2023年广东省高考英语模拟试卷

广东省高考英语模拟试卷（4月份）一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AWildlifeCrossingBridgesTheWildlifeBridge

In，Utahbuiltawildlifebridgeoverthebusyhighway1-80.A4.8-kilometerfencewascreatedtohelpguideanimalstothebridge.Normally,animalstakealongtimetodiscoverandbeginusingwildlifebridges,soexpertsdidn'texpectthebridgetogetmuchtrafficforseveralyears.Butrecently,they'vediscoveredmanydifferentkindsofanimalsarebeginningtomovebyusingthebridge.

TheRopeBridge

OnChina'sHainanIslandin，scientistscreatedabridgeforHainangibbons（长臂猿）thataretheworld'smostendangeredprimatesandnormallycrosstheforestbyswinginghighinthetrees.Butafteratyphoon,landslidescausedhugegapsintheforest,whichwereforcingthegibbonstomakedangerousjumps.Scientistscreatedasimpleandcheapropebridge,whichsettledtheproblem.

TheEco-Bridge

InUttarakhandstateinIndia,theforestdepartmenthasbuiltaspecial"eco-bridge"，madefromall-naturalmaterials.It's27.5meterslongandrunsoveroneofthebusiesthighwaysinthearea.Thoughthebridgeishighinthetrees,forestdepartmentworkershopethebridgewillhelpsmalleranimalsontheground,too.Already,thebridgehasgottenalotofattentionontheInternet,withmanypeopletakingphotosinfrontofiteveryday.

TheParkBridge

ThePhilHardbergerParkliesinSanAntonio,Texas,andrecentlyithasopenedwhattheysayisthelargestwildlifebridgeintheUS.Thisbridge,unliketheothersmentionedhere,wasbuiltforusebybothanimalsandhumans.Theparksaystheyhavealreadyseendeerusingthebridge.WhathasmadeexpertsfeelunexpectedabouttheWildlifeBridge？______A.It'sbeencompletedwithin2years.

B.It'sbeingusedbyanimalsalready.

C.It'sbecomeanInternet-famoussite.

D.It'sAmerica'sbiggestwildlifebridge.Whichbridgesrunoverhighways？______A.TheWildlifeBridgeandtheEco-Bridge.

B.TheWildlifeBridgeandtheRopeBridge.

C.TheEco-BridgeandtheParkBridge.

D.TheRopeBridgeandtheParkBridge.Whatisthecommonpurposeinbuildingthefourbridges？______A.Toattractmoretourists.

B.Toreducetrafficaccidents.

C.Tosaveendangeredanimals.

D.Tocreatewildlifepassageways.BLindaTuttHighSchoolopenedauniquegrocerystoreinthecityofSanger,whereinsteadofpayingforproductswithcash,theircommunitycanearnpointswhichtheythentradein.Howdotheygainpoints？Byperforminggooddeeds!Allstudents,staffmembersandfamiliesintheschooldistricthaveaccesstothedailygoodstheyneedtogetthroughCOVID-19一freeofcharge.

ThestoreissuppliedthroughapartnershipwithFirstRefugeMinistries,Albertsonsgrocerystore,andTexasHealthResources.Itisopenthreedaysaweek.TheyevenofferaCOVID-friendlycurbside（路边）pickuponTuesdaynights!Itismeanttoprovidenecessarydailygoodsforfamiliesinneed.Familiesareautomaticallyawardedpointsbasedontheirfamilysize,butstudentscanhelpthefamiliesearnmorebyhelpingoutaroundtheschool,cleaning,orgettinggoodreferrals（推荐）fromtheirteachers.HeadmasterAnthonyLovecalledit"theingeniousmethod"，comparedwiththetraditionalapproachesusedtomakestudentshelpothers.

Thestoreisoperatedandmanagedentirelybythestudents.Notonlyaretheyencouragedtoshowotherskindness,buttheyalsohaveasenseofcontrolduringthisuncertaintime."Manyofthemcomefromlow-incomefamiliesthatneedjustalittleextrasupportwithfood,"Anthonyadded.

Sothestorehastheextraprofitofgivingitsstudentemployees'valuableexperience."Ithinkthisisthemostexcitingpartofit,whichtheycancarrywiththemastheygraduatefromhighschoolandmoveonintotheworld,"Anthonysaid.

