河南省郑州市2021届高三阶段性考试(三)英语试题(解析版)

2020～2021年度河南省高三阶段性考试（三）英语考生注意：1.本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。第一部分听力做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.HowmanypeoplearethereinBob’sfamily?A.Five.B.FourC.Three.2.What’stheman?A.Ateacher.B.Amusician.C.Asalesman.3.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Gotothelibrarytogether.B.Takeanexamseparately.CReturnabooktogether.4.WhichisthebestseasontovisittheFragrantHills?A.Summer.B.Winter.C.Fall.5.Wherearethespeakerstalkingnow?A.Onthephone.B.Attheairport.C.Intheflight.第二节听下面5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasworkedthewholemorning.B.Hehasplantedflowersinthegarden.C.Hehasmadenoodlesforhismother.7.Whatdoesthemanwanttoeat?A.Beef.B.Noodles.C.Tomatoes.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Brotherandsister.C.Motherandson.9.Whoisintheyard?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Theman’sgrandparents.听第8段材料回答第10至12题。10.Whatthewomandoing?A.Lookingforasuitablejob.B.Interviewingtheman.C.Talkingwiththemanaboutherjob.11.Whatwastheman’spreviousjob?A.Amarketresearcher.B.Asalesmanager.C.Asalesman.12.Whatwillthemandonextweek?A.Workasamanager.B.GotoChinaforbusiness.C.Starthisjobinthenewcompany.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakersnow?A.Inaschool.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.14.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Eatingsomethinghisroom.B.Packinghisluggage.C.Receivingthewomancustomer.15.Whenisthemangoingtocheckout?A.Aboutaquartertotwelve.B.Abouthalfpasteleven.C.Beforehavinglunch.16.Whatdoesthemanfeelabouthisstay?A.Disappointed.B.Satisfied.C.Bored.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howlongwillsunburnbeusuallyrecovered?A.Abouthalfamonth.B.Withinsevendays.C.Atleastsevendays.18.Howcanyoutreatyourslightsunburn?A.Bydrinkingsomeboiledwater.B.Byhavingwarmbath.CBytakingsomefoodswithVitaminE.19.Whatmightsunburnleadto?A.Skincancer.B.Gettingoldslowly.C.Turningblack.20.Whenmightyougetsunburntmoreeasily?A.At10am,June.B.At4pm,July.C.At3pm,August.第二部分阅读理解第一节阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASongkranDuration:fromApril12to15,2020inPhuket(Thedatesvarydependingontheregions).Location:SongkranistheThaiNewYear.Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff,andmostThaipeoplewillbegoingbackhometocelebrateSongkranwiththeirfamilies.Justexpectalotoftrafficjamsontheroadaseveryoneisoutonpick-uptrucks,throwingwaterateachother.Details:StaringintheearlymorningonApril13th,thewaterceremonywilltakemanyforms.Initially,youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(洒)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.It’sgoodluck.ThenyousprinkleastatueofBuddhaveryrespectfullyanddoalittlepray.Laterinthemorning,thegamestartstochange.Becausethisisthehottesttimeoftheyear,sprinklingeachotherwithwaterisalotoffun.AddalittlebeertothatandSongkranturnsintoacountry-widewaterwar.ItstartsrathergentlyinPhuketTownaround10am,turningtowaterdogfights(混战)intheafternooninPatong,KataandKaron,andendsfull-scalewetwarzoneinBanglaRoaduntillateatnight.SurvivalTips:★Don’tdriveabikeifyoucanavoidit.It’sslipperyandthetendencytocloseeyeswhenwateristhrownatyouisdangerous.