词,在其后加否定词not,

就可以构成否定句。Have/Has

not

got=haven‘t/has

n‘t

got

如:They

haven’t

got

computer

lessons

this

week.

He

hasn’t

got

a

pencil.

My

mother

hasn’t

got

much

money.

3)、一般疑问句及回答

:只需将have或has提前到句首即可。回答时协助于助动词have或has.

如:Have

you

got

a

notebook?

Yes,

I

have./No,

I

haven’t.

Have

they

got

a

library?

Yes,

they

have./No,

they

haven’t.

Has

Tom

got

stomach-ache?

Yes,

he

has./No,

he

hasn’t.

4)、特殊问句:

只需选用恰当的疑问词,再接正确的一般疑问句即可。

How

many

rulers

have

they

got?

When

have

they

got

this

school?

What

has

he

got

?

【特别提醒】:只能用have/has,不能用have

/has

got的情形

◆在助动词或情态动词之后,不能用have

/has

got

He

hasn’t

got

a

computer.(T)

(F)

He

doesn’t

have

got

a

computer.

He

doesn‘t

have

a

computer.(T)

◆当have与动词转化而来的名词构成短语时,不能用have

/has

got

Have

a

look,

have

a

break,

have

a

drink

◆在一些固定搭配中,不能用have

/has

got

Have

a

good

time,

have

breakfast,

have

lessons

如:

six—

sixth,

nineteen—nineteenth.

2)从第20-99:

整数第几十的形式由基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加―eth‖构成。

twenty—twentieth,

thirty—hirtieth

表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符―-‖和个位序数词形式一起表示。

thirty-first

第三十一,

fifty-sixth

第五十六

,

seventy-third

第七十三,

ninety-ninth

第九十九

3)第一百以上的多位序数词

由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。

one

hundred

and

twenty-first

第一百二十一,

one

thousand,three

hundred

and

twentieth

第一千三百二十

(4)序数词的缩写形式

主要缩写形式有。

first—lst,

second—2nd,

third—3rd,

fourth—4th,

twentieth—20th,

twenty-third——23rd

,

其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。

【注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词

the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示―再—‖,―又—‖。

We'll

go

over

it

a

second

time.

我们得再念第二遍。

七、表达天气和季节:

1、天气的表达:英语中通常用it来代替天气,所以表达天气最常用的句型就是:It

is

+

表示天气的形容词

+

in

+

月份或季节等。

如:

Is

it

ever

fine

and

warm

in

England?

2、针对天气的提问通常用What‘s

the

weather

like

…?句型。

如:What’s

the

weather

like

in

July

here?

I’s

often

wet

and

hot.

3、四季的表述:春:

夏:

冬:

;四季之前用介词in,而且不能使用冠词!

如:It’s

often

cold

and

dry

in

winter.

测试:想想表示天气的形容词:

八、时间、日期、年龄和星期的表达方式:

1、时间的表达方式:

A/整点时间的表达方式用―小时数+o‘clock‖,

如:six

o’clock.

B/半点的表达方式用―half

past

+小时数‖,half

past

six.

C/整点过一刻或半点之内的表达方式有用:

―a

quarter(数字)

past

+

小时数‖,如:twenty-six

past

six.

D/整点差一刻或半点之内的表达方式有用:

―a

quarter(数字)

to

+

小时数‖,如:twenty-six

to

six.

◆与具体钟点连用用介词at.

如:at

twenty-six

past

six.

2、日期的两种表达方式:

A/―the

+

序数词

+

of

+

月份‖,如:the

first

of

August.

B/―月份

+

the

+

序数词‖,如:September

the

fourth.

【注意】

◆与月份连用的介词一般是in。如:My

birthday

is

in

April.

◆而在具体的某一天就要用介词on.

如:I

must

go

at

two

on

Friday.

You

can

come

home

on

the

third

of

February.提问?

(动脑筋哦!)

