成人学位年英语复习资料

一、时态和语态1.如何解答时态问题例1You’vealreadymissedtoomanyclassesthisterm.You______justlastweek.A.missedB.wouldmissC.hadmissedD.havemissed例2AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft考试重点2.与完成时有关的时态★现在完成时(havedone)since,for/inthepastfewmonths,uptonow例1Collectingtoycarsasahobbybecomesincreasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.ABCD例2English______inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.A.hasbeentaughtB.wasbeingtaughtC.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught.★过去完成时(haddone)例3AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft例4Thechemistryclass_____forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere.A.hadbeenonB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.wouldbegan★将来完成时(willhavedone)by例5We’relateIexpectthefilm_____bythetimewegettothecinema.A.hadalreadystartedB.havealreadyC.willalreadyhavestartedD.havealreadybeenstarted.★现在完成进行时(havebeendoing)例6Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking★过去完成进行时(hadbeendoing)★将来完成进行时(willhavebeendoing)例7Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,_______fortwohours.A.IwillstudyB.IwillhavebeenstudiedC.IhadstudiedD.Iwillhavebeenstudying.3.在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时例1Whenthemixture_____,itwillgiveoffapowerfulforce.A.willheatB.willbeheatedC.isheatedD.hasheated例2pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou______.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时例3Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe_______militaryservice.A.willfinishB.hasfinishedC.finishD.wouldfinish注意例4Noonecanbesureifthecarondisplayfitshimorheruntilheorshe______them.A.triesB.willtryC.aretryingD.havetried4.考试小窍门◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项要重点加以研读一般说来是正确答案。二、情态动词1.几个情态动词的否定式的含义can’tmaynotmustn’tneed’t2.表示推测的几个情态动词用法★must表示肯定的推测意思是“一定”+do对现在情况的推测must+havedone对过去情况的推测例1I________asleepinthecorner,forIremembernothingofwhathappenedduringthenightA.mightfallB.mustfallC.musthavefallenD.canhavefallen★can’t/could’t表示否定的推测意思是“不可能”+do对现在情况的推测can’t/couldn’t例Butforyourhelp,I_____theworkintime.A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishA.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished例Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe例Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwisehe_____tothemeeting.A.wouldhavecomeB.wouldcomeC.couldcomeD.hadcome例Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney,butwehalfwayA.gaveupB.hadgivenupC.wouldgiveupD.weretogiveup?错综时间条件句例IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.2.(should)+动词原形在某些从句中的应用(1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等动词时,如:例Isuggestedthatweshouldgothereonfoot.注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:例Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney(2)Itisordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等后的主语从句中例Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadytonight(3)advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:例Mysuggestionisthatweshouldholdameetingthisevening3.wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气4.ifonly引导的感叹句中5.asif/asthough引导的状语从句中6.wouldrather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式7.itis(high)timethat„.句型中,从句的谓语动词用过去式四、非谓语动词1.不定式?不定式的逻辑主语例Theroadiswildenoughforcarstopassby.例Itisimportantforyoutoworkhard.例Itiskindofyoutohelpme.?不定式的时态和语态例Themagnificentmuseumissaid_____aboutahundredyearsago.A.tobebuiltB.tohavebeenbuiltC.tohavebuiltD.tohavebeingbuilt?使用不带to的不定式1)whynotdo表示委婉的建议例Whynot_____ProfessorLiforhelp?Heiskind-heartedandwillingtohelp.A.askB.youaskC.toaskD.yourasking2)使役动词have,make,let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时用省to的不定式。