英汉翻译技巧

翻译技巧第一节否定句式的翻译Sheisnotadancer.她不是一个舞蹈Sheisnodancer.她算不上个舞蹈家。Itisnotaneasytask.这不是一件容易的事情（客观评价）Itisnoeasytask.这可不是一件容易的事情。（主观评价）一、 完全否定e.g.Therearenodenyingfacts.Noneoftheanswersareright.二、 部分否定e.g.Allthatglittersisnotgold.（=Notallthatglittersisgold.)闪光的不都是金子。Nonethatglittersisgold,闪光的都不是金子。Glitter/twinkle/sparkle/flash/shine/brighten/light/lit/blink/glisten/gleam/flame/illuminate/glow/glorifyIdonotwanteverything.Idonotwantanything.三、形式否定1、cannot....too....意思是不可能是过分的，一般翻译为无论怎样…都不过分Wecannotestimatethevalueofmodernsciencetoomuch.WecannotbetoocarefulindoingItisadj.+N.+that+否定从句.Itisawisemanthatnevermakesmistakes.再聪明的人也会犯错误。Itisagoodhorsethatneverstumblesandagoodwifethatnevergrumbles.too..…to..…太。。。而不能。。。。1)Beginnersaretooapttomakemistakesingrammar.2)Shewastooeagertoknowtheresultofherexperiment.not....otherthan….原意是除了。。。就不。。。。Wedonotlikehimotherthanheisnow.我们就喜欢他现在的样子。Icannotreadthelongletterotherthancursorily.四、含蓄否定。1)Itisafoolishbirdthatfoulsitsownnest.Idesirenothingotherthantobeleftinpeace.ThatismorethanIcando.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtohavemetyou.Youngpeoplearetheleastconservative.Suchachancewasdeniedtome.Timeiswhatwewantmost,butwhat,alas,manyuseworst.Wehavereadyourarticle.Weexpectedtomeetanolderman.Ifitworkedonce,itcanworktwice.五、否定转移1)Ihavenotcometoyouformoney.我来不是找你要钱的。Onedoesnotlivetoeat,buteatstolive.IhavenotcometoChinatoforthonwhatdividesusbuttobuildonwhatbindsus.Atnotimecanwegiveuplearning.Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheearthasuniteit.Theoceansdodividetheearthnotsomuchasuniteit.Heisnotmorefondofplayingchessthanyouare.他不比你更爱下棋。六、双重否定Itneverrainsbutitpours.不下贝U已，下则倾盆。Fightnobattleunprepared.Heistoowickednottomeetabadendsomeday.他太坏了，总有一天会有恶报。练习1、 Theproblemisabove/beyondme.2、 Thisquestionisfarfrombeingcomplicated.3、 SheisthelastwomanIwantedtositnextto.4、 Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.5、 Don’tbevainbecauseyouaregood-looking.6、 Youshouldnotdespiseamanbecauseheispoor.第二节比较句式的翻译一、各种比较格式的替换1、NeverhaveIheardAmericanmusicplayedbetterinaforeignland.我在国外从来没有听过把美国音乐演奏得这样好的。2、 Thebeaversdoitbygnawingallroundthetrunk,ashighupfromthegroundastheycanreach.河狸伐木的方法是沿着它们所够得着的最高部位，围着树干不停的啃。3、 Nothingismoreimportantthanthesignalsenttothepresident.给总统的信息才是最重要的。二、等比句式1、 Heisas/sokindashissisterishonest.他妹妹诚实，而他善良。AtoBasCistoD./WhatAtoBisCtoD.2、 Youareaswrongaswrongcanbe.你大错特错了。3、 Wehopedthingswouldgobetter,butasitistheyaregettingworse.我们原以为事态好转，可事实上却更糟了。Asitwas,comeasyouare,asyouwere.4、 Thepainterdoesnotcopynatureasitis.画家并非完全写实。5、 Youhadbettertakethingsastheyare.你得接受事物的现状。6、 Iamwiserthantobelieveit.我还不至于傻到相信这种事。［、最高级1、 Thereisnoenemymorefataltoprejudicethanfacts.偏见最致命的敌人莫过于事实了。2、 Fewarebetterqualifiedforthejobthanheis.3、 Therewon’tbeawarmerplacethanhome.4、 Youcouldn’thavecomeatabettertime.你来得正是时候。四、介词短语1、 Hevalueswealthabovehealth.Heisabove/abouttodothat.2、 Workshouldcomebeforepleasure.3、 Goodadviceisbeyondprice.4、 Shelooksyoungforherage./Shelooksyoungerthansheis.