★Getawaterproofcamera★Beawareofmajortrafficjamsintowns,mostlyinPatongBeach.★Don’tcarryanythingthatdoesn’tresistwater.★Don’twearexpensiveclothing.★Beawareofthesun!★Havefun!Don’ttakeittooseriously,it’sgood.1.WhydotrafficjamshappenduringSognkran?A.Theroadisslippery.B.Theentirecountrygetsalotofdaysoff.C.Thepeoplearethrowingwaterateachother.D.Everyoneissprinklinghisfamilyontheroad.2.What’sthefirststeptocelebrateSongkran?A.Doingalittlepray. B.SprinklingastatueofBuddha.C.Sprinklingfamilywithalittlewater. D.Sprinklingeachotherwithmuchbeer.3.WhichofthefollowingisrecommendedduringSongkran?A.Carryinganumbrella. B.Wearingcheapclothes.C.Bringingsomecash. D.Ridingabicycle【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了泰国的泼水节和参加泼水节的一些注意事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Justexpectalotoftrafficjamsontheroadaseveryoneisoutonpick-uptrucks,throwingwaterateachother.”可知，因为每个人都在外面的皮卡车上相互泼水，所以道路上交通堵塞严重。由此可出，在泼水节期间发生交通堵塞是因为人们在相互泼水。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Initially,youareonlysupposedtosprinkle(洒)yourfamilywithatinycupofwaterathome.”可知，一开始你应该向你的家人洒一小杯水。由此可出，庆祝泼水节的第一步是给家人洒点水。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SurvivalTips部分句子“Don’twearexpensiveclothing.”可知，不要穿贵的衣服。由此可知，在泼水节期间，推荐穿便宜点儿的衣服。故选B项。BFourdaysoffun,sunandcelebrities,aswellasnetworking,careerworkshopsandmentoring(指导),wereinstorefortwoLongIslandteenschosentotakepartinthe12thannualDisneyDreamersAcademy(DDA)atWaltDisneyWorldResortinOrlando,Florida.Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGroveandKaiyaSimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdomparadeandmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMilesBrown.BorninCharleston,SouthCarolina,KaiyaSimmons,14,movedtoMillerPlaceattheageof3.AninthgraderatMissPorterSchoolinFarmington,Connecticut,Kaiyasayssheenjoysacting,artandscienceandiscurrentlystudyingenvironmentalscience.“Itisfunlearningabouttheenvironmentanddifferentwaystohelpprotectit,”Kaiyasays,adding,“Iamalsolearningdifferenttechniquestoimprovemyactingonstageandinfilm.”Afterhighschool,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareerasadoctor.TiannaGonzales,a10thgraderatSachemNorthHighSchool,isinterestedinpsychologyandmusicandplayssaxophone(aninstrument)fortheschool’smarchingband,orchestraandband.Otherschoolactivitiesincludetrack,ModelUnitedNations,foreignlanguageandartclubhonorsocieties.“OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareerinthefilmworld,hopefullyattendingNewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,”shesays.“Throughstorytelling,wecanshapethiscenturytobeanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.”TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeopleduringacriticaltimeoftheirdevelopment,“Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspirethemtoachievetheirfullpurpose—tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,”saysTraceyD.Powell,vicepresidentofWaltDisneyWorldResort.4.WhatcanweknowaboutthetwoLongIslandteens?A.Theyexperiencedfourdaysoffuninastore.BTheycommunicatedcloselywithtwocelebrities.C.Theytookpartinacostumedesigncompetition.D.They’rerecognizedascelebritiesbythe12thannualDDA.5.WhatisKaiya’sdreamaftergraduating?A.Tobecomeamovieactress. B.Tostudyenvironmentalsciencefurther.C.Totakeupaprofessionasadoctor. D.ToreturntoherhometownMillerPlace.6.WhatcanbestdescribeTianna?A.Creativeandserious. B.Ambitiousandresponsible.C.Straightforwardbutfriendly. D.Determinedbutconservative.7.