◆针对具体几月几日提问要用What’s

the

date

…,回答用It

is

+

日期。如:What’s

the

date

today?

→It

is

the

ninth

of

January.

掌握月份:一、二、三…十二月:注意第一个字母何时何地要大写哦!

3、年龄的表达方式:用―数字

+

years

old‖或直接数字表达。

如:Karen

is

42

years

old.

→How

old

is

Karen?

Robert

is

9.

→How

old

is

Robert?

4、星期几的表达方式:It

is

+

星期一(二、三…)。提问用What

day

is

it?

如:What

day

is

it

today,

Karen?

It‘s

Monday.

掌握星期一(二、三…日):注意第一个字母何时何地要大写哦!

九、频度副词

频度副词是指表示动作发生的次数的副词。动作有时发生,经常发生,还是总是发生呢?常见频度副词按频率大小排列如下:

always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes(40%)>seldom(20%)>

never(0%)。

1、频度副词在句子中的位臵

◆位于be动词、助动词等之后,行为动词之前。

1.

在be动词之后。如:She

is

sometimes

very

busy.

2.

在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如:I

will

never

forget

this

lesson.

3.

在实义动词之前。如:

It

never

snows

in

winter

here.◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:

Sometimes

she

writes

to

me.

=She

writes

to

me

sometimes.

She

writes

to

me

often.

Never

tell

him

the

news.

千万不要告诉他这消息。

2、频度副词的用法

◆always

频率最高,表示―一直、总是‖,其反义词为never。如:The

rich

are

not

always

happy.

有钱的人并不总是快乐的。

Li

Ping

is

always

late

for

school.(变为否定句)→Li

Ping

is

never

late

for

school.(全部否定)

【注意】always等与not连用时,表示部分否定。

Li

Ping

is

not

always

late

for

school.

李平上学不总是迟到。

【频度副词通常和一般现在时连用,表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如:He

is

always

thinking

of

others.(赞叹)

She

is

always

asking

silly

questions.

她总是问些愚蠢的问题。(厌烦)】

◆usually意为―通常‖,表示习惯性动作或状态,很少有例外。如:

We

usually

go

to

school

at

seven

in

the

morning.

My

mother

and

I

usually

go

shopping

on

Sundays.

◆Often意为―经常,时常‖,表示反复性的动作或状态,中间有间断,不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。

如:It

often

rains

here

in

April.

The

boys

often

eat

noodles

and

the

girls

sometimes

eat

them.

He

writes

to

his

friends

quite

often.

(often在句尾时常被very或quite连用)。他常给他的朋友写信。

◆sometimes意为―有时‖,频率不及often,表示动作偶尔发生,间断时间较长。其位臵比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:

Sometimes

we

go

to

the

cinema

and

at

other

times

we

go

for

a

walk.

/I

sometimes

watch

TV

in

the

evening.

/My

father

has

lunch

in

the

factory

sometimes.

◆seldom意为―很少‖;never意为―从不‖。这两个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生。

如:

He

seldom

eats

breakfast.

他很少吃早餐。

The

little

girl

seldom

goes

out.

这个小女孩很少外出。

The

boys

never

eat

chocolate

and

the

girls

seldom

eat

it.

男生从不吃巧克力,女生很少吃。

[谚语]Better

late

than

never.

迟到(迟做)总比不来(不做)好。

◆hardly具有否定意义,表示―几乎不、简直不‖,除非特殊情况,否则不会发生。如:

The

boy

is

so

young

that

he

could

hardly

understand

it.

◆对上述频度副词提问时,用how

often。如:

I

write

to

my

brother

sometimes.

→How

often

do

you

write

to

your

brother?

十、特殊疑问词:

特殊疑问词是特殊疑问句中必有(开头第一个)的单词,回答不同一般疑问句,答法通常有时间、地点、人名、多少、原因等。记法:特殊疑问词的开头一般是Wh,How。常见的特殊疑问词:

1、where:哪里(状语)

例:

Where

is

my

blue

shirt?