Whatabrilliantwaytosupporttheircommunity!Betweenprovidingdailygoodsforfamilies,givingkidsexperienceconcerned,andmakingtheirschoolabetterplacethroughgooddeeds,traditionalbusinessescouldlearnathingortwofromthisapproach!Whatisspecialaboutthegrocerystore？______A.Itsownerisalocalschool.

B.Itisopenthreedaysaweek.

C.Studentsrentitfreeofcharge.

D.Gooddeedscanbeexchangedforitsgoods.WhydidLindaTuttHighSchoolopenthegrocerystore？______A.Tohelppeopleinneed. B.Togetsomeincomes.

C.Tokeeppeopleathome. D.Toofferstudentspaidjobs.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ingenious"inParagraph2mean？______A.Careful. B.Strict. C.Creative. D.Flexible.Whatistheaddedbenefitofthegrocerystore？______A.Itmakesmorefamiliesgetgoods.

B.Itprovidesstudentswithjobskills.

C.Itencouragesstudentstograduate.

D.Itsavesmoretraditionalbusinesses.CTheGermanshipPolarsternisnormallydesignedtobreakupheavyice.ButinSeptember,，theshipsetsailfromNorwaywiththegoalofgettingfrozenintotheArcticicecapforayear.Themission（任务）waspartofa＄155millionprojectknownasMOSAiC，ledbyGermany'sAlfredWegenerInstitute（AWI），whosegoalistolearnmoreabouttheicethatformsneartheNorthPole.Theicecaphereisn'tcompletelysolid,andit'sacollectionoffloes---floatingsheetsofice.Assummerapproaches,someoftheicemeltsandmanyfloesbreakfree.

ByOctober,，theshipwasfrozenintotheArcticicenorthofSiberia.Themissionwasn'twithoutitschallenges.Firstandmostimportantly,thePolarsternhadtofindanicefloethatisusedasitsprimaryresearchbase.Theicefloemustbesolidenoughtoanchortheshipandtosupportalltheresearchequipmentthescientistsneededtouse.However,doingitprovedeasiersaidthandone.Oncetheshipwasfrozeninplace,thescientistshadtowrestlewiththedangerouspolarbearsthatwerewanderingaround.Dealingwithextremecoldwasanotherchallenge.Theyalsohadtofacethelonganddarkpolarnight,aperiodduringwinterwhenthesundoesn'triseatallinthecentralArctic.InSeptember,，theboatfinallyreturnedtoBremerhaven,Germany.

"WearewatchingtheArcticseaicedie,"saidthemission'sleader,MarkusRex.Theteamreportsthattheiceshelfisfullofholes,andthattheicethatremainsisthinandmelting.Recentsatellitemeasurementssupportthatidea.Thesizeofthisyear'sicecapisthesecondsmallesteverrecorded.

Nextcomesthelongprocessofstudyingallthedatathatwascollectedduringthelastyear.ThomasKrumpen,oneofthescientists,said"We'lllikelybebusywithitoverthenexttenyears."

Thescientistshopethisabundantinformationwillhelpthemmakebetterpredictionsaboutclimatechange.WhatdoesMOSAiCtrytodointheArctic？______A.Protecttheicecap. B.Stoptheicemelting.

C.Studytheicedeeply. D.Breakupheavyice.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeforthescientistsonthePolarstern？______A.Findingtherightfloe. B.Fightingtheextremecold.

C.Avoidingpolarbears. D.Reducingtheloneliness.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesituationsoftheArcticice？______A.Carefree. B.Positive. C.Tolerant. D.Objective.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthejourneytotheArctic？______A.Expensive. B.Confidential. C.Fruitful. D.Casual.DWhenalivingthinggivesoffaglow（光），it'scalledbioluminescence.Firefliesareawell-knownexampleofbioluminescence.Manymushroomsarealsobio-luminescent.Firefliesandotherbio-luminescentcreatureslightupthankstochemicalsinsidetheirbodies.Thesechemicalsareknownasluciferins（荧光素），whichcauseachemicalreactionthatgivesofflight.

