Unit5FirstAid高二英语阅读提升（人教版选择性）

Unit5FirstAid单元核心脉络单元核心脉络图必备知识必备知识核心词汇：重点词汇1.techniquen.技能；技术；技艺2.organn.(人或动物的)器官3.radiationn.辐射；放射线4.acidn.酸adj.酸的；酸性的5.millimetren.毫米；千分之一米6.needlen.针；注射针；指针；缝衣针7.carpetn.地毯8.ambulancen.救护车9.anklen.踝；踝关节10.motionn.运动；移动11.suburbn.郊区；城外12.membershipn.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数13.wardn.病房14.justifyvt.证明……有道理；为……辩护15.collapsevi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒核心短语1.getburnt烧伤2.senseoftouch触觉3.bedividedinto被分成……4.apply...to...把……涂到/敷到……上；把……运用到……中5.putsbatease使某人放松6.withoutdelay立刻；马上7.helpsbtoone'sfeet帮助某人站起身来8.faceup/down面朝上/下9.sleepin睡过头；迟起；睡懒觉10.outofshape健康状况不好11.bedesperatefor极想要某物12.getintoapanic陷入恐慌核心语法：动词ing形式的用法语篇：说明文关键能力表达：用恰当的语言表达关于急救相关的话题。关键能力。（1）能够根据文章的语言和写作风格识别其文体类型，准确把握文章的写作目的，深入理解文章内容。（2）能够关注急救中接线员所使用的祈使句和表示顺序的副词，在其指导下完成急救操作，并体会其语言的清晰和简练。（3）能够通过分析范文总结记叙文的写作技巧，把握其文体特征、语言特点、基本逻辑脉络、过渡与衔接、主题的升华等。学科素养学科素养1.复习和归纳动词ing形式在句子中的用法。2.能够写一篇记叙文，有条理地叙述自己或他人实施急救的经历。3.通过阅读了解烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的成因、类型、特点和急救方法，提高对烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的应急处理能力，树立烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的防范意识；4.准确判断文章的语篇类型，掌握说明文的特点和写作手法。核心价值核心价值通过本单元的学习，学生不仅能提高安全意识和自我保护能力，还能深刻理解生命的意义和珍爱生命的重要性，学会关爱他人，传递友爱。引言解读

Ifitisnotbigdisasterwithgreatpain,humanconsensusdifficulttoawakening.释义:若不是大灾难与大苦痛，人类难以醒悟达成共识。启示:人们在经历过灾难和痛苦，会恍然大悟明白最为重要的是什么。名人名句积累名人名句积累1、灾难能证明友人的真实。Disastercanprovetruefriends.2、所有的灾难，不过是因为眷恋。Allofthedisaster,butbecauseoflove.3、一颗无畏的心往往能帮助一个人避免灾难。Afearlessheartoftencanhelpapersontoavoiddisaster.4、灾难并不可怕，可怕的是心中没有了希望。Thedisasterisnotterrible,terribleishavenohopeinmyheart.5、我们承受的灾难，将成为我们来日的桂冠。Weinheritthedisaster,willbeeourthecrownofthefuture.6、雄心是生活的动力，也是一切灾难的渊源。Ambitionisthepoweroflife,isalsotheoriginofdisaster.7、死亡是一场灾难。却更是活着的人的灾难。Deathisadisaster.Butmoreofalivingperson.8、希望是最大的灾难，因为他延续了人的苦难。Hopeisthebiggestdisaster,becausehelastedforthesufferingsofthepeople.9、拥抱那份属于你的黑暗，因为灾难即将来临。Thedarknessofthehugthatbelongtoyou,becausedisasterising.10、人间的多数灾难，表面出自恶，实际出自爱。Themajorityofhumandisaster,surfacefromevil,actuallyesfromlove.主题语篇探究主题语篇探究单元主题探究单元主题探究本单元主题是人与社会，围绕“急救”这一话题展开。本单元旨在帮助学生掌握急救知识和技能，并了解遇到紧急情况时应向谁求救、如何有效求助，这样有助于培养他们应对突发事件和意外伤害的能力，以便他们能在未来面对类似情况时迅速反应，有效实施自救和互救。通过本单元的学习，学生不仅能提高安全意识和自我保护能力，还能深刻理解生命的意义和珍爱生命的重要性，学会关爱他人，传递友爱。语篇品读FIRSTAIDFORBURNS烧伤急救Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandisitslargestorgan.Yourskinactsasabarrieragainstdisease，toxins，andthesun'srays.Italsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature，preventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater，warnsyouwhenthingsaretoohotorcold，andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Asyoucanimagine，gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsisgivingfirstaid.CAUSESOFBURNSYoucangetburntbyavarietyofthings：hotliquids，steam，fire，radiation，thesun，electricity，acids，orotherchemicals.TYPESOFBURNSBurnsaredividedintothreetypes,dependingonthedepthofskindamage.CHARACTERISTICSOFBURNSFirstdegreeburns·dry，red，andmildlyswollen·mildlypainful·turnwhitewhenpressedSeconddegreeburns·redandswollen；blisters；waterysurface·extremelypainfulThirddegreeburnsTheseaffecteverylayeroftheskin，andsometimesthetissueunderit.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks，burningclothes，orpetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinternalinjuriesandthevictimmustgotothehospitalatonce.FIRSTAIDTREATMENT1．Placeburnsundercoolrunningwater，especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes.Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocessandreducesthepainandswelling.2．Drytheburntareagentlywithacleancloth.3．Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary，unlessyouseethefabricstickingtotheburntskin.4．Covertheburntareawithaloosecleancloth.Applyingoiltotheinjuredareasisabadidea,asitwillkeeptheheatinthewoundsandmaycauseinfection.全文翻译皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳光线的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多水分，当事物过热或过冷时警告你并给你触觉。正如你所想象的，被烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步就是施行急救。烧伤的原因你可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。烧伤的类型根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。烧伤的特点一度烧伤·干燥，发红，轻度肿胀·轻度疼痛·按压时变白二度烧伤·又红又肿；有水泡；表面有液体·极其疼痛三度烧伤这类烧伤会伤及皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油着火引起的烧伤。这类烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，受伤者必须马上去医院。急救治疗1．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下，特别是在烧伤后的前10分钟内。冷水可以终止烧灼过程，减少疼痛和肿胀。2．用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤部位。3．如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料已粘在烧伤的皮肤上。4．用一块干净的布覆盖住烧伤部位。在受伤部位涂抹油膏是个坏主意，因为这会维持伤口的热度，并可能导致感染。词块积累organ/ˈɔːgən/n.（人或动植物的）器官toxin/ˈtɒksɪn/n.毒素（尤指细菌产生的致病物质）ray/reɪ/n.光线；光束；（热、电等）射线senseoftouch触觉radiation/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən/n.辐射；放射线acid/ˈæsɪd/n.酸adj.酸性的millimeter/ˈmɪliˌmiːtə(r)/n.毫米；千分之一米minor/ˈmaɪnə(r)/adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的layer/ˈleɪə(r);'leə(r)/n.层；表层；层次electric/ɪˈlektrɪk/adj.电的；用电的；电动的electricshock触电；电击victim/'vɪktɪm/n.受害者；患者swollen/ˈswəulən/adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的swell/swel/vi.(swelled；swollen）膨胀；肿胀blister/ˈblɪstə(r)/n.（皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的）水疱；题源题源研读拓展语篇品读s://uww,wikihow.