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.TointroducetheaimoftheDDA.B.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.ToencouragemoreteenstotakepartintheDDA.D.ToprovideinformationabouttheparticipantsoftheDDA.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了来自格罗夫湖的TiannaGonzales和来自米勒广场的KaiyaSimmons被选中参加迪士尼梦想家学院活动的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Chosenfromthousandsofapplicants,TiannaGonzalesofLakeGroveandKaiyaSimmonsofMillerPlacewerepartofagroupof100youngpeoplewhomarchedintheMagicKingdomparadeandmadeconversationwithAcademyAward-winningcostumedesignerRuthCarterandactorMilesBrown.”（来自LakeGrove的TiannaGonzales和MillerPlace的KaiyaSimmons从数千名申请者中脱颖而出，他们是100名年轻人的一员，参加了魔法王国游行，并与奥斯卡获奖服装设计师RuthCarter和演员MilesBrown进行了交谈）可知，这两个青少年与两位名人——服装设计师RuthCarter和演员MilesBrown进行亲密地交流。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Afterhighschool,KaiyahopestoattendYaleUniversityandundertakeacareerasadoctor.”可知，高中毕业后，Kaiya希望能进入耶鲁大学，成为一名医生，故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““OnceIgraduate,Iplantoundertakeacareerinthefilmworld,hopefullyattendingNewYorkUniversityorNewYorkFilmAcademy,”shesays.“Throughstorytelling,wecanshapethiscenturytobeanevenstrongerattractionforsocietalchange.””可知，她说：“毕业后，我计划进入电影界，希望能考上纽约大学或纽约电影学院。”“通过讲故事，我们可以让这个世纪对社会变革产生更大的吸引力”，由此可推断，Tianna是一位有志气且有责任心的人。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“TheDisneyDreamersAcademyisaimedathelpingtoinspireyoungpeopleduringacriticaltimeoftheirdevelopment,“Ourgoalistohelpthemseetheunlimitedpossibilitiesandtoinspirethemtoachievetheirfullpurpose—tobecometheheroesoftheirownstories,”saysTracey”可知，迪斯尼梦想家学院旨在在他们发展关键时期，帮助激发年轻人，“我们的目标是帮助他们看到无限的可能性和激励他们实现其全部的目标，成为自己故事的英雄”，特蕾西说，由此可知，本段的主要目的是介绍迪士尼的梦想家学院活动的目的。故选A。【点睛】

CTherebuiltNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)couldfeatureafuturisticglassdesign,solarpower,andanurbanfarmthatsupportsvulnerableandhomelessParisians,ifonearchitecturefirm’svisionisrealized.InApril,FrenchPrimeMinisterEdouardPhilippeannouncedaninternationalcompetitionforarchitectstoredesignthecathedral’s19thcenturyspire(尖顶),whichfelldownafterafiredestroyedthe850-year-oldGothiclandmark.ParisfirmVincentCallebautArchitectures(VCA)respondedtothecallwithaneco-friendlydesignthatsupportsthelocalpopulationandproducesmoreenergythanituses.TheVincentCallebaut(VC)projectistitled“Palingenesis”,aGreekconceptofrebirthorrecreation.Thefilmproposesanewroofmadeofgalss,oakandcarbonfiber,whichconnects“inonesinglecurvedstrokeofpencil”totheslopingspire.Theroosterwhichtoppedtheoriginalspire,regainedfronttheremainsafterthefire,willresumeitswatchfromthenewglassdesign,whilethecathedral’schoirwillbe“bathedinnaturallight”.Beneaththespire,theroofwillhostafruitandvegetablefarmrunbycharitiesandvolunteers,inordertoproducefreefoodforvulnerablelocalpeople.