Plantsdon'tnaturallyhaveluciferins,sotherearenonaturallybio-luminescentplants.Inthepast,scientistscreatedglowingplantsbyaddingDNAfromglowingbacteria.Buttheglowingeffectwasweak.Theyalsocreatedglowingplantsbyaddingluciferinstoplants.In，ateamatMITwasabletocausewatercressplantstoglowforaboutfourhours.Now,researchersataRussiancompanycalledPlanta,workingwithscientistsfromtheUnitedKingdomandAustria,havecomeupwithanewmethodofcreatingglowingplantswhichlastaslongastheyarealive.Thescientistsfocusedonanacidthatisfoundinbothplantsandmushrooms.ByaddingcertainpartsoftheDNAfromglowingmushroomstoordinarytobaccoplants,thescientistsareabletocreateplantsthatcanmaketheirownluciferinsusingthisacid.Thescientistsreportthatthegreenishlightisabout10timesbrighterthaninearlierones,whichisstrongenoughtobeeasilyrecordedwithanordinarycamera,butdoesn'taffectthehealthoftheplants.

Glowingplantsreflectthewayplantswork.Thescientistspointoutthattheglowingisn'tconstant,butseemstochange,dependinguponwhatishappeninginsidetheplants.Youngerpartsoftheplantsglowmorestronglythanolderparts.Theflowersglowespeciallybrightly.They'venoticedmovingpatternsoflightintheplants,whichtheythinkmayshowactivityinplantsthatnormallycan'tbeseen.Theglowingalsohelpsuncoverhowplantsmaybeaffectedbythingsaroundthem.Forexample,theplantsglowmuchmorestronglywhenaripebananaskinisnearby.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphfocuson？______A.Whatbioluminescenceis. B.Whatluciferinsareusedfor.

C.Whychemicalreactionexists. D.Whysomelivingthingsglow.Howdotobaccoplantsproduceluciferins？______A.Byglowingconstantly. B.Byusinganinputchemical.

C.Bymakingglowingbacteria. D.Byabsorbingnaturallight.Whatdoestheauthorconveyaboutglowingplantsinthelastparagraph？______A.Theactivitiesoftheirlight.

B.Theirvaluetothescientists.

C.Theireffectsonotherplants.

D.Thespacesoftheirexistence.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.ScientistsCreateGlowingPlants

B.GlowingPlantsAttractScientists

C.PlantsGlowBetterandBetter

D.MakingPlantsGlowIsNecessary二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Listeningtomusicisrelativelyinexpensiveandeveryonecandoiteasily.Asisknowntoall,musichasmanybenefits.（1）______Meanwhile,youcanalsomakeuseofittocreatemorejoyinyourlife.Herearesomeways.

Letmusicsay"Goodmorning"toyou.（2）______Thismusiceasesyouintothedaylikeabeautifulsunrise,andstartsyououtinagoodmood.ThisiseasytoprogramifyouhaveaSmartphonethatallowsyoutochooseasongasyouralarm.Apositivemorningmusicceremonyisasurewaytostartyourdayoffinabettermood.（3）______

Singaloudwithmusicasoftenasyoucan.Ifyouwanttotakethepositiveeffectsoflisteningtomusictoanotherlevel,trysinging.Singingisoneofthebestwaystoregulatebreathingandpromoterelaxation.Singintheshower；singinthecar.（4）______Thisisnotaboutperformingbutaboutyourrelaxation.Ifyou'regoingtosing,pickingandsingingthesongsthatyouknowwillputyouinabettermood,inspireyou,orhelpyourelax.

（5）______Ifyouhaveadailyexerciseroutine,trytakingmusicalongwithyou.Amorningwalkorruncanbecomeeasierandmoreenjoyableifyouhavemusicasyourpersonalcoachandcompanion.Again,itisimportantforyoutochoosemusicthatworksforyouandthatyouknowwillhavetheeffectyouaretryingtoachieve.

A.Trywakingtoafamiliarpieceofmusic.

B.Makemovementswithmusiceveryday.

C.Spendingafewminutessingingaloudisnecessary.

D.Don'tworryifyouthinkthatyouaren'ta"good"singer.

E.Findsomebeautifulandinspiringmusicwhileyou'reworking.

F.Youcanusemusicinyourdailyroutinetohelpreducestressandanxiety.

G.Thiscanalsopreventyourminddraggingyoubackintotheworriesofyesterday.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）PaigeCalendineofZanesville,Ohio,maylookalittledifferentfromherteammates,butshe'sjustastalented一ifnotmoreso.Paigewasbornwithoutlegs,butshehas（1）______alot.