五、择比句式Betterdonothingthandoapoorjob.IhaveapreferenceforChinesetoforeignnovels.Iwouldrather/wouldassoongoboatingasplaytennis.Sleepingismylastthingtodoinweekends.练习1、Mostpeopleputqualitybeforequantity.2、 Thetotalisunderwhatwasexpected.3、 Nothingissadderthantopartforever.4、 Sheismoreattractivethanclever.5、Itprovedtobenomorethanajoke.6、 Thelionisnomoremercifulthanthetiger.7、 Thelionisnotmoremercifulthanthetiger.8、 Amancannomoreflythanabirdcanspeak.9、 Sunlightisnolessnecessarythanfreshairtoahealthybody.10、 Therewerenolessthanfiftykilledandwounded.Casualties.第三节、定语从句的翻译一、限制性定语从句1、处理成前置定语e.g.1.Hethereforeresolvedimmediatelytoacquainthimwiththefactwhichwehaveaboveslightlyhinted.因此，他马上决定把我们冈刚隐约提到的那件事告诉他。Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinfearofhim.Thisisthescholarwhojustreturnedfromabroad.Thosewhosacrificethemselvesforthepeople’scausearetherealheroesofhistory.2、处理成并列句Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle.是他接到那封信，信上说你的叔叔去世了。Ihavestrongopinionswhichwouldn’tsuityou,我有一些坚决的主张，怕对你们不合适。Vickywasanenergeticstudentwholaboredatherdissertationonalittle-known14山centurypoet.维基是一个精力充沛的学生，她不辞劳苦的撰写那篇关于14世纪一位鲜为人知的诗人的学位论文。二、非限制性定语从句1、 处理成并列句e.g.1.Hesaidthatthiswasagoodsuggestion,whichhewouldlookinto.他说这是个很好的建议，一定要加以研究。Wemakesteampassthroughapipe,roundtheoutsideofwhichcoldwatercirculates,我们使蒸汽通过一根管子，在管子周围有冷水循环。2、处理成独立句e.g.1.Ihopeyoursuccess,whichisaninspirationtome,willcontinue.你的成功对我是个鼓舞，我希望你不断取得成功。Neverthelesstheproblemwassolvedsuccessfully,whichshowedthatcomputationswereaccurate.不过问题还是圆满的解决了，这说明计算是准确的。HehadtalkedtoVice-president,whoassuredhimthateverythingthatcouldbedonewouldbedone.他和副总统谈过话。副总统向他保证，凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。三、分述法1、将关系代词还原e.g.OnedayMissElizabethwrotealettertoJaneAustin,whowasafamouswomanwriter.有一天，伊丽莎白小姐写了一封信给简奥斯丁,奥斯丁是一位著名的女作家。2.AtdinnerIfoundmyselfplacedbetweenMrs.Bradleyandashygirlwhoseemedevenyoungerthantheothers.席间我发现我的两旁分别是布莱德利太太和一位腼腆的姑娘。这姑娘看上去比其他人都要年轻。2、简化或概括先行词e.g.1.Ireceivedtheimpressionofabrutal,clever,competentmanwho,inbusinessmatters,atallevents,wouldbepitiless.我对这个人的印象是又残酷又精明能干。这种人在生意上无论如何都是毫不徇情的。2.AuntHarrietlivedinthatleisureagewhenservantswereemployedtodohomework.哈里特姑妈生活在一个悠闲的时代，那时家务活都可以雇佣人来做。Isabelwasatallgirlwiththeovalface,straightnose,fineeyesandfullmouththatappearedtobecharacteristicofthefamily.伊莎贝尔是个身材高挑、椭圆脸、直鼻梁、眉清目秀、嘴唇丰满的姑娘。这一切看来都是她家族的特征。练习：1、 hehadbeentooproudtoacknowledgethetendernesswhichhisheartfelt.2、 ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharlesDickens.3、 ThepaternallaughwasechoedbyJoseph,whothoughtthejokefunny.4、 Insuchanexperimenttheinsectscanbetaughttoflytotheultra-violet,whichforusisjustdarkness.5、 Infact,manyAmericanswhocouldaffordtohireacookordriverdonotemploythem.6、 Shewearsanexpensivesuitwhichlookedbetteronamodelthanitdoesonher.7、 Anatomisnotasolidsphericalparticle,asitwasoncethoughttobe.

