GPS模块使用手册

GPS模块使用手册一、GPS模块的几种重要指标1.卫星轨迹全球有24颗GPS卫星沿6条轨道绕地球运行(每4个一组)，GPS接受模块就是靠接受这些卫星来进行定位的。但一般在地球的同一边不会超过12颗卫星，因此一般选择可以跟踪12颗卫星如下的器件就可以了。当然，所能跟踪的卫星数越多，性能越好。大多数GPS接受器可以追踪8～12颗卫星。计算2维坐标至少需要3颗卫星，4颗卫星可以计算3维坐标。2.并行通道由于最多也许有12颗卫星是可见的，GPS接受器必须按次序访问每一颗卫星来获取每颗卫星的信息，因此市面上的GPS接受器大多数是12并行通道型的，这容许它们持续追踪每一颗卫星的信息。12通道接受器的长处包括迅速冷启动和初始化卫星的信息，并且在森林地区可以有更好的接受效果。一般12通道接受器不需要外置天线，除非是在封闭的空间，如船舱或车厢中。3.定位时间定位时间是指重启GPS接受器时，确定目前位置所需的时间。对于12通道接受器，冷启动时的定位时间一般为3～5min，热启动时为15～30s。4.定位精度一般GPS接受器的水平位置定位精度在5～10m内。5.DGPS功能DGPS是一种固定的GPS接受器，用于接受卫星的信号。DGPS可以精确地计算出理论上卫星信号传送到的精确时间，然后将它与实际传送时间相比较，并计算出差值。DGPS将这个差值发送出去，其他GPS接受器就可以运用这个差值得到一种更精确的位置读数(5～10m或者更少的误差)。许多GPS设备提供商在某些地区设置了DGPS发送机，供客户免费使用，只要客户所购置的GPS接受器有DGPS功能即可。6.信号干扰要获得一种很好的定位信号，GPS接受器必须至少能接受到3～5颗卫星。假如是在峡谷中或两边高楼林立的街道上，或者是在茂密的丛林里，有也许接受不到足够的卫星，无法定位或者只能得到二维坐标。同样，假如在一种建筑里面，有也许无法更新位置。某些GPS接受器有单独的天线可以贴在挡风玻璃上，或者将一种外置天线放在车顶上，这有助于接受器收到更多的卫星信号。二、HOLUXM-89GPS模块特性我们选用的是台湾生产的HOLUXM-89GPS模块，并为其配置了PCB板，以以便与单片机进行连接，下面与背面如下图所示，HOLUXM-89GPS接受卫星信号时一般还需要配置天线，如下图所示：HOLUXM-89GPS模块重要特性如下：产品特性通

道：并行32通道频

率：L11575.42MHzC/A码（1.023MHZ码片速率）跟踪敏捷度：-159dB动态性能速

度：515米/秒加速度：4g颠

簸：20米/秒捕捉时间重获取时间：0.1秒热启动时间：1秒温启动时间：33秒冷启动时间：36秒精度定位：10米（2DRMS）1-5米（DGPS）速度：0.1米/秒时间：1ms数据特性I/O信息：1个全双工串行TTL接口数据传播速率：4800～38400(原则：9600)格式：SiRF二进制和NMEA-0183（v3.01）——GGA,GLL,GSA,GSV,RMC,VTG