2、what

:什么

例:

What

are

your

favourite

animals?

What

is

the

weather

like

in

July

here?

It’s

often

sunny.

◆what

colour:问颜色(表语)

◆what

time:针对钟点提问

◆what

date/day:针对几月几号/星期提问

◆what

language:什么语言

◆what

kind

of:

什么样的…(对对方所询问的人或物品进行详细描述。)

例:I

like

story

books.

→What

kind

of

books

do

you

like?

3、when:针对所有表示时间的短语提问(回答用At...

On...)

例:My

music

lesson

is

at

half

past

three.

→What

time

is

your

music

lesson?

或者→

When

is

your

music

lesson?

You

can

call

me

tomorrow.

→When

can

I

call

you?

(只能用When,而不能用What

time)

4、which:哪一个,哪个

5、who

:谁

(

回答用He

is...

/She

is...

/They

are...等)

6、whom:

谁(宾格)

7、whose:谁的

(回答用It

is…

/These/Those

are…等)

8、why:

为什么

(回答用Because,问原因)

9、How:怎么样

◆How

many:多少数量

How

much:多少(不可数名词/价格)

例如:How

much

beer

do

you

want?

◆How

old:几岁(用于年龄)

◆How

big:多大

◆How

heavy:多重

◆How

far:多远路程

◆How

often:多少次(常用于频度副词的提问)

十一、现在进行时

1现在进行时表达的内容:现在进行时表示A、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调―此时此刻‖。例如:

He

is

reading

.

They

are

talking

now.

B、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如:

They

are

working

these

days.

C、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。例如:

I

am

coming.

总之,此类时态一般由look,

listen,

now,

at

this

moment等时间状语做标志。

2、现在进行时的句型结构:其结构为be+现在分词.

3、现在分词的变法:

1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing

,例:

jump

2)、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing.

例:

have

write

3)、以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing.

例:

sit

put

4、现在进行时的句式变换:都在be上做文章

例:

肯定句:

He

is

buying

a

bike.

否定句:He

isn’t

buying

a

bike.

疑问句:Is

he

buying

a

bike?

【特别提醒】尽管现在进行时比较简单,但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误,常见的错误有如下几种:

1)、

把动词变成现在分词形式易出错;

例:◆

They

are

swiming.(swim)

◆Jenny

is

plaiing(play)football.

答案:

swimming

/playing

【解析】:动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:―一添一去y不变‖.

―一添‖指双写规则;―一去‖指去掉不发音字母e规则;―y不变‖指要与名词变复数区分开。

2)、

丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词;

例:◆

Look,two

children

flying

(fly)

a

kite

in

the

park.

◆Li

Mingisn’t

read

(

not

read)

a

book

in

bed

now.

答案:

are

flying

/isn’t

reading

【解析】:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为:

―be+现在分词,缺一不可‖。这一点必须牢记。

3)、

对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing

◆The

students

are

singing

in

the

room.(对划线部分提问)

What

are

the

students

in

the

room?

答案:What

are

the

students

doing

in

the

room?

【解析】:现在进行时态中,对动作提问可记住此句式―What

+be

+主语+doing+其它?‖句式。

4)、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式

例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?

Are

the

children

running

or

jump?

答案:Are

the

children

running

or

jumping?

【解析】:

or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。

【测试训练】一

、单选

1、

Look!

He

_____their

mother

do

the

housework.

A.

is

helping

B.

are

help

C.

is

help

D.

is

helpping

2

____are

the

boys

doing

?

They

are

singing

in

the

room.A

.Who

B

.How

C.What

D.Where

3、

Don’t

talk

here.

My

mother

_____.

A.

is

sleeping

B

.are

sleeping

C.

sleeping

D

.sleep

4

、Danny

______.

Don’t

call

him.

A.

is

writeing

B

.is

writing

C.writing

D

.writes

5

、–When_____he_____back?

