高中英语选修7-unit1语法-动词不定式

高中英语选修7-unit1语法-动词不定式第一页，共75页。1Fillinthetablebelow.

Youcanuse

thedictionarytohelpyou.NounAdjectiveambitiousabsentsuitabilitybenefitannoynanceambitionabsencesuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoying第一页第二页，共75页。NounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingclumsyfirmnoisypsychologicalencouragement第二页第三页，共75页。1.Howdoyoumeasurethelengthofaraceroundaracetrack?2.Howwouldyoufeelifsomeonekepttalkingwhenyouweretryingtoread?2Answereachquestionbyusingacorrectnewwordinthisunit.lapannoyed第三页第四页，共75页。

3.Inwhatwaycanateachercheckifyouhavelearnedthenewwordsbyheart?4.Whatdoyoucallanitemwritteninadiaryorinadictionary?5.Whatkindofinstrumentdoesadoctorneedtoexaminevirusesinblood?dictationentrymicroscope第四页第五页，共75页。6.Howdoyoudescribesomeonewhoishappytomeetnewpeople?7.Whatdoyoucallstudentsinthesameyeargroupandthesamesituationasyou?8.Whatdoyoucallthebehaviourofonestudenttoothers?outgoingfellowconduct第五页第六页，共75页。3Completethispassageusingthewordsbelow.

Therewasatimewhenchildrenwithmentaldisabilitieswerepreventedfromlivinganormallife_____________.Theyusedto__________intheirownhomesafterbeingeducatedinspecialin

many

wayssit

aroundadapttocutoutinotherwordsoutofbreathsitaroundinmanywaysmakefunofallinall第六页第七页，共75页。schools.

Otherpeoplesometimes___________them.Butnowthingsarechanging.Therearetrainingprogrammesforyoungpeoplewithmentaldisabilities,whichhaveprovedverybeneficial.StudentslikeXieLi,mentallydisabledfrombirth,nowhaveachancetobecomeathletes.Butitisachallenge.Shehasto__________trainingprogrammesaswellasmixingwithotherable-bodiedathletes.makefunofadaptto第七页第八页，共75页。“XieLi’sconfidencehasgrown,”saidherfather.“Shelooksmuchbetterandisnotsooften___________afterhertraining.________hermotherandIareveryhappywithherprogress.”So,insteadof___________mainstreamactivities,mentallydisabledstudentscanbecomepartofthemainstream.______________theycanleadamorefulfillinglife.In

other

wordsoutofbreathAllinallcuttingout第八页第九页，共75页。RevisetheInfinitive

Unit1Grammar第九页第十页，共75页。1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想第十页第十一页，共75页。4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Iamtheonlystudentinmyclasstohaveapetsnake.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)第十一页第十二页，共75页。8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmentto

givefinancialassistancetodisabled

people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)第十二页第十三页，共75页。动词不定式的作用

FunctionsofInfinitive

1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)

7独立结构(absoluteconstruction)

第十三页第十四页，共75页。1不定式作主语(subject)Tokeepsmiling

ishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolookupthenewwordsinthedictionary

whenyoustudyEnglish.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。第十四页第十五页，共75页。Myjobtoprotecttheworld.Myambitionisto_____________.is2不定式作表语(predicative)第十五页第十六页，共75页。

Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.×√√×不定式常用在系动词be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.如果主语部分有个表示不定式内容的do,用作表语的不定式可省略to。第十六页第十七页，共75页。YaoMinglikestoplay

basketball.Ifinditstillnecessary(forhim)to_________ifhewantstowin.

3不定式作宾语(object)句型：think/consider/findit+adj.+todo第十七页第十八页，共75页。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,afford,appear,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish。第十八页第十九页，共75页。你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？

Doyourememberwhichwaytoget

there?

下一步干什么你决定了吗?Haveyoudecidedwhattodonext?

我来问他怎么样开这机器。

I’llaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.1)不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。第十九页第二十页，共75页。2)有时不定式由whether引起。

Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.3)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider

等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，补语是形容词(间或是名词)，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。

Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.第二十页第二十一页，共75页。4不定式作宾补(objectcomplement)Mymumasksmetoplaythepiano

twohourseveryday.第二十一页第二十二页，共75页。Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth第二十二页第二十三页，共75页。

listento

hear

watch五看

see

lookat

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二听一感觉:

feel+sbdosth（不带to）第二十三页第二十四页，共75页。1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：

MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.

Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.第二十四页第二十五页，共75页。3不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to。1.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.3.Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.第二十五页第二十六页，共75页。5不定式作定语(attribute)1.Kateislookingforasuitablecoattowear.2.Tomhasanicepentowritewith.第二十六页第二十七页，共75页。1.不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。(1)动宾关系(2)主谓关系(3)同位关系第二十七页第二十八页，共75页。2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:

Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.3.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。第二十八页第二十九页，共75页。注意比较：1)Haveyouanythingtosend?