（高考题源报刊）FirstAidforBurnsAmericanInstituteforPreventiveMedicineBurnscanresultfromdryheat(fire),moistheat(steam,hotliquids),electricity,chemicals,andradiation(i.e.,sunlight).Treatmentforburnsdependson:Thedepthoftheburn(whetheritisfirst,second,orthirddegree).Howmuchareaofthebodyisaffected.Thelocationoftheburn.Firstdegreeburnsaffectonlytheouterskinlayer.Theareaappearsdry,red,andmildlyswollen.Afirstdegreeburnispainfulandsensitivetotouch.Mildsunburnandbriefcontactwithaheatsourcesuchasahotironareexamplesoffirstdegreeburns.Firstdegreeburnsshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Theyshouldhealinaboutaweekiftherearenootherproblems.(See"FirstAidProceduresforFirstDegreeBurns".)Seconddegreeburnsaffecttheskin'slowerlayersaswellastheouterskin.Theyarepainful,swollen,andshowrednessandblisters.Theskinalsodevelopsaweepy,waterysurface.Examplesofseconddegreeburnsareseveresunburn,burnscausedbyhotliquidsandaflashfromgasoline.Firstaidprocedurescanbeusedtotreatmanyseconddegreeburnsdependingontheirlocationandhowmuchareaisaffected.(See"QuestionstoAsk"and"FirstAidProceduresforSecondDegreeBurns".)Thirddegreeburnsaffecttheouteranddeeperskinlayersaswellasanyunderlyingtissueandorgans.Theyappearblackandwhiteandcharred.Theskinisswollenandunderlyingtissueisoftenexposed.Thepainfeltwiththirddegreeburnsmaybelessthanwithfirstorseconddegreeburns.Therecanalsobenopainatallwhennerveendingsaredestroyed.Painmaybefeltaroundthemarginoftheaffectedarea,however.Thirddegreeburnsusuallyresultfromelectricshocks,burningclothes,severegasolinefiresandthelike.Theyalwaysrequireemergencytreatment.Theymayresultinhospitalizationandsometimesrequireskingrafts.烧伤急救美国预防医学研究所烧伤可以由干热(火)、湿热(蒸汽、热液体)、电、化学品和辐射(即阳光)引起。烧伤的治疗取决于:烧伤的深度(无论是一度、二度还是三度)。身体受影响的面积。烧伤的位置。一级烧伤只影响到皮肤外层。该区域出现干燥、红肿和轻度肿胀。一级烧伤是疼痛的，对触摸很敏感。轻度晒伤和短暂接触热源(如热熨斗)是一级烧伤的例子。一级烧伤一两天内就会好转。如果没有其他问题，他们应该在大约一个星期内愈合。(参见“一级烧伤的急救程序”。)二度烧伤不仅影响皮肤外层，也影响皮肤下层。疼痛、肿胀、红肿、起水泡。皮肤也会形成湿润的表面。二度烧伤的例子是严重的晒伤，由热液体和汽油闪光引起的烧伤。急救程序可以用来治疗许多二度烧伤，这取决于他们的位置和受影响的面积。(参见“要问的问题”和“二度烧伤的急救程序”。)三度烧伤会影响到皮肤的外层和深层，以及任何潜在的组织和器官。它们看起来黑白相间，烧焦了。皮肤肿胀，皮下组织经常暴露。三度烧伤的疼痛程度可能比一度或二度烧伤要轻。当神经末梢被破坏时，也可能根本没有疼痛。然而，在受影响区域的边缘可能会感到疼痛。三度烧伤通常是由电击、烧衣服、严重的汽油火灾等引起的。他们总是需要紧急治疗。它们可能导致住院治疗，有时需要植皮。语篇拓展阅读语篇拓展阅读Passage1主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与自然灾害防范文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事。★★★InthewatersoffBrisbane,Australia,aseven­foot­longsandtigersharkswimsinpain.Atwo­foot­longspikesticksoutofherside.It’sapieceoffishingequipmentthatthesharkatecarelessly.Aftertravellingintoherbody,thespikepunctured(刺)theshark’sstomach.Amanswimminginthewaternoticestheshark.Then,hewarnsSeaWorldMarineParkinthenearbytownoftheGoldCoast.SeaWorldsendsa12­personteamfromitsrescuecentretowherethesharkhasbeendiscoveredinMoretonBayMarinePark.Soon,theyfindherlyingontheseafloor.