Sorry,

I

don’t

know.

A.

does,come

B.are

coming

C.is

come

D.is

coming

、填空

1、

It’s

ten

o’clock.

My

mother

_____(lie)in

bed.

2、

What____he

_____(mend)?

3、

We

_____(play)games

now.

4、

What

____you____(do)

these

days?

5、

____he

___(clean)

the

classroom?

6、

Who____(sing)in

the

next

room?

7、The

girl____(like)wearing

a

sweater.

Look!

She

____(wear)a

red

sweater

today.

十二、一般现在时态:一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理。一般现在时的构成有两种形式:

1、be动词构成的一般现在时:be动词的形式要随主语的变化而变化:◆肯定句:I

am

……

You/We/They

are……

He/She/It

is……

◆否定句:I

am

not

……

You/We/They

are

not

(aren’t)……

He/She/It

is

not

(isn’t)…例句:

It’s

not

very

long.

◆一般疑问句:Am

I

……?

Are

you/we/they……?

Is

he/she/it……?

◆特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词

+

am

+

I……?

特殊疑问词

+

are

+

you/we/they……?

特殊疑问词

+

is

+

he/she/it……?

2、实义动词构成的一般现在时:

实义动词构成一般现在时态时,当主语是第三人称单数【第三人称单数:人称代词分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。单数是指一个人,多于一个人就为复数。I(我)、You(你)、He/She/It(他/她/它)

分别是

第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的单数形式。】的时候,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式;而当其他人称代词作主语时,谓语动词则要用原形。

【动词第三人称单数:动词单三形式变化规则跟名词变复数的规则类似,即:大多数动词在词尾加s;以辅音字母加y结尾的词要变y为i加es;以字母s、x、sh、ch、o结尾的词要加es。如:

1、He

speaks

English

well.

2、David

plays

basketball

very

well.

3、

My

sister

does

her

homework

first

after

school.

4、The

weather

often

changes

here.】

◆肯定句:I

/We/You/They

+

动词原形

+

……

He/She/It

+

动词第三人称单数形式

+

……

◆否定句:I

/

We

/

You

/They

+

do

not(don’t)

+

动词原形

+

……

He/She/It

+

does

not(doesn’t)

+

动词原形

+

……..

◆一般疑问句:Do

+

I

/We/You/They

+

动词原形

+

…………?

Does

+

he/she/it

+

动词原形

+……?

◆特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词

+

do

you/we/they

+

动词原形

+……?

特殊疑问词

+

does

he/she/it

+

动词原形+……?

How

much

juice

do

you

want

?

十三、一般将来时用法

1、概述:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,

next

week,

next

year等。例:

Why

don’t

you

put

the

meat

in

the

fridge?

It

will

stay

fresh

for

several

days.

2、构成:一般将来时由―助动词will/shall+动词原形‖构成。will用于第二、三人称,shall第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩写为'll,will

not简缩为won‘t[wount]。但在美国英语中,各种人称皆可用will。例:

He

will

help

his

sister

with

her

lessons.

We

won't

be

free

this

afternoon.

3、用法:

1)、表示未来的动作或存在状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow,

next

Sunday,

soon,

in

a

month,

in

the

future等。

We

shall

leave

for

London

next

Monday.

He

will

come

to

see

you

the

day

after

tomorrow.

You

will

be

20

next

year.明年你就二十了。

2)、表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。例:

We

shall

come

and

work

in

this

factory

every

year.

The

students

will

have

five

English

classes

per

week

this

term.

4、其他表达方法

1)―be

going

to+动词原形‖表将来:

这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。

What

are

you

going

to

do

next

Sunday?

They

are

going

to

meet

outside

the

school

gate.

还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。

I

think

I'm

going

to

die.

我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)

Look

at

the

cloud.

