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4/14新概念英语青少版2A语法知识大全一、助动词
do/does
的用法
例句:Do
you
want
any
breakfast
,Paul
?
How
much
juice
do
you
want
?
I
don’t
want
any
coffee,
but
I
want
some
tea
.
这里,我们看这几个句子既出现了实义动词want,又出现了do,仔细观察发现:这些句子都是在的帮助下形成的,因此称这个do为助动词。
助动词在句中不能独立使用作谓语,并通常用于主语为第一人称、第二人称或者第三人称复数的疑问句和否定句中。
【第三人称复数:人称代词分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。单数是指一个人,多于一个人就为复数。We(我们)、You(你们)、They(他们/她们/它们)
分别是
第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的
复数形式。】
1、将一个肯定句变为疑问句时,应将do/does放在主语的前面,实义动词用原形。
例句:I/
We
/
You
want
some
yoghurt.
→Do
you
want
any
yoghurt
?
William
wants
some
beer.→Does
William
want
any
beer?
She
likes
that
one.
→Does
she
like
that
one?
2、变否定句时则要在句中谓语动词的前面加do
not(don’t)或doesn’t。
例句:I
don‘t
want
any
coffee,
but
I
want
some
tea
.
She
doesn‘t
like
that
one.
→Doesn‘t
she
like
that
one?
William
wants
some
beer.→William
doesn‘t
want
any
beer.
3、变特殊疑问句时,见一、2、D/讲解部分及特殊疑问词部分。
二、Can/Must/May等情态动词的用法
1、can的具体用法:can是情态动词,不能在句中单独作谓语,必须和其他动词原形构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也就是说,不管主语是第几人称,单数还是复数,can都没有变化。即表示能力,也表示可能性。
【口诀:can的用法很重要,千变万化都知道。肯定用can加原形,否定把can变can‘t,疑问can就往前提,原形留在主语后。细心体会多练习,保证不会犯错误。】
例如:
肯定句:Vikki
can
drive
a
car.
变否定句:Vikki
can’t
drive
a
car.
变一般疑问句:Can
Vikki
drive
a
car?
变特殊疑问句:Who
can
drive
a
car?
2、must的具体用法:must与can一样,都是情态动词,不能在句中单独作谓语,必须和其他动词原形构成谓语。也没有人称和数的变化.must是―必须‖的意思,表示语气强烈的命令、意图等。在否定句和疑问句的用法也与can一样。
You
must
eat.
Must
you
go
now?
I
can
drink
some
water
,but
I
mustn’t
eat.3、can‘t与mustn‘t的区别:
can‘t
意即―不能,不会‖,
表示不可能、无法;mustn‘t而意为―禁止,不可以‖,表示强烈的建议、意图和命令等,语气强硬。
4、may的具体用法:助词。
1)
(表示可能性)可能,也许:She
may
be
a
nurse.
2)(表示许可或请求许可)可以:"May
I
come
in?"
"Yes,
please."
3)(表示希望、祝愿等)祝,愿:May
you
succeed!
4)
(表示目的)(以便)能,(使...)可以
They
try
to
cure
the
disease
so
that
people
may
live
longer.
他们设法根治该病以便使人们活得更长些。
5)
(用于问句中,表示不确定)会,究竟:
Who
may
the
man
be?
这个人会是谁呢?
6)
表示期望)能够,会:We
hope
she
may
win.
我们希望她会获胜。
三、have/has
got
的用法
在英语中通常用
have
got代替
have,当主语为第三人称单数时,用has
got
代替has,have
got
或has
got可以与前面的主语缩写为
‘ve
或
‗s。
1)肯定式:We’ve
(We
have
)got
an
English
lesson
today.
Lucy
and
Tom
have
got
two
chairs.
My
parents
have
got
a
big
house.
You
have
got
everything.
你什么都有了。
He
has
got
terrible
toothache.