DGPS协议：RTCMSC-104，类型1，2和9脉冲延时：100ms电气特性输入电压：3.3~5VDC后备电源：直流3V输入电流：80mA物理特性尺寸：25.4mm(D)×25.4mm(W)×3mm(H)重量：7g环境特性操作温度：-30～+85℃存贮范围：-40～+85℃三、12864显示GPS数据试验1.HOLUXM-89GPS模块与DD-900试验开发板的连接HOLUXM-89GPS模块安装在一块PCB板上，板上引出有6针间距为2.54mm的插针，可以便地与顶顶电子开发的DD-900试验开发板进行连接，各插针管脚功能及其与DD-900试验开发板的连接措施如下：1脚：指示灯，通电常亮，接受到卫星开始闪烁，模块板上带有LED灯，试验时可不接。2脚：外部复位输入，模块内部有复位电路，试验时可不接。3脚：模块串口数据输出。接DD-900试验开发板MCU的RXD脚（P30脚）。4脚：模块串口数据输入。接DD-900试验开发板MCU的TXD脚（P31脚）。5脚：GND。接DD-900试验开发板的地端。6脚：电源输入，电压范围：3.3-5V，接DD-900试验开发板的3.3V或5V端。2.GPS源程序试验环节（1）打开STC下载软件，将“12864液晶屏显示GPS数据C51源程序”中的“GPS_12864.hex”目的文献下载到DD-900试验开发板上。（2）取一只12864液晶显示屏，将其插到DD-900试验开发板上。（3）将GPS模块与天线连接好。（4）找四根杜邦线，将GPS模块与DD-900试验开发板的连接好。断开232与单片机的短接插针。使单片机只能与GPS模块进行通信。（5）打开DD-900试验开发板电源，约几十秒后，在12864液晶屏上即可显示出经度、纬度、时间、海拔高度等信息，如下图所示：以上信息的意思为：东经120度23.7285分，北纬36度17.3538分，时间为15点10分52秒，海拔高度为145.6米。需要注意的是，试验时，要将GPS模块和天线放置在室外，以便接受到卫星信号，此外，GPS启动时需要一定的启动时间，GPS启动后才能接受到并计算出对的的数据。此外，假如你没有采用DD-900试验开发板，而是采用其他试验板，需要将单片机晶振频率设置为11.0592MHz，以保证GPS模块与单片机按照9600的波特率进行通信。四、用串口调试助手查看GPS数据1.GPS模块与DD-900的连接（1）GPS模块通过DD-900试验开发板串口，可以以便地与PC机进行连接，连接措施如下：（2）GPS模块的3脚（模块串口数据输出）接DD-900试验开发板MCU的TXD脚（P31脚），注意，与上个试验不一样。（3）GPS模块的4脚（模块串口数据输入）接DD-900试验开发板MCU的RXD脚（P30脚），注意，与上个试验不一样。（4）GPS模块5脚（GND）接DD-900试验开发板的地端。（5）GPS模块6脚（电源输入）接DD-900试验开发板的3.3V或5V端。（6）取下DD-900的MCU。2.试验措施连接完毕后，打开顶顶串口调试助手，选择好串口（一般为串口1，假如采用USB转串口，要选择虚拟串口号，本例采用的是USB转串口，虚拟串口号为COM5）。波特率选择为9600，校验位为NINE，数据位为8，停止位为1。以上设置完毕后，打开串口，即可在接受窗口中接受到有关的GPS数据，如图所示：五、其他1.GPS模块与PC机的通信模组可以直接采用电平转换电路MAX232，将GPS模块的串口和PC机的串口连接,用串口调试工具和GPS模块调试软件监控模块输出的数据，注意：模块的默认波特率为9600，PC机串口波特率必须设置成9600。假如没有接GPS天线或收不到卫星信号。模组上的LED灯一直常亮，假如收到有效的卫星信号LED开始闪烁。2.GPS的数据协议GPS数据格式支持NMEA0183V3.01数据协议。格式NMEA0183V3.01：GPGGA（1次／1秒）、GPGSA（1次／5秒）、GPGSV（1次／5秒）、GPRMC（1次／1秒）、GPVTG（1次／1秒）。下面是调试模组用串口监控到的数据：无卫星状态：$GPGGA,000355.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*44$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*1E$GPGSV,1,1,00*79$GPRMC,000355.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*79$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000356.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*47$GPRMC,000356.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*7A$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000357.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*46$GPRMC,000357.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*7B$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000358.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*49$GPRMC,000358.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*74$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000359.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*48$GPRMC,000359.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*75$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000400.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*43$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*1E$GPGSV,1,1,00*79$GPRMC,000400.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*7E$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000401.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*42$GPRMC,000401.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*7F$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000402.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*41$GPRMC,000402.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*7C$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000403.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*40$GPRMC,000403.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*7D$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000404.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*47$GPRMC,000404.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,,,N*7A$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000405.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,,137.0,M,13.0,M,,*46$GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*1E有卫星状态：$GPGGA,090113.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6454,E,1,8,1.00,67.6,M,-6.7,M,,*78$GPRMC,090113.