It’s

going

to

rain.乌云密布,使我断定天要下雨)

The

ice

is

going

to

break.冰就要破了。③这种结构表示―肯定、预测,注定会‖。在这种情况下可以和―think,

hope,

want,

believe,

like‖等表示静态的动词连用。

The

question

is

going

to

be

very

complex.这个问题将会很复杂。

The

voters

aren’t

going

to

like

him.选民们不会喜欢他的。

④be

going

to

和will的区别:A.

will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事,不含任何具体的时间,可以指遥远的将来;而be

going

to

指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生,通常指很快就要发生的事情。

Listen

to

the

wind.

We

are

going

to

have

a

rough

crossing.听那风声,我们横渡时一定困难很大。

He

will

get

better.他的病会好的。(即认为最终会恢复健康,而不是马上恢复)

He

is

gong

to

get

better.他的病就会好了。(指有恢复的迹象)

B.

be

gong

to

和will均可表示意图,但事先考虑过的意图用be

going

to,不是事先考虑过的意图用will。

-Why

have

you

torn

the

paper

into

pieces?你怎么把论代撕了?-

I

am

going

to

rewrite

it.(事先考虑,不用will)我要重写。

-Is

it

really

a

big

stone?

-I

will

help

you

to

move

it.(未经事先考虑,不用be

going

to

)

2)、用现在进行时来表示将来:现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,这一结构常用于表示位臵转移的动词,如come

,

go

,

leave,

start

,move,

arrive等,还有join,

play,

eat,

work,

return,

take,

wear,

stay,

sleep,

meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

I'm

leaving

for

Tibet

on

Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。

He

is

not

coming.他不来了。

They

are

arriving

tomorrow

afternoon.他们明天下午到达。

3)、

―be

to+动词原形‖表将来:

―be

to+动词原形‖表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。

There's

to

be

a

slide

show

this

afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。

You

are

to

hand

in

your

papers

by

10

o'clock.

10点你得交上试卷。

If

a

man

is

to

succeed,

he

must

work

as

hard

as

he

can.一个人要想成功,他就必须拼命干。

十四、一般过去时:简单地说是表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

一般过去时态句子结构:

1.

Be

动词的一般过去时态:在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,

am

is

的过去式为was;

are的过去式为were.构成:

肯定句:主语+was

(were)

+表语

如:I

was

late

yesterday.

否定句:主语+was

(were)

+not+表语

如:We

weren't

late

yesterday.

She

wasn't

a

teacher

three

years

ago.

疑问句:一般疑问句:Was

(Were)

+主语+表语

如:Were

you

ill

yesterday?

Were

they

once

your

classmates?

肯定回答:

Yes,

I

was.

否定句:

No,

I

wasn't.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+

Was

(Were)

+主语+表语

Who

were

your

best

friends

in

your

primary

school?

2.

实义动词的一般过去时态:肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和

does

的过去式

did.

肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语

如:I

went

home

at

nine

o'clock

yesterday.

否定句:主语+didn't

+动词原形+宾语

如:I

didn't

go

home

yesterday.

He

didn't

tell

me

about

you.

疑问句:一般疑问句:Did

+主语+动词原形+宾语

如:Did

you

go

home

yesterday?

Did

you

study

in

the

school?

肯定回答:

Yes,

I

did.

否定回答:No,

I

didn't.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did

+主语+动词原型+宾语

When

did

you

finish

your

homework

last

night?

What

did

you

do

the

day

before

yesterday?

3.

助动词和情态动词过去式如下:

shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数

will―would(将要)用于所有人称

can―

could(能,会)

may―might(可以)

must―must

(必须)

have

to―had

to(不得不)

助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。

如:

I

had

to

do

my

homework

yesterday.