2):否定式:
在have
got
中,have
为助动词,在其后加否定词not,
就可以构成否定句。Have/Has
not
got=haven‘t/has
n‘t
got
如:They
haven’t
got
computer
lessons
this
week.
He
hasn’t
got
a
pencil.
My
mother
hasn’t
got
much
money.
3)、一般疑问句及回答
:只需将have或has提前到句首即可。回答时协助于助动词have或has.
如:Have
you
got
a
notebook?
Yes,
I
have./No,
I
haven’t.
Have
they
got
a
library?
Yes,
they
have./No,
they
haven’t.
Has
Tom
got
stomach-ache?
Yes,
he
has./No,
he
hasn’t.
4)、特殊问句:
只需选用恰当的疑问词,再接正确的一般疑问句即可。
How
many
rulers
have
they
got?
When
have
they
got
this
school?
What
has
he
got
?
【特别提醒】:只能用have/has,不能用have
/has
got的情形
。
◆在助动词或情态动词之后,不能用have
/has
got
。
He
hasn’t
got
a
computer.(T)
(F)
He
doesn’t
have
got
a
computer.
He
doesn‘t
have
a
computer.(T)
◆当have与动词转化而来的名词构成短语时,不能用have
/has
got
。
Have
a
look,
have
a
break,
have
a
drink
◆在一些固定搭配中,不能用have
/has
got
。
Have
a
good
time,
have
breakfast,
have
lessons
如:
six—
sixth,
nineteen—nineteenth.
2)从第20-99:
整数第几十的形式由基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加―eth‖构成。
twenty—twentieth,
thirty—hirtieth
表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符―-‖和个位序数词形式一起表示。
thirty-first
第三十一,
fifty-sixth
第五十六
,
seventy-third
第七十三,
ninety-ninth
第九十九
3)第一百以上的多位序数词
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。
one
hundred
and
twenty-first
第一百二十一,
one
thousand,three
hundred
and
twentieth
第一千三百二十
(4)序数词的缩写形式
主要缩写形式有。
first—lst,
second—2nd,
third—3rd,
fourth—4th,
twentieth—20th,
twenty-third——23rd
,
其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
【注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词
the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示―再—‖,―又—‖。
We'll
go
over
it
a
second
time.
我们得再念第二遍。
】
七、表达天气和季节:
1、天气的表达:英语中通常用it来代替天气,所以表达天气最常用的句型就是:It
is
+
表示天气的形容词
+
in
+
月份或季节等。
如:
Is
it
ever
fine
and
warm
in
England?
2、针对天气的提问通常用What‘s
the
weather
like
…?句型。
如:What’s
the
weather
like
in
July
here?
I’s
often
wet
and
hot.
3、四季的表述:春:
夏:
秋
冬:
;四季之前用介词in,而且不能使用冠词!
如:It’s
often
cold
and
dry
in
winter.
测试:想想表示天气的形容词:
八、时间、日期、年龄和星期的表达方式:
1、时间的表达方式:
A/整点时间的表达方式用―小时数+o‘clock‖,
如:six
o’clock.
B/半点的表达方式用―half
past
+小时数‖,half
past
six.
C/整点过一刻或半点之内的表达方式有用:
―a
quarter(数字)
past
+
小时数‖,如:twenty-six
past
six.
D/整点差一刻或半点之内的表达方式有用:
―a
quarter(数字)
to
+
小时数‖,如:twenty-six
to
six.
◆与具体钟点连用用介词at.
如:at
twenty-six
past
six.
2、日期的两种表达方式:
A/―the
+
序数词
+
of
+
月份‖,如:the
first
of
August.
B/―月份
+
the
+
序数词‖,如:September
the
fourth.
【注意】
◆与月份连用的介词一般是in。如:My
birthday
is
in
April.
◆而在具体的某一天就要用介词on.
如:I
must
go
at
two
on
Friday.
You
can
come
home
on
the
third
of
February.提问?
→
(动脑筋哦!)