Herparents,SeanandHeidi,choseearlyonnottoplace（2）______onher.Whenshewas18monthsold,theyenrolled（报名）heringymnasticsclassestohelpher（3）______upperbodystrength!

"Becauseshewasbornwithoutlegs,shedoesn'tknowshe'sa（4）______，"Seanexplained."We（5）______rightawaythatwewouldnottreatherlikeadisabledchildormakethings（6）______forher.Wewantedhertolearnhowto（7）______therealworld."

Intheyearssince,Paigehas（8）______herselftobeagiftedathlete!Today,she'spartoftheXceLTeamatZanesvilleGymnastics.Notonlyhasher（9）______inspiredhercoachesandteammates,butit'salsoearnedher（10）______!InagymnasticscompetitionlastOctober,the8-year-oldtookfirstplace!（11）______，sheislookingforwardtotryingothersportsinthefuture,includingswimmingandarchery（箭术）！Shehasnever（12）______herabilitiesandhopestoencourageotherstoadoptthesame（13）______"Faceyourdisadvantagebravely,andyoucan（14）______anythingthathappensinyourlife,"shesaid.

Whataninspiration!Paigehas（15）______thatwedon'thavetoletanythinggetinthewayofdoingwhatwelove.

A.suffered B.achieved C.thought D.seen

A.attention B.limits C.association D.goals

A.build B.evaluate C.control D.discover

A.phenomenon B.shame C.burden D.disability

A.announced B.signaled C.decided D.advocated

A.accurate B.useful C.easy D.clear

A.adjustto B.careabout C.dependon D.cheerfor

A.considered B.proven C.believed D.encouraged

A.honor B.potential C.desire D.talent

A.medals B.skills

C.sympathy D.responsibility

A.Unexpectedly B.Randomly C.Unreasonably D.Differently

A.analyzed B.described C.doubted D.shared

A.hobby B.attitude C.luck D.concept

A.convey B.understand C.select D.overcome

A.concluded B.directed C.replied D.shown四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）Duringthe18thcentury,seasideholidaysbegan.However,atthattime,itwasonlyaluxury（奢侈）forthewealthiestpeople.Onlytheupperclass（1）______（visit）theseasideintheirfreetime.（2）______firstBritishseasidetownwasScarborough,（3）______becamepopularwhenastreamofacidicwaterwasfoundinthesouthofit.Itwasbelievedthatthewatercouldcontributeto（4）______（treat）smalldiseases.Brighton,inthesouthoftheUK，wasalsoanearlyseasidetown.Itwas（5）______（extreme）popularwiththewealthy.KingGeorgeIVespeciallyenjoyedvisitingit.In1815，hetransformedhishomeintoapalacebythesea.Partofhishomehasnowbeenturnedintoamuseum.

Greatchangesaboutseasideholidays（6）______（take）placeoverthelastfewdecades.Inthebeginning,onlytherichcouldenjoythem,butnowadays,theyare（7）______（access）toall.Inthe1840s,the（8）______（invent）oftherailwayallowedawiderrangeofpeopletovisitthebeach,asitwasacheaperwaytotravelthanbefore.Asaresult（9）______this,morehotelswerebuiltbesidethesea.Beachesbecamemorepopulartoo.Bathingmachinesweremadeavailableforpeopletoget（10）______（change）in.Itwasbeachetiquette（礼仪）tousethem,particularlyforwomen.五、书面体现（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter给你发邮件说他即将参与英国高考（A-level），但目前感到紧张，不知怎样办。请给他答复邮件，内容包括：

1.以详细事例安慰对方；

2.提出提议。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的对应位置作答。

DearPeter,

_______________________

Bestwishes!

Yours,

LiHua阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

LynnMarchessaultandhertwochildrenpackeduptheircarinGeorgiaandsettledinforafive-dayride.TheyweregoingtomeetupwithLynn'shusbandinAlaska,whereheisstationedasasoldier.