(昨天我不得不做作业。)

一般过去时的时间状语表示一般过去时的时间状语有:a

moment

ago(刚才),yesterday

morning,last

night/

week,the

day

before

yesterday(前天),just

now(刚才)等。

4、一般现在时和一般过去时的比较:一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系,而一般过去时和说话的―现在‖没有联系。

His

father

is

a

film

director.他父亲是电影导演

(他现在还是)

His

father

was

a

film

director.他父亲曾是电影导演

(他现在不是)

How

do

you

like

the

novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样?(还在看小说)

How

did

you

like

the

novel?

你觉得这部小说怎么样?(已看完小说)

5、动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下:

(1)一般情况下,动词词尾加

ed

,如:

work—worked;

play—played;want—

wanted;

act—acted

(2)以不发音的

e

结尾动词,动词词尾加

d,如:

live—lived;

move—moved;decide—decided;decline—declined;

hope—hoped;

(3)以辅音字母

+

y结尾的动词,把y变为i

再加ed,:

Studied

tried

copied

cried

carried

emptied

(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加

ed,如:

stopped

begged

dragged

dropped

planned

dotted

dripped

(5)注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。

go

-

went,make

-

made,get

-

got

,buy

-

bought

,come

-

came

,fly-flew

,is/am-was,are-were

,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,

think-thought,

say-said,

sit-sat.

read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,

put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew,

以上的(1)至(4)条中的发音均有改变,具体分别有/d/

/t/

/id/。

专项练习

选择

1.

She

lived

there

before

he

____

to

China.

A.

came

B.

comes

C.

come

D.

coming

)2.

I

_____

but

_____

nothing.

A

.

was

listened;

was

hearing

B.

listened;

heard

C

.

have

listened;

heard

D.

listened;

heard

of

)3.

When

did

you

____here?

A.

got

to

B.

reached

C.

arrive

in

D.

reach

)4.

I

____

my

homework

at

7:00

yesterday

evening.

A.

finished

B.

would

finish

C.

was

finishing

D.

finish

)5

He

didn't

go

shopping

with

you

yesterday

afternoon,

did

he?

_______.

A.

No,

he

doesn't

B.

Yes,

he

didn't

C.

No,

he

did

D.

Yes,

he

did.

(

)

6

-I

have

had

supper.

When

____you

____it?

A.

have;

had

B.

do,

have

C.

did,

have

D.

will

have

二、请用正确动词形式填空。

1

They____(be)

on

the

farm

a

moment

ago.

2

There____(be)a

shop

not

long

ago.

3

Jenny____(not

go)to

bed

until

11:00

o'clock

last

night.4

Danny

_____(read

)English

five

minutes

ago.5

I

_____(see)Li

Lei

____(go)

out

just

now.

6

He

____(do)his

homework

every

day.

But

he

__(not

do)it

yesterday.

7

When

I

was

young,

I

_____(play)games

with

my

friends.

8

When

____you_____(write)this

book?

I

_____it

last

year.

9

Did

he____(have)

lunch

at

home?

10

I

_____(eat)

the

bread,

I

'm

full

now.

11.

I

_________

(have)

an

exciting

party

last

weekend.

12.

_________

she

_________(practice)

her

guitar

yesterday?

No,

she

_________.

13.

What

________

Tom

________

(do)

on

Saturday

evening?

He

_____(watch)

TV

and

______(read)

an

interesting

book.

14.

They

all

_________(go)

to

the

mountains

yesterday

morning.

15.

She

_________(not

visit)

her

aunt

last

weekend.

She

________

(stay)

at

home

and

_________(do)

some

cleaning.

16.

When

________

you

_________(write)

this

song?

I

__________(write)

it

last

year.

17.

My

friend,

Carol,

_______(study)

for

the

math

test

and

________(practice)

English

last

night.

18.

________

Mr.

Li

_____(do)

the

project

on

Monday

morning?

Yes,

he

_________.

19.

How

______(be)

Jim's

weekend?

It

_____(be

not)

bad.

20.

______(be)

your

mother

a

sales

assistant

last

year?

No.

she

__________.

三、翻译下列句子

1.

我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。

I

_________

_________

__________

__________

exciting

weekend.