“Upto21tonsoffruitsandvegetablescouldbeharvestedanddirectlyredistributedforfreeeachyear,”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Tothatend,afarmers’marketwouldbeheldeveryweekontheforecourtofNotreDame.”Theroofandspirewillalsoproduceelectricity,heatandventilation(aircirculation)forthecathedral:an“organicactivelayer”withintheglasswillprovidesolarpower,whiletheroof’sdiamond-shaped“scales”willopentooffernaturalventilation—adesigninspiredbytermitemounds(白蚁丘).Thespirewillatasaspaceinwhichhotairaccumulatesinwinter.“Howcanwewritethecontemporaryhistoryofourcountry,butalsothatofscience,artandspiritualitytogether?”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Weseektopresentasupremeproject,asymbolofalivelyandecologicalfuture.”IftheVincentCallebautdesignisselected,thefirmsaid,therebornNotreDamewilldefine“thenewfaceoftheChurchinthe21stcentury”,presenting“afairersymbioticrelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.”8.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthedesignofNotreDamebyVCA?A.Itisfocusedonthethemeof“green”.B.Itgetsthemostlocalsupportthantheothers.C.ItcanrecoverNotreDame’soriginalappearance.D.Itisfromthemostfamousarchitectaroundtheworld.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“resumeitswatch”inparagraph2mean?A.Bemadeofhigh-techmaterials. B.Showpeopletherighttimeagain.C.Beremovedandplacedsomewhereelse. D.OverlookNotreDameagainatitsoriginalplace.10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Theinspirationofthedesign. B.Thefunctionoftheroofandthespire.C.AdetailedintroductionoftheVCAproject. D.ThesymbolofNotreDameforthelocalpeople.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.ThefutureofthenewNotreDamelooksblack.B.TheproposalfortheNotreDamehasbeenapproved.C.TheVCAisconfidentaboutwinningthecompetition.D.ThenewdesignofNotreDamewillbeamixofhistory,scienceandart.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.D【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了巴黎的一家名为VincentCallebaut的建筑公司对未来重建巴黎圣母院提出了自己的设计和构想。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“TherebuiltNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)couldfeatureafuturisticglassdesign,solarpower,andanurbanfarmthatsupportsvulnerableandhomelessParisians,ifonearchitecturefirm’svisionisrealized.”可知，重建后的巴黎圣母院将以未来主义的玻璃设计、太阳能和一个援助巴黎弱势群体和无家可归者的城市农场为特色。可知，太阳能和一个援助巴黎弱势群体和无家可归者的城市农场这些都具有绿色环保的特征，故VCA对巴黎圣母院的设计主题是“绿色环保”。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Theroosterwhichtoppedtheoriginalspire,regainedfrontheremainsafterthefire,will”以及后文“fromthenewglassdesign”可知，在火灾后从废墟中找到的原塔顶的公鸡，在新设计中依然从原位置重新俯瞰（圣母院）。故画线短语意思为“在原来的位置俯瞰圣母院”。故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Beneaththespire,theroofwillhostafruitandvegetablefarmrunbycharitiesandvolunteers,inordertoproducefreefoodforvulnerablelocalpeople.“Upto21tonsoffruitsandvegetablescouldbeharvestedanddirectlyredistributedforfreeeachyear,”thefirmsaidinapressrelease.