BecauseofCOVID-19regulations,theyhadtosticktoastrictfive-dayscheduletoreachtheirdestination.Unfortunately,oncetheyenteredCanada,thingsbegantotakeaturnfortheworse.Lynn'sphonedidn'thavesignalwithoutanInternetconnection,sotheyhadnoGPS.Nottomention,herwindshieldwipers（雨刮器）wouldn'twork,shewashavinganextremelydifficulttimedrivinginthesnow,whichshehadneverdonebefore,andshewasn'tallowedtostopanywhereforhelpbecauseofthetravelrestrictions.

Thankfully,awomannamedTeenanoticedhercryinginhercaratagasstation.UponhearingLynn'sstory,shedecidedtotakealookattheirtires.ShefoundthatLynnhadsummertires.That'swhyshewashavingsomuchtroubledrivinginthesnow.TeenahelpedLynngettoatireshop,wheretheownerhelpedherswapoutherwheelsforsomethatwerebettersuitedtothewinterweatherandchangedherwipers-eventhoughitwasSundayandthebusinesswasactuallyclosed.

Lynngotbackontheroad,onlytostopatahotelthatwasmeantonlyforoilfieldworkers.ButwhenAndy,thehotelmanager,sawthatLynnwasstruggling,hebenttherulestoletthemomandherkidsspendthenightsotheydidn'thavetogetbackontheroadincoldweather.

Unabletobeardrivinganotherthreedaysalone,LynndecidedtohireadrivertotakethemtherestofthewaytotheAlaskanborder,another1，000milesaway.ShereachedouttoTeenatoseeifshecouldhelpherfindsomeone.BetweenTeenaandthepowerofsocialmedia,theywereconnectedwithGaryBath,aCanadianRanger（护林员）whoofferedtohelpthemgettoAlaska!

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的对应位置作答。

Overthecourseoftheirthree-daydrive,_______

LynnandGaryhadgreatconversations.________

答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】D

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据TheWildlifeBridge  部分Normally,animalstakealongtimetodiscoverandbeginusingwildlifebridges,soexpertsdidn'texpectthebridgetogetmuchtrafficforseveralyears.Butrecently,they'vediscoveredmanydifferentkindsofanimalsarebeginningtomovebyusingthebridge.                                      （一般状况下，动物要花很长时间才能发现并开始使用野生动物的桥梁，因此专家们没想到这座桥在几年内会有诸多流量。但近来，他们发现许多不一样种类的动物开始运用这座桥移动。）可知，它被动物使用已经让专家们对这座野生动物桥感到意外。故选B.

（2）A.细节理解题。根据TheWildlifeBridge  部分A4.8-kilometerfencewascreatedtohelpguideanimalstothebridge.          （建造了一道4.8公里长的围栏，协助引导动物到桥上。）以及TheEco-Bridge 部分It's27.5meterslongandrunsoveroneofthebusiesthighwaysinthearea.            （它长27.5米，横跨该地区最繁忙的公路之一。）可知，野生动物桥和生态桥横跨高速公路。故选A.

（3）D.细节理解题。根据TheWildlifeBridge  部分A4.8-kilometerfencewascreatedtohelpguideanimalstothebridge.          （建造了一道4.8公里长的围栏，协助引导动物到桥上。）TheRopeBridge  部分Butafteratyphoon,landslidescausedhugegapsintheforest,whichwereforcingthegibbonstomakedangerousjumps.Scientistscreatedasimpleandcheapropebridge,whichsettledtheproblem.                          （不过在台风过后，山体滑坡在森林中导致了巨大的缺口，迫使长臂猿做出危险的跳跃。科学家们发明了一种简朴廉价的索桥，处理了这个问题。）TheEco-Bridge 部分Thoughthebridgeishighinthetrees,forestdepartmentworkershopethebridgewillhelpsmalleranimalsontheground,too.                   （尽管桥在树上很高，森林部门的工作人员但愿桥也能协助地面上的小动物。）TheParkBridge  部分Thisbridge,unliketheothersmentionedhere,wasbuiltforusebybothanimalsandhumans.Theparksaystheyhavealreadyseendeerusingthebridge.                       （这座桥与这里提到的其他桥不一样，是为动物和人类建造的。公园说他们已经看到鹿在桥上。）可知，建造这四座桥的共同目的是发明野生动物通道。A.Toattractmoretourists为了吸引更多的游客；B.Toreducetrafficaccidents减少交通事故；C.Tosaveendangeredanimals保护濒危动物；D.Tocreatewildlifepassageways发明野生动物通道。故选D.