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6454,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*60$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090114.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6456,E,1,8,1.00,67.7,M,-6.7,M,,*7C$GPRMC,090114.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6456,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*65$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090115.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,1,8,1.00,67.7,M,-6.7,M,,*7C$GPRMC,090115.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*65$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090116.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,1,8,1.00,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*70$GPRMC,090116.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*66$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090117.000,3958.2845,N,11616.6457,E,1,8,1.00,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*73$GPGSA,A,3,29,15,10,18,09,21,24,27,,,,,1.28,1.00,0.79*08$GPGSV,3,1,10,24,78,302,38,15,77,207,42,29,36,238,48,10,33,073,24*76$GPGSV,3,2,10,21,29,310,39,08,22,054,,18,15,276,42,27,14,167,36*7D$GPGSV,3,3,10,09,05,175,35,40,,,*45$GPRMC,090117.000,A,3958.2845,N,11616.6457,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*65$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090118.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6457,E,1,8,1.00,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*7F$GPRMC,090118.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6457,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*69$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090119.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6458,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*7C$GPRMC,090119.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6458,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*67$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090120.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6459,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*76$GPRMC,090120.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6459,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*6D$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090121.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6460,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*7D$GPRMC,090121.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6460,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*66$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090122.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6461,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*7F$GPGSA,A,3,29,15,10,18,09,21,24,08,27,,,,1.14,0.85,0.77*0D$GPGSV,3,1,10,24,78,302,38,15,77,207,42,29,36,238,48,10,33,073,22*70$GPGSV,3,2,10,21,29,310,39,08,22,054,21,18,15,276,42,27,14,167,36*7E$GPGSV,3,3,10,09,05,175,35,43,,,*46$GPRMC,090122.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6461,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*64$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090123.000,3958.2848,N,11616.6462,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,,*72$GPRMC,090123.000,A,3958.2848,N,11616.6462,E,0.00,0.00,080110,,,A*69$GPVTG,0.00,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D2.GPS语句数据格式GPS模块可以输出多种数据格式输出语句，这样，在源程序中，我们通过对这些输出语句进行解析，就可以得到GPS的定位数据。下面重点简介GPRMC和GPGGA输出语句：（1）GPRMC输出语句其原则格式为:$GPRMC,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>A*hh<CR><LF>例如：$GPRMC,024813.640,A,3158.4608,N,11848.3737,E,10.05,324.27,150706,,,A*50<1>原则定位时间（UTCtime）格式：时时分分秒秒.秒秒秒（hhmmss.sss）。<2>定位状态，A=数据可用，V=数据不可用。<3>纬度，格式：度度分分.分分分分（ddmm.mmmm）。<4>纬度辨别，北半球（N）或南半球（S）。<5>经度，格式：度度分分.分分分分。<6>经度辨别，东（E）半球或西（W）半球。<7>相对位移速度，0.0至1851.8knots（节）<8>相对位移方向，000.0至359.9度。实际值。<9>日期，格式：日日月月年年（ddmmyy）。<10>磁偏角，（000-180）度，前导位数局限性则补0。<11>磁偏角方向，E=东W=西。A*语句结束标志符。hh从$开始的所有ASCII码校验和。<CR><LF>回车换行。（2）GPGGA输出语句这是一帧GPS定位的重要数据，也是使用最广的数据。为了便于理解，下面举例阐明＄GPGGA语句各部分的含义。其原则格