◆针对具体几月几日提问要用What’s
the
date
…,回答用It
is
+
日期。如:What’s
the
date
today?
→It
is
the
ninth
of
January.
掌握月份:一、二、三…十二月:注意第一个字母何时何地要大写哦!
3、年龄的表达方式:用―数字
+
years
old‖或直接数字表达。
如:Karen
is
42
years
old.
→How
old
is
Karen?
Robert
is
9.
→How
old
is
Robert?
4、星期几的表达方式:It
is
+
星期一(二、三…)。提问用What
day
is
it?
如:What
day
is
it
today,
Karen?
It‘s
Monday.
掌握星期一(二、三…日):注意第一个字母何时何地要大写哦!
九、频度副词
频度副词是指表示动作发生的次数的副词。动作有时发生,经常发生,还是总是发生呢?常见频度副词按频率大小排列如下:
always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes(40%)>seldom(20%)>
never(0%)。
1、频度副词在句子中的位臵
◆位于be动词、助动词等之后,行为动词之前。
1.
在be动词之后。如:She
is
sometimes
very
busy.
2.
在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如:I
will
never
forget
this
lesson.
3.
在实义动词之前。如:
It
never
snows
in
winter
here.◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:
Sometimes
she
writes
to
me.
=She
writes
to
me
sometimes.
She
writes
to
me
often.
Never
tell
him
the
news.
千万不要告诉他这消息。
2、频度副词的用法
◆always
频率最高,表示―一直、总是‖,其反义词为never。如:The
rich
are
not
always
happy.
有钱的人并不总是快乐的。
Li
Ping
is
always
late
for
school.(变为否定句)→Li
Ping
is
never
late
for
school.(全部否定)
【注意】always等与not连用时,表示部分否定。
Li
Ping
is
not
always
late
for
school.
李平上学不总是迟到。
【频度副词通常和一般现在时连用,表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时,并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如:He
is
always
thinking
of
others.(赞叹)
She
is
always
asking
silly
questions.
她总是问些愚蠢的问题。(厌烦)】
◆usually意为―通常‖,表示习惯性动作或状态,很少有例外。如:
We
usually
go
to
school
at
seven
in
the
morning.
My
mother
and
I
usually
go
shopping
on
Sundays.
◆Often意为―经常,时常‖,表示反复性的动作或状态,中间有间断,不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。
如:It
often
rains
here
in
April.
The
boys
often
eat
noodles
and
the
girls
sometimes
eat
them.
He
writes
to
his
friends
quite
often.
(often在句尾时常被very或quite连用)。他常给他的朋友写信。
◆sometimes意为―有时‖,频率不及often,表示动作偶尔发生,间断时间较长。其位臵比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:
Sometimes
we
go
to
the
cinema
and
at
other
times
we
go
for
a
walk.
/I
sometimes
watch
TV
in
the
evening.
/My
father
has
lunch
in
the
factory
sometimes.
◆seldom意为―很少‖;never意为―从不‖。这两个副词表示否定意义,动作几乎不会发生。
如:
He
seldom
eats
breakfast.
他很少吃早餐。
The
little
girl
seldom
goes
out.
这个小女孩很少外出。
The
boys
never
eat
chocolate
and
the
girls
seldom
eat
it.
男生从不吃巧克力,女生很少吃。
[谚语]Better
late
than
never.
迟到(迟做)总比不来(不做)好。
◆hardly具有否定意义,表示―几乎不、简直不‖,除非特殊情况,否则不会发生。如:
The
boy
is
so
young
that
he
could
hardly
understand
it.
◆对上述频度副词提问时,用how
often。如:
I
write
to
my
brother
sometimes.
→How
often
do
you
write
to
your
brother?
十、特殊疑问词:
特殊疑问词是特殊疑问句中必有(开头第一个)的单词,回答不同一般疑问句,答法通常有时间、地点、人名、多少、原因等。记法:特殊疑问词的开头一般是Wh,How。常见的特殊疑问词:
1、where:哪里(状语)
例:
Where
is
my
blue
shirt?