“Tothatend,afarmers’marketwouldbeheldeveryweekontheforecourtofNotreDame.”Theroofandspirewillalsoproduceelectricity,heatandventilation(aircirculation)forthecathedral:an“organicactivelayer”withintheglasswillprovidesolarpower,whiletheroof’sdiamond-shaped“scales”willopentooffernaturalventilation—adesigninspiredbytermitemounds(白蚁丘).Thespirewillatasaspaceinwhichhotairaccumulatesinwinter.”可知在塔尖下，屋顶上将有一个由慈善机构和志愿者运营的水果和蔬菜农场，为当地弱势群体提供免费食物。该公司在一份新闻稿中表示：“每年最多可收获21吨水果和蔬菜，并直接免费再分配。”为此，每周都会在圣母院的前院组织一场农贸市场。屋顶和尖顶也将为教堂产生电力、热量和通风，玻璃内的“有机活动层”将提供太阳能，而屋顶的钻石形“鳞片”将打开提供自然通风——这一设计灵感来自白蚁丘。这个尖塔在冬天会成为热空气聚集的地方。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了VincentCallebaut对屋顶和尖顶的功能设计。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Howcanwewritethecontemporaryhistoryofourcountry,butalsothatofscience,artandspiritualitytogether?(我们如何既能书写我们国家的现代史，又能同时书写科学、艺术和精神的现代史？)”可推断，新的巴黎圣母院将会是历史、科技和艺术的融合体。故选D。DAnewstudypublishedthisweekinthejournalNatureCommunicationshasconcludedthata100percentchangetoorganic(有机的)foodproductioninEnglandandWaleswouldactuallyleadtoagreatincreaseingreenhousegasemissions(排放).Inturn,thiswouldcontributetofurtherclimatechange.Althoughorganicfarmingdirectlypoursoutfeweremissionsthanconventionalfarming—around20percentlowerforcropsand4percentforfarmanimals—itproducesnotablylessfood.Astothisstudy’sfindings,totalorganicagricultureinEnglandandWaleswouldproduce40percentlessfood.Withlessfoodinthemarket,thecountrieswouldneedtoincreasefoodimports,whichwouldproducemoreglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Organicfarmingalsoincreasestheamountofabsorbingcarbon,aprocesswherecarbondioxide(CO2)is“absorbed”outoftheatmosphereandcapturedbyplantsandstoredinthesoil.However,evenatotalchangetoorganicfarmingwouldonlybeequaltoatinypartofthehigheremissionsfromoverseaslanduse.“Wepredictadropintotalfoodproductionof40percentunderafullyorganicfarmingprocess,comparedtoconventionalfarming,ifwekeeptothesamenationaldiet,”DrAdrianWilliams,leadauthorandreaderinAgri-EnvironmentalSystemsatCranfieldUniversity,saidinastatement.“Thisresultsfromlowercropquantity,becauseoutputislimitedbyalowersupplyofnitrogen,whichismainlyfromothercropsorsolidwastefromcattleonthegrassland.”Nevertheless,itisimportanttonotethatorganicfarmingstillholdssomeusefulbenefitsfortheenvironment,suchasreducingexposuretochemicalsandimprovingthevarietiesofcreatures.Inconclusion,thestudysuggeststhatorganicfarmingwillcontinuetoplayakeyroleinresolvingtheworld’senvironmentalproblems.However,it’sjustonepartofamuchwidersolution.12.WhatwilltotalorganicagriculturebringtoEngland?A.Moremainfood. B.Morespeciescrop.C.Morefoodimports. D.Morefreshoxygen.13.Howdoesorganicfarmingincreasetheamountofabsorbingcarbon?A.BytakinginCO2. B.BychangingCO2.C.BygivingoffCO2. D.ByproducingCO2.14.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thewaystoreduceorganicfarming. B.Theresultscausedbyorganicfarming.C.Thesolutiontotheenvironmentproblems. D.Theadvantagesoforganicfarming.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Organicfarming,greenfood B.Organicfarming,ourhopeinfutureC.Organicfarming,amistakewemade D.Organicfarming,adouble-edgedsword【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了有机农业存在的弊端和优点。