你有什么东西要寄吗？2)Haveyouanythingtobesent?

你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？

（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）第二十九页第三十页，共75页。5.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词。

Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.on4.也可用在have…todo和therebe

句型中。

Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.第三十页第三十一页，共75页。Igotupearlyto_____________.

Youcamehereto________.inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too...tocatchthetrain

6不定式作状语(adverbial)在一些短语中也有体现第三十一页第三十二页，共75页。eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.1.

表示目的:toinordertosoastoso/such…astodo不定式作状语第三十二页第三十三页，共75页。2.

表示原因:

不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.第三十三页第三十四页，共75页。so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo

Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.3.结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.第三十四页第三十五页，共75页。Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.tobefranktobehonesttotellthetruth7

独立结构(absoluteconstruction)

第三十五页第三十六页，共75页。8.不定式的否定结构：不定式的否定结构多由“not+不定式”构成，否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.她检查名字为了不犯错误。Shecheckedthenamesso

as

not

tomakemistakes.第三十六页第三十七页，共75页。动词不定式的时态和语态形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone第三十七页第三十八页，共75页。(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.(2)Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3)Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后。)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4)We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.

(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。)第三十八页第三十九页，共75页。不定式的时态

不定式的一般式todo

Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.

表示的动作通常与谓语所表示的动作或状态同时或者几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。第三十九页第四十页，共75页。不定式的进行式tobedoingIamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。第四十页第四十一页，共75页。不定式的完成式tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。第四十一页第四十二页，共75页。Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后边表示未能实现的愿望。

第四十二页第四十三页，共75页。不定式的语态主动语态todo被动语态tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.第四十三页第四十四页，共75页。Weaskedhimtostaytillthenextday,butherefusedto.Areyouateacher?Yes,andIhavetobe.Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandhaveagoodrest.Ididn’tsayanythingbuttomakeagesture.省略to与省略do第四十四页第四十五页，共75页。1.prefern.(doing)ton.(doing)2.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.3.wouldratherdo4.wouldrather+句子（虚拟语气）5.advise/allow/permit/forbidsb.todoadvise/allow/permit/forbiddoing固定词组和句型第四十五页第四十六页，共75页。

Thequestionisverydifficulttoanswer.Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.1.主语＋be+adj.+todo能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.主动形式表被动意义的不定式第四十六页第四十七页，共75页。Theboxislightenoughtocarry.Theriverwateriswarmenoughto

swimin.2.主语+be+adj.+enough+todo

Thebooksseemedtooheavytocarry.Theiceistoothintoskateon.3.主语+be+too+adj.+todo第四十七页第四十八页，共75页。1.LastsummerItookacourseon____.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade课堂练兵第四十八页第四十九页，共75页。2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs____,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing第四十九页第五十页，共75页。4.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy_____.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout5.______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept第五十页第五十一页，共75页。6.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone7.Johnwasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing第五十一页第五十二页，共75页。8.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident

＿＿losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto9.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating第五十二页第五十三页，共75页。1.____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.(2006广东卷)A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making实战高考第五十三页第五十四页，共75页。2.LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)_____birdskeptincagesinordertohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree.(2007重庆卷)A.issaidtobebuyingB.issaidtohaveboughtC.hadsaidtobuyD.hassaidtohavebought第五十四页第五十五页，共75页。3.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_____.(2008全国卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed第五十五页第五十六页，共75页。4.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But______it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding第五十六页第五十七页，共75页。5.Davidthreatened_______hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(2009上海卷)A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported第五十七页第五十八页，共75页。6.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew_______withallbyourselveseveryday.(2009重庆卷)A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing第五十八页第五十九页，共75页。7.Thechildrenallturned_______thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.(2009全国卷I)A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat第五十九页第六十页，共75页。8.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.(2010全国I卷)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought第六十页第六十一页，共75页。9.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting____________.(2010江西卷)A.todiscover B.tobediscoveredC.discovered D.beingdiscovered第六十一页第六十二页，共75页。10.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁卷)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound第六十二页第六十三页，共75页。11.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山东卷)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted第六十三页第六十四页，共75页。12.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant___________.(2010四川卷)A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith第六十四页第六十五页，共75页。1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_____________________arebothgreathappiness.2据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_________________________________.3根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported___________________.Toloveandtobelovedtohavefinished/completedhiswork翻译下面的句子。tohavearrivedsafely第六十五页第六十六页，共75页。4我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike___________________________________.5玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Maryseemed______________________.6众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_________________agoldmedalattheOlympics.toberepairedatoncetohavebeentoldaboutittohavebeengiven/immediately第六十六页第六十七页，共75页。Iwanttotellyousomething...Makeupashortpassageusingtheinfinitiveasmuchaspossible.Thebeg