2、what
:什么
例:
What
are
your
favourite
animals?
What
is
the
weather
like
in
July
here?
It’s
often
sunny.
◆what
colour:问颜色(表语)
◆what
time:针对钟点提问
◆what
date/day:针对几月几号/星期提问
◆what
language:什么语言
◆what
kind
of:
什么样的…(对对方所询问的人或物品进行详细描述。)
例:I
like
story
books.
→What
kind
of
books
do
you
like?
3、when:针对所有表示时间的短语提问(回答用At...
On...)
例:My
music
lesson
is
at
half
past
three.
→What
time
is
your
music
lesson?
或者→
When
is
your
music
lesson?
You
can
call
me
tomorrow.
→When
can
I
call
you?
(只能用When,而不能用What
time)
4、which:哪一个,哪个
5、who
:谁
(
回答用He
is...
/She
is...
/They
are...等)
6、whom:
谁(宾格)
7、whose:谁的
(回答用It
is…
/These/Those
are…等)
8、why:
为什么
(回答用Because,问原因)
9、How:怎么样
◆How
many:多少数量
◆
How
much:多少(不可数名词/价格)
例如:How
much
beer
do
you
want?
◆How
old:几岁(用于年龄)
◆How
big:多大
◆How
heavy:多重
◆How
far:多远路程
◆How
often:多少次(常用于频度副词的提问)
十一、现在进行时
1现在进行时表达的内容:现在进行时表示A、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调―此时此刻‖。例如:
He
is
reading
.
They
are
talking
now.
B、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。例如:
They
are
working
these
days.
C、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。例如:
I
am
coming.
总之,此类时态一般由look,
listen,
now,
at
this
moment等时间状语做标志。
2、现在进行时的句型结构:其结构为be+现在分词.
3、现在分词的变法:
1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing
,例:
jump
2)、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing.
例:
have
write
3)、以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing.
例:
sit
put
4、现在进行时的句式变换:都在be上做文章
例:
肯定句:
He
is
buying
a
bike.
否定句:He
isn’t
buying
a
bike.
疑问句:Is
he
buying
a
bike?
【特别提醒】尽管现在进行时比较简单,但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误,常见的错误有如下几种:
1)、
把动词变成现在分词形式易出错;
例:◆
They
are
swiming.(swim)
◆Jenny
is
plaiing(play)football.
答案:
swimming
/playing
【解析】:动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:―一添一去y不变‖.
―一添‖指双写规则;―一去‖指去掉不发音字母e规则;―y不变‖指要与名词变复数区分开。
2)、
丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词;
例:◆
Look,two
children
flying
(fly)
a
kite
in
the
park.
◆Li
Mingisn’t
read
(
not
read)
a
book
in
bed
now.
答案:
are
flying
/isn’t
reading
【解析】:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为:
―be+现在分词,缺一不可‖。这一点必须牢记。
3)、
对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing
◆The
students
are
singing
in
the
room.(对划线部分提问)
What
are
the
students
in
the
room?
答案:What
are
the
students
doing
in
the
room?
【解析】:现在进行时态中,对动作提问可记住此句式―What
+be
+主语+doing+其它?‖句式。
4)、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式
例:孩子们在跑还是在跳?
Are
the
children
running
or
jump?
答案:Are
the
children
running
or
jumping?
【解析】:
or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。
【测试训练】一
、单选
1、
Look!
He
_____their
mother
do
the
housework.
A.
is
helping
B.
are
help
C.
is
help
D.
is
helpping
2
、
____are
the
boys
doing
?
They
are
singing
in
the
room.A
.Who
B
.How
C.What
D.Where
3、
Don’t
talk
here.
My
mother
_____.
A.
is
sleeping
B
.are
sleeping
C.
sleeping
D
.sleep
4
、Danny
______.
Don’t
call
him.