8、 ThisexquisiteharmonybetweennatureandmanexplainsinparttheenchantmentoftheolderBritain,inwhichwholetownsfittedintothelandscape,asiftheywerenomorethanbitsofwoodland.自然与人和谐无比，这正是英国从前的部分魅力所在。当时的英国，整个城镇像片片树林一样，巧妙的融入风景画里了。Therebe句型的翻译1、一般结构1、一般结构therebe+名词。常处理为有或不译。Thereisnotanybodyinanabsolutestateofrestintheworld.Thereisonlyhetotakemetothehospital.2、 therebeno+n.+doingthereisnouseingrumbling.Thereisnogoodfrighteningthemnow.Thereisnothinglikeleatherforshoes.Thereisnothinglikewalkingasameansofkeepingfit.Thereisnothingbuttorushtheinjuredtohospital.省略法省略代词1、1、Allthefellowsgatheredaround,stretchingtheirneckslikegeese.2、 Truthistough.Itwillnotbreaklikeabubbleatatouch;nay,youmaykickitaboutalldaylikeafootball,anditwillberoundandfullatevening.3、 Thesignificanceofamanisnotinwhatheattainsbutratherinwhathelongstoattain.4、 Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatandshelterforusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.从修辞角度考虑的省略Therewasnosnow,theleavesweregonefromthetrees,thegrasswasdead.Forgeneration,coalandoilhavebeenregardedasthechiefenergysourcetotransportfromplacetoplace.练习：Hewasnaturallyproudandambitious,buthewashonestandtrue,andalwaysputtheinterestsoffhiscountrymenbeforehisown.Hewhoknowsnotandknowsnotheknowsnot,heisafool——shunhim.（无知且不知其无知者，乃愚昧之人-应避之。）hewhoknowsandnotknowsheknows,heisasleep—wakehim.（知之但不知其所知者，乃沉睡之人-应唤之。）增译法句法结构上的Seeingfalselyisworsethanblindnessandspeakingfalselythansilence.（所见不真犹不如盲，所言不实不如缄默）Mattercanbechangedintoenergy,andenergyintomatter.anAmericanofficerslippedonabananaskin.Betterbewisebythedefeatofothersthanbyyourown.Sinceairhasweight,itexertsforceonanyobjectimmersedinit.从修辞或意义上的Hedismissedthemeetingwithoutaclosingspeech.Thecrowdsmeltedaway.hesankdownwithhisfaceinhishands.Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertainconditions.TheadministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.IstillrememberthenightwhenIcametothevillage.Flowersbloomallovertheyard.Thelionisthekingofanimals.themountainsbeganto

throwtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.转译法英语名词的转译e.g.1.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.awarenessbyoftheirbackwardpromotedmeasuresThegrowingawarenessbyoftheirbackwardpromotedmeasuresmillionsofAfricansextremelypoorandlivingconditionshasthemtotakeresoluteandcreatenewones.Differencebetweenthesocialsystemsofstatesshallnotbeanobstacletotheirapproachandcooperation.BritainhasnosuchnaturalprotectionfromafloodofHollywoodproducts.Wearedeeplyconvincedofthecorrectnessofthispolicyandfirmlydeterminedtopursueit.Ihavealwayswonderedatthepassionmanypeoplehaveofgoingabroad.Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.Exercises:Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehere.Thepressureofworkhassomewhatdelayedmyanswer.Modernairplaneshavemadetheworldseemasmallerspace.Fornearlyallsubstancesthedensitygetssmallerasthetemperatureisraised.引申法Manygraduatesconsideredhomesasalastrefugefromgoingtoemployment.Bama,whichusedtobelonelyasacloud,hasrecentlybecomeanoutingfromNanning.Theseasonscameandwent.Ho