“She’lldiewithouthelp,”saysTrevorLong,leaderoftherescuecentre.Usinganonboardcrane(吊车),therescuersmovethesharkintotheirboat’s13­foot­longtank(缸).ThenDrDavidBlydegivesthesharkmedicineandperformsanoperationtoremovethespike.Afterthat,theteamsailswiththesharktoSeaWorld33milesaway.Theyplacethefishina49­foot­longtankandwaittoseeifshegetsbetter.Togivetheshark’sstomachsometimetogetbetter,sheisn’tfedforthefirstfewdays.Aweekafterheroperation,Longoffersthesharkasmall,deadfish.Theanimalrefusestoeat.Butdayslaterwhenhedropsanotherfishintohertank,thesharkenjoyshermeal.Bynowtheshark’swoundshavegotbetter.Twoweeksafterherrescue,theytakethesharkbacktotheboatandreturnhertoMoretonBayMarinePark.Asthefishisloweredbythecranetothewater’ssurface,tworescuersjumpintotheoceanandguideherintothesea.Fromtheboat,Longwatchesherswimaway.“Thesharkhasanotherchance,”Longsays.1．Whathappenstothesandtigershark?A．Sheisunluckyandgetshurtbadly.B．Shehasnothingtoeatforafewdays.C．SheswimsinSeaWorldandlosesherway.D．Sheisseriouslyillbecauseofseawater.2．Accordingtothetext,whichstatementaboutSeaWorldistrue?A．Ithelpsprotectandsaveanimals.B．Itis33milesawayfromGoldCoast.C．Ithasn’tenoughspaceforanothershark.D．Ithasneverperformedoperationsonsharks.3．WhatdoesDrDavidBlydedotorescuetheshark?A．HeturnstoSeaWorldMarineParkinthenearbytownofGoldCoastforhelp.B．Heoffersthesharkasmall,deadfish.C．Heoperatesonthesharkandremovesthespike.D．Hejumpsintotheoceanandguideherintothesea.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DangerfromSharksB．SandTigerSharkRescueC．MoretonBayMarineParkD．ARescueTeamfromSeaWorld【答案】1．A2．A3．C4．B【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事。1．细节理解题。由第一段中的“Atwo­foot­longspikesticksoutofherside.It’sapieceoffishingequipmentthatthesharkatecarelessly.Aftertravellingintoherbody,thespikepunctured(刺)theshark’sstomach.(一根两英尺长的钉子从她的身体侧面伸出来。这是一件被鲨鱼不小心吃掉的渔具。刺入鲨鱼体内后，刺穿了它的胃。)”可知，这条鲨鱼很不幸，伤得很重。故选A。2．细节理解题。由第二段中的“SeaWorldsendsa12­personteamfromitsrescuecentretowherethesharkhasbeendiscoveredinMoretonBayMarinePark.Soon,theyfindherlyingontheseafloor.(SeaWorld从救援中心派出了一支由12人组成的小组，前往莫顿湾海洋公园发现鲨鱼的地方。很快，他们发现她躺在海底。)”可知，该公园帮助保护和拯救动物。故选A。3．细节理解题。由第三段中的“ThenDrDavidBlydegivesthesharkmedicineandperformsanoperationtoremovethespike.(然后DrDavidBlyde给鲨鱼注射药物，并进行手术切除尖刺。)”可知，DrDavidBlyde给这条鲨鱼做了手术，把尖状物取了出来。故选C。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“InthewatersoffBrisbane,Australia,aseven­foot­longsandtigersharkswimsinpain.Atwo­foot­longspikesticksoutofherside.It’sapieceoffishingequipmentthatthesharkatecarelessly.Aftertravellingintoherbody,thespikepunctured(刺)theshark’sstomach.(在澳大利亚布里斯班附近的水域，一条7英尺长的沙虎鲨痛苦地游着。一根两英尺长的钉子从她的身体侧面伸出来。这是一件被鲨鱼不小心吃掉的渔具。刺入鲨鱼体内后，刺穿了它的胃。)”和最后一段的“Twoweeksafterherrescue,theytakethesharkbacktotheboatandreturnhertoMoretonBayMarinePark.Asthefishisloweredbythecranetothewater’ssurface,tworescuersjumpintotheoceanandguideherintothesea.