A.
is
writeing
B
.is
writing
C.writing
D
.writes
5
、–When_____he_____back?
–
Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
A.
does,come
B.are
coming
C.is
come
D.is
coming
二
、填空
1、
It’s
ten
o’clock.
My
mother
_____(lie)in
bed.
2、
What____he
_____(mend)?
3、
We
_____(play)games
now.
4、
What
____you____(do)
these
days?
5、
____he
___(clean)
the
classroom?
6、
Who____(sing)in
the
next
room?
7、The
girl____(like)wearing
a
sweater.
Look!
She
____(wear)a
red
sweater
today.
十二、一般现在时态:一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或客观事实、真理。一般现在时的构成有两种形式:
1、be动词构成的一般现在时:be动词的形式要随主语的变化而变化:◆肯定句:I
am
……
You/We/They
are……
He/She/It
is……
◆否定句:I
am
not
……
You/We/They
are
not
(aren’t)……
He/She/It
is
not
(isn’t)…例句:
It’s
not
very
long.
◆一般疑问句:Am
I
……?
Are
you/we/they……?
Is
he/she/it……?
◆特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词
+
am
+
I……?
特殊疑问词
+
are
+
you/we/they……?
特殊疑问词
+
is
+
he/she/it……?
2、实义动词构成的一般现在时:
实义动词构成一般现在时态时,当主语是第三人称单数【第三人称单数:人称代词分为第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。单数是指一个人,多于一个人就为复数。I(我)、You(你)、He/She/It(他/她/它)
分别是
第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的单数形式。】的时候,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式;而当其他人称代词作主语时,谓语动词则要用原形。
【动词第三人称单数:动词单三形式变化规则跟名词变复数的规则类似,即:大多数动词在词尾加s;以辅音字母加y结尾的词要变y为i加es;以字母s、x、sh、ch、o结尾的词要加es。如:
1、He
speaks
English
well.
2、David
plays
basketball
very
well.
3、
My
sister
does
her
homework
first
after
school.
4、The
weather
often
changes
here.】
◆肯定句:I
/We/You/They
+
动词原形
+
……
He/She/It
+
动词第三人称单数形式
+
……
◆否定句:I
/
We
/
You
/They
+
do
not(don’t)
+
动词原形
+
……
He/She/It
+
does
not(doesn’t)
+
动词原形
+
……..
◆一般疑问句:Do
+
I
/We/You/They
+
动词原形
+
…………?
Does
+
he/she/it
+
动词原形
+……?
◆特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词
+
do
you/we/they
+
动词原形
+……?
特殊疑问词
+
does
he/she/it
+
动词原形+……?
How
much
juice
do
you
want
?
十三、一般将来时用法
1、概述:一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,
next
week,
next
year等。例:
Why
don’t
you
put
the
meat
in
the
fridge?
It
will
stay
fresh
for
several
days.
2、构成:一般将来时由―助动词will/shall+动词原形‖构成。will用于第二、三人称,shall第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩写为'll,will
not简缩为won‘t[wount]。但在美国英语中,各种人称皆可用will。例:
He
will
help
his
sister
with
her
lessons.
We
won't
be
free
this
afternoon.
3、用法:
1)、表示未来的动作或存在状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如tomorrow,
next
Sunday,
soon,
in
a
month,
in
the
future等。
We
shall
leave
for
London
next
Monday.
He
will
come
to
see
you
the
day
after
tomorrow.
You
will
be
20
next
year.明年你就二十了。
2)、表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。例:
We
shall
come
and
work
in
this
factory
every
year.
The
students
will
have
five
English
classes
per
week
this
term.
4、其他表达方法
1)―be
going
to+动词原形‖表将来:
①
这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事。
What
are
you
going
to
do
next
Sunday?
They
are
going
to
meet
outside
the
school
gate.
②
还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。
I
think
I'm
going
to
die.