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Withlessfoodinthemarket,thecountrieswouldneedtoincreasefoodimports,whichwouldproducemoreglobalgreenhousegasemissions.由于市场上的粮食减少，这些国家将需要增加粮食进口，这将产生更多的全球温室气体排放。可知，有机农业自身产量不足，那就需要增加食品进口量。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句However,evenatotalchangetoorganicfarmingwouldonlybeequaltoatinypartofthehigheremissionsfromoverseaslanduse.然而，即使完全转向有机农业，也只相当于海外土地使用带来的更高排放的一小部分。可知，有机农业也增加了对碳的吸收，在这个过程中，二氧化碳从大气中被“吸收”进来，被植物捕获并存在土壤中。故选A。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Nevertheless,itisimportanttonotethatorganicfarmingstillholdssomeusefulbenefitsfortheenvironment,suchasreducingexposuretochemicalsandimprovingthevarietiesofcreatures.然而，必须指出的是，有机农业仍然对环境有一些有益的好处，例如减少接触化学品和改善生物的种类。可知，该段讲述的是有机农业仍然对环境有一些好处。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章介绍了有机农业有一些弊端，但目前它还有很多优点。它对环境有好处也有一定危害，所以它是一把双刃剑。故选D。【点睛】标题猜测题。主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中D选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选D项。第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inanancientfolktale,agiantrockblockstheentrancetoacarefilledwithtreasure.Adoorappearsonlyforthosewhospeakasecretphrasealoud:“Open,sesame(芝麻)!”____16____Passwordshavechangedeversince.Nowtheysafeguarddigitaltreasures,suchaspictures,messages,anddocuments.Butthereasonwhythephrasesexistisstillthesame:tokeepthewrongpeopleout.____17____Andwhentheycanfigureoutaperson’spassword,theycanaccessprivateinformation.Thisallowsthemtoplaypracticaljokes,suchaspostingthatinformationonline.____18____Therearepasswordstoavoidifyouwanttobesafeonline.Themostpopularlyusedpasswordis123456.Thisisthefirstguesshackerswillmake.Theywillthentrytousepublicinformationaboutapotentialtarget.____19____Hackerstypethisinformationintocomputerprogramsthatcanguessthetarget’spasswords.Oneofthebestwayskidscankeeptheirinformationsecureisbythinkingupstrongpasswords.Sohowcanyouinventapasswordthat’seasyforyoutorememberbuthardforsomeoneelsetoguess?____20____Forexample,alyricfromyourfavoritesong,orthetitleofabookormovie.It’sbestifthephraseisrelevanttoyourlifebecauseyou’llbelesslikelytoforgetit.Thentakethefirstletterorfirstcoupleoflettersfromeachwordinthatphrase,andbeginswitchingthoseletterstosymbolsornumbers.Usebothuppercaseandlowercase(大写和小写)letterstomakethepasswordeventrickiertocrack(破解).A.Youcanthinkofafunphrase.B.Thisisanearlyexampleofapassword.C.Thismayincludeadateofbirthorapet’sname.D.Youwillbenefitfrommakingyourpasswordsstronger.E.Nowonderyourinformationwasstolenacoupleoftimes.F.Inthedigitalworld,these“wrongpeople”arecalledhackers.G.Evenworse,thehackersmightusetheinformationtocommitcrimes.【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.C20.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了密码的变化以及怎样设置安全的密码。【16题详解】根据上文“Adoorappearsonlyforthosewhospeakasecretphrasealoud:“Open,sesame(芝麻)!””可知，房门只为那些大声说密码的人开设。而B项“这是密码的早期例子”，是对上一句的总结概括。Open,sesame(芝麻)!对应earlyexample。故选B项。【17题详解】根据上文Butthereasonwhythephrasesexistisstillthesame:tokeepthewrongpeopleout.可知密码存在的理由还是一样的，即不让错误的人进入。而F项“在数字的世界里，错误的人被称为黑客”，承接上文内容。thewrongpeople是关键词。故选F项。【18题详解】根据上文Thisallowsthemtoplaypracticaljokes,suchaspostingthatinformationonline.可知，这样让他们可以玩一些恶作剧，如网上发布信息。