本文是一篇应用文。简介了四座专门为动物搭建的桥的特点和用途。

阅读理解，要先通读全文，再结合题目到文章中针对性的寻找与题目有关的细节，抓关键词、关键句，仔细推敲，结合选项，逐一排除，如是错误选项，一定要明白体现错误所在；如是对的选项，一定是完全符合原文作者所要体现的意思、观点或想法，或与文章中某些细节完全相符。

4.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】B

【解析】（1）D．细节理解题。根据第一段中的whereinsteadofpayingforproductswithcash，theircommunitycanearnpointswhichtheythentradein.（在那里，他们的小区不必用现金购置产品，而是可以赚取积分，然后进行交易。）可知，该商店不用现金购置商品，而是靠做好事获取积分，以便购置商品。这是它的尤其之处。故选D项。

（2）A．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Itismeanttoprovidenecessarydailygoodsforfamiliesinneed."（它的目的是为有需要的家庭提供必要的平常用品。）可知，商店的目的是为有需要的家庭提供必要的平常用品。故选A项。

（3）C．词义猜测题。本句前面Familiesareautomaticallyawardedpointsbasedontheirfamilysize,butstudentscanhelpthefamiliesearnmorebyhelpingoutaroundtheschool,cleaning,orgettinggoodreferrals（推荐）fromtheirteachers.（家庭会根据家庭规模自动获得分数，但学生可以通过在学校周围帮忙、打扫卫生或从老师那里得到好的推荐来协助家庭赚取更多的收入。）可知根据家庭规模，家庭会自动获得积分，但学生可以通过做好人好事协助这些家庭获得更多积分，例如，在学校打扫卫生，或从老师那里得到好的推荐等。再结合本句后部分的"comparedwiththetraditionalapproaches…"，阐明相对于老式的措施，这些措施是有创意的。故划线词"ingenious"意为"有创意的"与creative同义。A.Careful小心的；B.Strict严格的；C.Creative有创意的；D.Flexible灵活的。故选C项。

（4）B．细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容，尤其是第四段中的Sothestorehastheextraprofitofgivingitsstudentemployees'valuableexperience.（因此，这家商店有额外的利润，给学生员工的宝贵经验。）可知，这种商店尚有一种额外的好处，那就是使它的学生"雇员"获得宝贵的经验。故选B项。

这是一篇阐明文。琳达•塔特高中（LindaTuttHighSchool  ）在桑格市（Sanger）开了一家独特的杂货店，学生、员工以及学校所在的小区不用现金购置商品，他们可以通过做好事获得积分，然后用积分进行交易。

考察社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出对的的选择。

8.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】C

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第一段"Themission（任务）waspartofa＄155millionprojectknownasMOSAiC，

ledbyGermany'sAlfredWegenerInstitute（AWl），whosegoalistolearnmoreabouttheicethatformsneartheNorthPole."（该任务是一种名为"马赛克"的项目的一部分，该项目由德国的阿尔弗雷德韦格纳研究所（AWI）领导，其目的是更多地理解北极附近形成的冰。）可知，"马赛克"项目的目的是更多地理解北极附近形成的冰。A.Protecttheicecap.保护冰帽；B.Stoptheicemelting.制止冰融化；C.Studytheicedeeply.深入研究冰；D.Breakupheavyice.打碎厚厚的冰。故选C.

（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段"Firstandmostimportantly,thePolarsternhadtofindanicefloethatisusedasitsprimaryresearchbase."（首先也是最重要的是，极地号必须找到一块浮冰作为它的重要研究基地。）和"However,doingitprovedeasiersaidthandone."（然而，事实证明，说起来轻易做起来难。）可知，找到合适的浮冰对极地号上的科学家来说是最大的挑战。故选A.

（3）D.观点态度题。根据文章第三段"'WearewatchingtheArcticseaicedie,'saidthemission'sleader,MarkusRex.Theteamreportsthattheiceshelfisfullofholes,andthattheicethatremainsisthinandmelting.Recentsatellitemeasurementssupportthatidea.Thesizeofthisyear'sicecapisthesecondsmallesteverrecorded."（"我们正在看着北极海冰消失，"该任务的负责人马库斯雷克斯说。研究小组汇报说，冰架上到处都是洞，剩余的冰很薄并且正在融化。近来的卫星测量数据支持了这一观点。今年的冰帽是有记录以来第二小的。）可知，作者只是客观描述北极海冰的现实状况，没有作评判。A.Carefree.无忧无虑的；B.Positive.肯定的；C.Tolerant.宽容的；D.Objective.客观的。故选D.