我想我要死了。(现在生命垂危)
Look
at
the
cloud.
It’s
going
to
rain.乌云密布,使我断定天要下雨)
The
ice
is
going
to
break.冰就要破了。③这种结构表示―肯定、预测,注定会‖。在这种情况下可以和―think,
hope,
want,
believe,
like‖等表示静态的动词连用。
The
question
is
going
to
be
very
complex.这个问题将会很复杂。
The
voters
aren’t
going
to
like
him.选民们不会喜欢他的。
④be
going
to
和will的区别:A.
will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事,不含任何具体的时间,可以指遥远的将来;而be
going
to
指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生,通常指很快就要发生的事情。
Listen
to
the
wind.
We
are
going
to
have
a
rough
crossing.听那风声,我们横渡时一定困难很大。
He
will
get
better.他的病会好的。(即认为最终会恢复健康,而不是马上恢复)
He
is
gong
to
get
better.他的病就会好了。(指有恢复的迹象)
B.
be
gong
to
和will均可表示意图,但事先考虑过的意图用be
going
to,不是事先考虑过的意图用will。
-Why
have
you
torn
the
paper
into
pieces?你怎么把论代撕了?-
I
am
going
to
rewrite
it.(事先考虑,不用will)我要重写。
-Is
it
really
a
big
stone?
-I
will
help
you
to
move
it.(未经事先考虑,不用be
going
to
)
2)、用现在进行时来表示将来:现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,这一结构常用于表示位臵转移的动词,如come
,
go
,
leave,
start
,move,
arrive等,还有join,
play,
eat,
work,
return,
take,
wear,
stay,
sleep,
meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
I'm
leaving
for
Tibet
on
Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。
He
is
not
coming.他不来了。
They
are
arriving
tomorrow
afternoon.他们明天下午到达。
3)、
―be
to+动词原形‖表将来:
―be
to+动词原形‖表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。
There's
to
be
a
slide
show
this
afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。
You
are
to
hand
in
your
papers
by
10
o'clock.
10点你得交上试卷。
If
a
man
is
to
succeed,
he
must
work
as
hard
as
he
can.一个人要想成功,他就必须拼命干。
十四、一般过去时:简单地说是表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般过去时态句子结构:
1.
Be
动词的一般过去时态:在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,
am
is
的过去式为was;
are的过去式为were.构成:
肯定句:主语+was
(were)
+表语
如:I
was
late
yesterday.
否定句:主语+was
(were)
+not+表语
如:We
weren't
late
yesterday.
She
wasn't
a
teacher
three
years
ago.
疑问句:一般疑问句:Was
(Were)
+主语+表语
如:Were
you
ill
yesterday?
Were
they
once
your
classmates?
肯定回答:
Yes,
I
was.
否定句:
No,
I
wasn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+
Was
(Were)
+主语+表语
Who
were
your
best
friends
in
your
primary
school?
2.
实义动词的一般过去时态:肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和
does
的过去式
did.
肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语
如:I
went
home
at
nine
o'clock
yesterday.
否定句:主语+didn't
+动词原形+宾语
如:I
didn't
go
home
yesterday.
He
didn't
tell
me
about
you.
疑问句:一般疑问句:Did
+主语+动词原形+宾语
如:Did
you
go
home
yesterday?
Did
you
study
in
the
school?
肯定回答:
Yes,
I
did.
否定回答:No,
I
didn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did
+主语+动词原型+宾语
When
did
you
finish
your
homework
last
night?
What
did
you
do
the
day
before
yesterday?
3.
助动词和情态动词过去式如下:
shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数
will―would(将要)用于所有人称
can―
could(能,会)
may―might(可以)
must―must
(必须)
have
to―had
to(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。
如:
I
had
to
do
my
homework
yesterday.