而G项“黑客可能会利用这些信息进行犯罪活动”，承接上文内容。informationonline对应usetheinformation。故选G项。【19题详解】根据Themostpopularlyusedpasswordis123456.Thisisthefirstguesshackerswillmake.Theywillthentrytousepublicinformationaboutapotentialtarget.可知，黑客们第一次会试用密码123456，然后尝试用潜在目标的公共信息进行解密。而C项“这可能包括生日或宠物的名字”，承接上文，是对上文的进一步解释。adateofbirthorapet’sname对应上文中的publicinformation。故选C项。【20题详解】根据Sohowcanyouinventapasswordthat’seasyforyoutorememberbuthardforsomeoneelsetoguess?可知，想出一个你很容易记住的密码，但是别人难猜的密码。而A项“你可以选一个有趣的短语”，承接上文，是对上文的解释说明且承接下文。下文中的alyricfromyourfavoritesong,orthetitleofabookormovie.是对上文afunphrase的具体解释。故选A项。第三部分语言知识运用第一节完型填空阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。RecentlywetookatriptotheSouthofFrance.Asmyparentsareboth____21____,theydecidedtotakemealongontheirartistresidencyprogram,____22____inthecharmingcityofArlesintheProvenceregion,whichisfamousasthetownwhereVincentvanGogh____23____someofhismostfamousworks.We____24____fromSwitzerlandonaFrenchtrain.Itranwellandwas____25____,andweeasilyfoundtaxis____26____outsidetheArlestrainstation.OurapartmentwaslocatedonRuedelaCalade,a____27____streetinthecenterofthecity.Itwas____28____—withstonefloors,well-keptrooms,andfriendlyneighbors.OurfirstdayinArleswas____29____walkingaroundandjustgettingafeelofthearea.Wehad____30____ourapartmentforthreeweeks!Thefirstday’s____31____wetookoutsideofArleswastoSt.Rémy,wherevanGoghonce____32____inamentalhospitalwhilestillpaintingsomeofhismostbeloved____33____.Todayyoucanvisitalltheplacesthathepaintedatalthoughtheyaren’tascompletely____34____astheyusedtobe.St.Rémyisabeautifullittletown,though—lotsofplacesto____35____.MyfamilyandItookadaytourtotheCamargue,anearbynature____36____,whichisFrance’swildwest,ourlastweekinArles.Wegotthe____37____wehadbookedthroughtheArlestouristoffice,whichcansometimesbe____38____.Thetourwas,althoughalittlelong,beautifulineveryway.IfintheSouthofFrance,I____39____recommendvisitingtheCamargue.Sooverall,ArlesandtheSouthofFranceisexcellent.____40____stoppingforsomedays!21.A.teachers B.artists C.officers D.doctors22.A.stayed B.stood C.located D.collapsed23.A.invented B.cited C.discovered D.painted24.A.arrived B.emerged C.parted D.escaped25.A.inturn B.invain C.onschedule D.onbusiness26.A.striking B.running C.passing D.waiting27.A.busy B.corporate C.modern D.remote28.A.awesome B.delightful C.peaceful D.ordinary29.A.spent B.wasted C.comfortable D.worth30.A.bought B.cleaned C.built D.booked31.A.bonus B.plan C.trip D.distance32.A.volunteered B.lived C.served D.died33.A.domains B.jewels C.treasures D.works34.A.unattractive B.unchanged C.unsure D.unpopular35.A.decorate B.dominate C.visit D.avoid36.A.preserve B.habitat C.base D.farmland37.A.awards B.tickets C.contracts D.envelopes38.A.helpful B.humble C.beneficial D.domestic39.A.quickly B.simply C.nervously D.highly40.A.Mean B.Like C.Try D.Hate【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.A30.D31.C32.B33.D34.B35.C36.A37.B38.A39.D40.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者与父母一起去法国旅游的情况。他们拜访了梵高曾经创作著名作品之地，游览了迷人的阿尔勒以及法国南部的自然保护区。文章描述了自然风光之美以及作者依依不舍的情感。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我的父母都是艺术家，他们决定带我去他们的艺术家驻地项目，这个项目位于普罗旺斯地区迷人的阿尔勒市，那里因为文森特·梵高曾创作过的一些著名作品而闻名。