例Theteacherhasthestudents_____acompositioneveryotherweek.A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.write例Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg_____A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking例Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself_____A.hearingB.beingtoldC.tohearD.heard3)表示生理感觉的动词如see,watch,notice,observe,hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时用省to的不定式。例Withtearsonherface,theoldladywatchedthelittleboy_____toahospital.A.sendB.tobesentC.beingsentD.sending4)dosomethingbut/exceptdo例Thereisnothingwecando_____wait.A.butB.ratherthanC.inspiteofC.besides.5)记住下列不带to的短语can’tbutcan’thelpbuthadbetter2.动名词1.有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式但意思有差异rememberforgetregretstopgoonmean2.后面跟动名词的固定句式havetrouble/problems/difficultdoingsomethingfeellikespend/waste„doingsomethingcan’thelpneed/deserve/wantbeworthwhatabout/howabout3.分词分词作表语独立主格结构例1Duringthediscussion,MrBoydremainedsilentwhenaskinghisopinion.ABCD例2Yourexperimentreportsmustbecheckedwithcarebefore_______A.handedtheminB.themhandinginC.beinghandedinD.handingthemin例_______intheairfuelsgiveoffheat.A.TburnB.BurnedC.TbeburnedD.Beingburned五、状语从句赵文通考试重点1时间状语从句★while/when/as/until★一„就„nosooner„than/hardly„when/scarcely„when★themomenttheminutetheinstant★固定句型Itis/hasbeen„.since„1.原因状语从句nowthatinthat2.条件状语从句unlessaslongasprovidedthat3.让步状语从句asthoughalthoughevenifeventhoughwhilewhatever六、平行结构and,or,butPrefer引出的平行结构PrefersomethingtosomethingPreferdoingsomethingtodoingsomethingPrefertodosomethingratherthandosomethingPrefer的特殊用法Prefersomebodytodosomethinge.g:IpreferyoutospeakEnglishintheclass.1、anumberof,thenumberofanumberof+可数名词谓语用复数意为许多大量的„„thenumberof+可数名词谓语用单数意为„„的数目2、able,capable,competentable为常用词指具有做某事所需的力量技巧知识与时间等搭配是beabletodos.th。如Acatisabletoseeinthedark.猫在黑暗中能看见东西。capable指满足一般要求的能力搭配是becapableof+doing。competent指“胜任”“合格”或受过专业技术等训练的但不是超群的能力。如Adoctorshouldbecompetenttotreatmanydiseases.医生应该能治多种病。3、aboveallafterallatall;inallaboveall意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”常位于句首或句中作插入语起强调作用。如ButabovealltellmequicklywhatIhavetodo可首先快些告诉我该做什么。afterall意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如Afterallyourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway毕竟两周后就是你的生日。Heisafterallasmallchild他毕竟还是个小孩子。Hefailedafterall他终于失败了。atall用于否定句时意为“丝毫根本”用于疑问句时意为“究竟到底”用于条件句时常译为“当真实在”。用于肯定句中表示说话人的某种情绪或情感如怀疑或惊奇等意为“竟然”等。如Hedoesn’tlikeyouatall他根本不喜欢你。Areyougoingtodoitatall你究竟做不做这件事Ifyoudoitatalldoitwell若你真要做这件事就得做好。Iwassurprisedathiscomingatall他竟然来了我很惊讶。inall意为“总共”既可放在句首也可放在句末。如Thereare25,000Inuitinall(Inall,thereare25,000Inuit)这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。4、aboard,abroad,board,broadaboard在船或飞机车上。如Ineverwentaboardaship.abroad副词在国外或海外。如Heoftengoesabroad.board为动词上船飞机车。如Thepassengersareboardingtheplanenow.broad为形容词宽广的。如Hehasverybroadshoulders.5、accept,receiveaccept接受receive“接到”“收到”。如Ireceivedaninvitationyesterday,butIdidn’tacceptit.昨天我收到了一个请柬但并没有接受邀请。6、accident,incident,eventaccident事故。如atrafficaccident交通事故incident“附带事件”在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件事变。event“事件”指特别重要的事件通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果也指国家和社会的事件。7-accurate,correct,exact,preciseaccurate准确的精确的。如Clocksinrailwaystationsshouldbeaccurate.火车站的钟应该是准确的。correct“正确的”指符合一定的标准或准则含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect,wrong.exact“精确的”“恰好的”比“大体上正确”更进一步表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调“精确”“精密”。8、accuse,charge,sueaccuse指责指控常与of搭配。如Hisbossaccusedhimofcarelessness.charge常与with搭配。如Thepolicechargedthedriverwithrecklessdriving.sue常与for搭配。如Smithsuedhisneighborfordamaginghishouse9、acquire,require,inquireacquire取得获得学到。如acquireknowledge获得知识inquire打听询问。如inquireaperson’sname问一个人的姓名require需要。如Werequiremorehelp.我们需要更多的帮助。10、adopt,adaptadopt收养。如Sincetheyhavenochildrenoftheirown,theydecidedtoadoptalittlegirl.他们自己没有孩子所以决定收养一个小女孩。采纳采用通过。如Headoptedou