(昨天我不得不做作业。)
一般过去时的时间状语表示一般过去时的时间状语有:a
moment
ago(刚才),yesterday
morning,last
night/
week,the
day
before
yesterday(前天),just
now(刚才)等。
4、一般现在时和一般过去时的比较:一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系,而一般过去时和说话的―现在‖没有联系。
His
father
is
a
film
director.他父亲是电影导演
(他现在还是)
His
father
was
a
film
director.他父亲曾是电影导演
(他现在不是)
How
do
you
like
the
novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样?(还在看小说)
How
did
you
like
the
novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样?(已看完小说)
5、动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下:
(1)一般情况下,动词词尾加
ed
,如:
work—worked;
play—played;want—
wanted;
act—acted
(2)以不发音的
e
结尾动词,动词词尾加
d,如:
live—lived;
move—moved;decide—decided;decline—declined;
hope—hoped;
(3)以辅音字母
+
y结尾的动词,把y变为i
再加ed,:
Studied
tried
copied
cried
carried
emptied
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加
ed,如:
stopped
begged
dragged
dropped
planned
dotted
dripped
(5)注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go
-
went,make
-
made,get
-
got
,buy
-
bought
,come
-
came
,fly-flew
,is/am-was,are-were
,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,
think-thought,
say-said,
sit-sat.
read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,
put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew,
以上的(1)至(4)条中的发音均有改变,具体分别有/d/
/t/
/id/。
专项练习
一
选择
1.
She
lived
there
before
he
____
to
China.
A.
came
B.
comes
C.
come
D.
coming
(
)2.
I
_____
but
_____
nothing.
A
.
was
listened;
was
hearing
B.
listened;
heard
C
.
have
listened;
heard
D.
listened;
heard
of
(
)3.
When
did
you
____here?
A.
got
to
B.
reached
C.
arrive
in
D.
reach
(
)4.
I
____
my
homework
at
7:00
yesterday
evening.
A.
finished
B.
would
finish
C.
was
finishing
D.
finish
(
)5
He
didn't
go
shopping
with
you
yesterday
afternoon,
did
he?
_______.
A.
No,
he
doesn't
B.
Yes,
he
didn't
C.
No,
he
did
D.
Yes,
he
did.
(
)
6
-I
have
had
supper.
When
____you
____it?
A.
have;
had
B.
do,
have
C.
did,
have
D.
will
have
二、请用正确动词形式填空。
1
They____(be)
on
the
farm
a
moment
ago.
2
There____(be)a
shop
not
long
ago.
3
Jenny____(not
go)to
bed
until
11:00
o'clock
last
night.4
Danny
_____(read
)English
five
minutes
ago.5
I
_____(see)Li
Lei
____(go)
out
just
now.
6
He
____(do)his
homework
every
day.
But
he
__(not
do)it
yesterday.
7
When
I
was
young,
I
_____(play)games
with
my
friends.
8
When
____you_____(write)this
book?
I
_____it
last
year.
9
Did
he____(have)
lunch
at
home?
10
I
_____(eat)
the
bread,
I
'm
full
now.
11.
I
_________
(have)
an
exciting
party
last
weekend.
12.
_________
she
_________(practice)
her
guitar
yesterday?
No,
she
_________.
13.
What
________
Tom
________
(do)
on
Saturday
evening?
He
_____(watch)
TV
and
______(read)
an
interesting
book.
14.
They
all
_________(go)
to
the
mountains
yesterday
morning.
15.
She
_________(not
visit)
her
aunt
last
weekend.
She
________
(stay)
at
home
and
_________(do)
some
cleaning.
16.
When
________
you
_________(write)
this
song?
I
__________(write)
it
last
year.
17.
My
friend,
Carol,
_______(study)
for
the
math
test
and
________(practice)
English
last
night.
18.
________
Mr.
Li
_____(do)
the
project
on
Monday
morning?
Yes,
he
_________.
19.
How
______(be)
Jim's
weekend?
It
_____(be
not)
bad.
20.
______(be)
your
mother
a
sales
assistant
last
year?