A.teachers教师；B.artists艺术家；C.officers军官；D.doctors医生。根据下文“theydecidedtotakemealongontheirartistresidencyprogram”可知，父母决定带作者去参加他们的艺术家驻地项目，由此推知作者的父母是艺术家。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我的父母都是艺术家，他们决定带我去他们的艺术家驻地项目，这个项目位于普罗旺斯地区迷人的阿尔勒市，那里因为文森特·梵高曾创作过的一些著名作品而闻名。A.stayed停留；B.stood站立；C.located位于；D.collapsed垮塌。设空处后为“inthecharmingcityofArlesintheProvenceregion”，可知此处表示的是地点，locatedin：位于……，符合语境。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我的父母都是艺术家，他们决定带我去他们的艺术家驻地项目，这个项目位于普罗旺斯地区迷人的阿尔勒市，那里因为文森特·梵高曾创作过的一些著名作品而闻名。A.invented创造；B.cited引用；C.discovered发现；D.painted画画。梵高是画家，他在这个城镇创作绘画作品，使它变得出名。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们乘法国火车从瑞士抵达阿尔勒市。A.arrived到达；B.emerged出现；C.parted分离；D.escaped逃跑。由文章后句“weeasilyfoundtaxis…outsidetheArlestrainstation”可知，作者他们到达了阿尔勒火车站，这说明作者他们从瑞士乘坐去法国南部的火车到达的那里。故选A项。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：它运行良好准时，而且我们很容易在阿尔勒火车站外找到正在等待的出租车。A.inturn反过来；B.invain徒劳；C.onschedule准时；D.onbusiness出差。根据“Itranwell”可知，火车运行良好，由此推知它是准时到达的。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它运行良好准时，而且我们很容易在阿尔勒火车站外找到正在等待的出租车。A.striking打击；B.running跑步；C.passing经过；D.waiting等候。由常识可知，火车站外会有很多等待乘客的出租车。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的公寓位于RuedelaCalade，它是市中心一条繁忙的街道。A.busy繁忙的；B.corporate全体的，共同的；C.modern现代的；D.remote遥远的。根据常识可知，市中心的街道应该是繁忙的。故选A项。28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它非常令人愉快，这里铺着石头地板，拥有整洁的房间，邻居们也很友好。A.awesome令人惊叹的，使人惊惧的；B.delightful令人高兴的；C.peaceful和平的；D.ordinary普通的。根据下文的“withstonefloors,well-keptrooms,andfriendlyneighbors.”可知，这里方方面面的环境都很好，所以非常令人高兴和愉快。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在阿尔勒的第一天是四处走动一下，来对该地区有所了解。A.spent度过；B.wasted浪费；C.comfortable舒适的；D.worth有价值的。此处表示作者一行的第一天是在四周走走，感受当地的闲逛中度过的，spendtimedoing：花费时间做某事。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们预定了三个星期的公寓。A.bought买；B.cleaned清扫；C.built建造；D.booked预定。由常识可知，旅行之前要订好住宿的地方，本句的时态为过去完成时，即在阿尔勒的这套公寓是作者一家早就预订好的。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：离开阿尔勒的第一天我们去了圣雷米，梵高曾经住在那里的一家精神病院，那时他还在画他最喜爱的一些作品。A.bonus津贴；B.plan计划；C.trip旅行；D.distance距离。由文章首段“RecentlywetookatriptotheSouthofFrance.”可知，作者一家是去旅行，因此选择trip，表示第一天的“旅程”。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：离开阿尔勒的第一天我们去了圣雷米，梵高曾经住在那里的一家精神病院，那时他还在画他最喜爱的一些作品。A.volunteered志愿做；B.lived生活；C.served服务；D.died死亡。根据“inamentalhospital”可知，梵高因为生病，需要住在医院里。故选B项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：离开阿尔勒的第一天我们去了圣雷米，梵高曾经住在那里的一家精神病院，那时他还在画他最喜爱的一些作品。A.domains范围，领地；B.jewels珠宝；C.treasures财富；D.works作品。由上文的“stillpainting”可知，此处是指梵高当时正在画他的作品。故选D项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，你可以参观他画画时所在的地方，尽管它们并没有像以前那样完全不变。A.unattractive无趣的，令人反感的；B.unchanged不变的；C.unsure不确定的；D.unpopular不流行的。该句子表示梵高画画的地方随着时间的推移也发生了一点变化，不会一模一样了。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，圣雷米是一个美丽的小镇，有很多值得参观的地方。A.decorate装饰；B.dominate支配；C.visit参观；D.avoid避免。由though表示转折关系可知，St.Remy虽然小，但有很多值得参观的地方。故选C项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和我的家人进行了一日游，参观了附近的自然保护区Camargue，这是法国的狂野西部，这是我们上周在阿尔勒的行程。A.preserve保护区；B.habitat栖息地；C.base基地；D.farmland农场。根据后文“wildwest”可知，Camargue是法国的西部荒野地区，即Camargue是自然保护区，合乎语境。故选A项。【37题详解】考查名