2.

Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。

Jenny

likes

_______.

She

_____

an

English

book

last

night.

3.

Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。

Emma

_______

TV

every

day.

But

he

_________

yesterday.

4.

上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。

What

________

they

_________

_________

Saturday?

They

_________

__________

homework

and

_________

__________.

三、改写句子:

1、Lucy

did

her

homework

at

home.(改否定句)

Lucy

___________

___________

her

homework

at

home.

2、He

found

some

meat

in

the

fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)

___________

he

__________

___________

meat

in

the

fridge?

3、She

stayed

there

for

a

week.(对划线部分提问)

__________

___________

__________

she

__________

there?

4、There

was

some

orange

in

the

cup.(变一般疑问句)

_________

there

___________

orange

in

the

cup?

十五、形容词比较级和最高级:

绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级,

以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。

(一)、形容词的原级:

形容词的原级形式就是形容词的原形。

例如:

poor

tall

great

glad

bad

(二)、形容词的比较级和最高级:

形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。

分为规则变化和不规则变化。

1、规则变化如下:

1)

单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加

–er(est

)。

great

(原级):

(比较级)

(最高级)

2)

-e

结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加

-r

-st

构成。

wide

(原级):

(比较级)

(最高级)

3)少数以-y,

-er,

-ow,

-ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er

和-est

构成。

clever(原级):

(比较级)

(最高级)

4)

-y

结尾,但

-y

前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把

-y

去掉,加上

-ier

和-est

构成.

happy

(原形):

(比较级)

(最高级)

5)

以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。

big

(原级):

(比较级)

(最高级)

6)

双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more

most

加在形容词前面来构成。

beautiful

(原级):

(比较级)

(最高级)

difficult

(原级):

(比较级)

(最高级)

2、常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:

goodbetterbest

manymoremost

muchmoremost

badworseworst

farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest

形容词前如加

less

least

,则表示"较不"和"最不"

:

important

重要

less

important

较~

least

important

最~

(三)、形容词比较级的用法:

形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:

主语+谓语(系动词)+

形容词比较级+than+

对比成分。

也就是,

含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分,

而只剩下对比的成分。

Our

teacher

is

we

are.

我们老师的个子比我们的高。

It

is

today

than

it

was

yesterday.

今天的天气比昨天暖和。

This

picture

is

than

that

one.

这张照片比那张照片漂亮。

This

meeting

is

than

that

one.

这次会议不如那次会议重要。

The

sun

is

than

the

moon.

太阳比月亮大得多。

(四)、形容词最高级的用法:

形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,

其结构形式为:

主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。

She

is

student

her

class.

她是班上最好的学生。

Shanghai

is

one

of

cities

China.

上海是中国最大城市之一

This

is

apple

I

have

ever

met.

这是我见到的最大的苹果。

Tom

is

boy

in

his

basketball

team.汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。

练习题:

1.

This

box

is___

that

one.

A.

heavy

than

B.

so

heavy

than

C.

heavier

as

D.

as

heavy

as

2.

This

book

is____

that

one,

but____

than

that

one.

A.

as

difficult

as;

expensive

B.

as

more

difficult

as;

more

expensive

C.

as

difficult

as;

more

expensive

D.

more

difficult

as;

as

expensive

3.

I

think

the

story

is

not

so

___

as

that

one.

A.

interesting

B.

interested

C.

more

interesting

D.

most

interesting

4.

His

father

began

to

work____

he

was

seven

years

old.

A.

as

old

as

B.

as

early

as

C.

since

D.

while

5.

I

think

science

is

_

than

Japanese.

A.

much

important

B.

important

C.

much

more

important

D.

more

much

important6.

This

pencil

is___

than

that

one.

A.

longest

B.

long

C.

longer

D.

as

long

7.

My

mother

is

no

___

young.

A.

shorter

B.

longer

C.

little

D.

few

8.These

children

are

____

this

year

th

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