No.
she
__________.
三、翻译下列句子
1.
我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
I
_________
_________
__________
__________
exciting
weekend.
2.
Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。
Jenny
likes
_______.
She
_____
an
English
book
last
night.
3.
Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。
Emma
_______
TV
every
day.
But
he
_________
yesterday.
4.
上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。
What
________
they
_________
_________
Saturday?
They
_________
__________
homework
and
_________
__________.
三、改写句子:
1、Lucy
did
her
homework
at
home.(改否定句)
Lucy
___________
___________
her
homework
at
home.
2、He
found
some
meat
in
the
fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)
___________
he
__________
___________
meat
in
the
fridge?
3、She
stayed
there
for
a
week.(对划线部分提问)
__________
___________
__________
she
__________
there?
4、There
was
some
orange
in
the
cup.(变一般疑问句)
_________
there
___________
orange
in
the
cup?
十五、形容词比较级和最高级:
绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级,
以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。
(一)、形容词的原级:
形容词的原级形式就是形容词的原形。
例如:
poor
tall
great
glad
bad
。
(二)、形容词的比较级和最高级:
形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。
分为规则变化和不规则变化。
1、规则变化如下:
1)
单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加
–er(est
)。
great
(原级):
(比较级)
(最高级)
2)
以
-e
结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加
-r
和
-st
构成。
wide
(原级):
(比较级)
(最高级)
3)少数以-y,
-er,
-ow,
-ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er
和-est
构成。
clever(原级):
(比较级)
(最高级)
4)
以
-y
结尾,但
-y
前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把
-y
去掉,加上
-ier
和-est
构成.
happy
(原形):
(比较级)
(最高级)
5)
以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。
big
(原级):
(比较级)
(最高级)
6)
双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more
和
most
加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful
(原级):
(比较级)
(最高级)
difficult
(原级):
(比较级)
(最高级)
2、常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:
goodbetterbest
manymoremost
muchmoremost
badworseworst
farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest
形容词前如加
less
和
least
,则表示"较不"和"最不"
:
important
重要
less
important
较~
least
important
最~
(三)、形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+
形容词比较级+than+
对比成分。
也就是,
含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分,
而只剩下对比的成分。
Our
teacher
is
we
are.
我们老师的个子比我们的高。
It
is
today
than
it
was
yesterday.
今天的天气比昨天暖和。
This
picture
is
than
that
one.
这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
This
meeting
is
than
that
one.
这次会议不如那次会议重要。
The
sun
is
than
the
moon.
太阳比月亮大得多。
(四)、形容词最高级的用法:
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,
其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
She
is
student
her
class.
她是班上最好的学生。
Shanghai
is
one
of
cities
China.
上海是中国最大城市之一
This
is
apple
I
have
ever
met.
这是我见到的最大的苹果。
Tom
is
boy
in
his
basketball
team.汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。
练习题:
1.
This
box
is___
that
one.
A.
heavy
than
B.
so
heavy
than
C.
heavier
as
D.
as
heavy
as
2.
This
book
is____
that
one,
but____
than
that
one.
A.
as
difficult
as;
expensive
B.
as
more
difficult
as;
more
expensive
C.
as
difficult
as;
more
expensive
D.
more
difficult
as;
as
expensive
3.
I
think
the
story
is
not
so
___
as
that
one.
A.
interesting
B.
interested
C.
more
interesting
D.
most
interesting
4.
His
father
began
to
work____
he
was
seven
years
old.
A.
as
old
as
B.
as
early
as
C.
since
D.
while
5.
I
think
science
is
_
than
Japanese.
A.
much
important
B.
important
C.
much
more
important
D.
more
much
important6.
This
pencil
is___
than
that
one.
A.
longest
B.
long
C.
longer
D.
as
long
7.
My
mother
is
no
___
young.
A.
shorter
B.
longer
C.
little
D.
few
8.These
children
are
____
this
year
th
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