（4）C.推理判断题。根据第四段"NextcomesthelongprocessofstudyingallthedatathatwasCollectedduringthelastyear.ThomasKrumpen,oneofthescientists,said'We'lllikelybebusywithitoverthenexttenyears.'"（接下来是对去年搜集到的所有数据进行研究的漫长过程。其中一位科学家托马斯克伦彭说："在未来的十年里，我们也许会忙于研究它。"）和第五段"Thescientistshopethisabundantinformationwillhelpthemmakebetterpredictionsaboutclimatechange."（科学家们但愿这些丰富的信息可以协助他们更好地预测气候变化。）"可推知，"极地号"本次北极之旅收获颇丰。A.Expensive.宝贵的；B.Confidential.保密的；C.Fruitful.富有成果；D.Casual.随意的。故选C.

本文是一篇阐明文。德国"极地号"在北极冰帽中冷冻了一年后，于9月终于回到了德国的不来梅港。该船搜集了大量有关北极冰的信息，科学家们但愿这些信息可以协助他们更好地预测气候变化。

考察健康环境保护类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出对的的选择。

12.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】B【小题4】A

【解析】（1）D.段落大意题。根据第一段"Whenalivingthinggivesoffaglow,it'scalledbioluminescence.Firefliesareawell-knownexampleofbioluminescence.Manymushroomsarealsobio-luminescent.Firefliesandotherbio-luminescentcreatureslightupthankstochemicalsinsidetheirbodies.Thesechemicalsareknownasluciferins,whichcauseachemicalreactionthatgivesofflight."（当一种生物发出光时，它被称为生物发光。萤火是一种众所周知的生物发光的例子。许多蘑菇也有生物发光。萤火虫和其他发光生物之因此发光是由于它们体内的化学物质。这些化学物质被称为荧光素，它们会引起发光的化学反应。）可知，第一段的重是为何有些生物会发光。故选D.

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段中"ByaddingcertainpartsoftheDNAfromglowingmushroomstoordinarytobaccoplants,thescientistsareabletocreateplantsthatcanmaketheirownluciferinsusingthisacid."（通过将发光蘑菇的特定DNA片段添加到一般烟草植物中，科学家们可以发明出运用这种酸来制造自己的荧光素的植物。）可知，烟草植物运用一种加入化学物质产生荧光素。故选B.

（3）B.推理判断题。根据最终一段中"Glowingplantsreflectthewayplantswork."（发光植物反应了植物的活动方式。）以及倒数第二句"Theglowingalsohelpsuncoverhowplantsmaybeaffectedbythingsaroundthem."（这种发光植物尚有助于揭示植物是怎样受到周围环境的影响的。）可推知，本段作者在传达发光植物对于科学家们的价值所在。故选B.

（4）A.标题归纳题。根据第二段中"Now,researchersataRussiancompanycalledPlanta,workingwithscientistsfromtheUnitedKingdomandAustria,havecomeupwithanewmethodofcreatingglowingplantswhichlastaslongastheyarealive."（目前，一家名为Planta的俄罗斯企业的研究人员与来自英国和奥地利的科学家合作，提出了一种发明发光植物的新措施，这种植物可以一直存活下去。）结合文章阐明了植物自身并没有荧光素，因此没有天然的发光植物。但科学家们通过不停尝试，发明出了可以发光的植物。文章简介了这种植物的某些特性和发光植物对于科学家们的价值所在。可知，A选项"科学家发明出发光的植物"最符合文章标题。A.ScientistsCreateGlowingPlants.科学家发明出发光的植物；B.GlowingPlantsAttractScientists.发光植物吸引科学家；C.PlantsGlowBetterandBetter.植物发光越来越好；D.MakingPlantsGlowIsNecessary.使植物发光是必要的。故选A.

本文是阐明文。植物自身并没有荧光素，因此没有天然的发光植物。但科学家们通过不停尝试，发明出了可以发光的植物。文章简介了这种植物的某些特性和发光植物对于科学家们的价值所在。

做此类题材阅读理解时规定考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出有关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出对的答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出对的答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16.【答案】【小题1】F【小题2】A【小题3】G【小题4】D【小题5】B

【解析】（1）F.推理判断题。根据上文"Listeningtomusicisrelativelyinexpensiveandeveryonecandoiteasily.Asisknowntoall,musichasmanybenefits.（听音乐相对廉价，每个人都能轻松做到。众所周知，音乐有诸多好处）"以及后文"Meanwhile,youcanalsomakeuseofittocreatemorejoyinyourlife.Herearesomeways.（同步，你也可以运用它来为你的生活发明更多的乐趣。这里有某些措施）"可知，上文提到音乐有诸多好处，可推测本句承接上文深入列举音乐的好处有哪些。故F选项"你可以在平常生活中使用音乐来协助减少压力和焦急"符合语境，故选F.

（2）A.推理判断题。根据上文"Letmusicsay"Goodmorning"toyou.（让音乐对你说"早上好"）"以及后文"Thismusiceasesyouintothedaylikeabeautifulsunrise,andstartsyououtinagoodmood.ThisiseasytoprogramifyouhaveaSmartphonethatallowsyoutochooseasongasyouralarm.Apositivemorningmusicceremonyisasurewaytostartyourdayoffinabettermood.（这首音乐让你进入一天的状态，就像漂亮的日出，让你心情愉悦。假如你的智能手机容许你选择一首歌曲作为闹钟，那么这很轻易设置。一种积极的上午音乐典礼肯定会让你有一种更好的心情开始你的一天）"可知，本段重要阐明的是通过音乐来叫自己起床，故A选项"试着在熟悉的音乐中醒来"符合语境，故选A。.

（3）G.标题归纳题。根据上文"Apositivemorningmusicceremonyisasurewaytostartyourdayoffinabettermood.（一种积极的上午音乐典礼肯定会让你有一种更好的心情开始你的一天）"可知，上文提到了用音乐开始一天的好处，本句为本段最终一句，应承接上文继续阐明这一措施的好处。故G选项"这也可以防止你的大脑把你拖回到昨天的烦恼中"符合语境，故选G.

（4）D.推理判断题。根据上文"Singingisoneofthebestwaystoregulatebreathingandpromoterelaxation.Singintheshower；singinthecar.（唱歌是调整呼吸和增进放松的最佳方式之一。在淋浴时歌唱，在车里唱歌）"以及后文"Thisisnotaboutperformingbutaboutyourrelaxation.Ifyou'regoingtosing,pickingandsingingthesongsthatyouknowwillputyouinabettermood,inspireyou,orhelpyourelax.（这不是演出的问题，而是放松的问题。假如你要唱歌，挑某些你懂得会让你心情更好的歌曲，鼓励你，或协助你放松）"可知，本段简介的措施是唱歌来放松，且后文提到了不是演出的问题，可推测唱歌好不好听并不需要紧张，重要的是放松。故D选项"假如你认为你不是一种‘好'歌手，不要紧张"符合语境，故选D.

（5）B.推理判断题。根据后文"Ifyouhaveadailyexerciseroutine,trytakingmusicalongwithyou.Amorningwalkorruncanbecomeeasierandmoreenjoyableifyouhavemusicasyourpersonalcoachandcompanion.Again,itisimportantforyoutochoosemusicthatworksforyouandthatyouknowwillhavetheeffectyouaretryingtoachieve.（假如你每天均有锻炼的习惯，试着把音乐带在身边。假如你有音乐作为你的私人教练和伙伴，上午散步或跑步会变得更轻易和更快乐。再次强调，选择适合你的音乐是很重要的，并且你懂得它会产生你想要到达的效果）"可知，后文提到每天锻炼时听音乐，即跟着音乐做运动。B选项中movements对应后文中haveadailyexerciseroutine。故B选项"每天跟着音乐做运动"符合语境，故选B.

这是一篇阐明文。众所周知，音乐有诸多好处，在平常生活中使用音乐可以协助减少压力和焦急，文章重要简介了某些音乐的好处以及怎样运用音乐来为生活发明乐趣的措施。

技巧

①通读全文，理解文章大意；

②细读七个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；

③根据文章整体构造、详细内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；