(获救两周后，他们将鲨鱼带回船上，并将其送回摩顿湾海洋公园。当吊车把鱼吊到水面上时，两名救援人员跳入海中，引导她入海。)”可知，文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事，B项“SandTigerSharkRescue(沙虎鲨救援)”作为标题最恰当。故选B。Passage2主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与自然灾害防范文章讲了如何在突如其来的飓风中生存下来。★★★★Canyousurviveanunannouncedstorm?Althoughthereisexpertbroadcastingandweareequippedwithcellphones,there’restillsomeinstances(情况)whentheviolentweathertakesusbysurprise.WhilemostAtlantichurricanesformoffthecoastofAfricagivingplentyofearlywarning,suddenCaribbeanandGulfofMexicohurricanesformandmoverapidlyinlessthanaday’stime,endangeringeveryoneandeverythingintheirpath.Oilworkersweretrappedofftheshorewhensuddenstormsappeared.Naturalscientistshavebeenstuckincoastalareaswithoutstormwarning.TenyearsagoaTexasNationalGuardgroupwastrappedonthebeachbyrainforcedfloodingandhadtorideout(经受的住)amajorhurricaneduringatrainingexercise.There’vebeenafewinstanceswhentravelersweretrappedonanislandorinacoastalareaandunabletoescapeintime.Escapingfromthestormthreatenedareasisgenerallyachoiceformostofus—butnotforall.EachyearthousandsofislandersacrosstheCaribbeanfacethedangerofhurricaneswithoutsomuchasapublicsheltertohidein.Mostrideoutthestormintheirhomes.Butthere’reafewthingsyoucandotoprepareyourselfforsomeunexpectedemergencies.Beingpreparedfortheunexpectedmaybeyourbestandonlydefense.Ifyou’reheadedoutdoorsforafewdaysorweeks,youshouldalwayscarryaflashlight(手电筒)withextrabatteries,aBeidoudevice(装置),andabasicmedicalbox.Ifyou’retravelinginyourcar,rememberyoumaysufferhighwinds.You’dbetternotstayinsidetoavoidbeingblownawayalongwithyourcar.Keepingyourheadandyourcourageupisessentialtosurvivalinanytypeofdanger.Letmonsenseguideyouandalwaysbepreparedfortheworst.5．Accordingtothetext,mostAtlantichurricanes________.A．formintheCaribbeanSea B．developoffthecoastofAfricaC．efromGulfofMexico D．arefromthePacificOcean6．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Peopletrappedbysuddenstorms. B．Thebadsituationsofoilworkers.C．TheTexasNationalGuardgroup. D．Thedangeroftravelingonanisland.7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Wecangetthroughthestormbecauseoftheexpertbroadcasting.B．Beingpreparedfortheunexpectedislikelytobeourbestandonlydefense.C．Escapingfromthestormthreatenedareasisachoiceforallofusingeneral.D．Weshouldstayinsidethecartoavoidbeingblownawayinhighwinds.8．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Togivesomeadvice. B．Toencouragetraveling.C．Togivesomewarnings. D．Tounderstandthedangerofstorms.9．Inwhichpartofawebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthepassage?A．Science. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture.【答案】5．B6．A7．C8．A9．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲了如何在突如其来的飓风中生存下来。5．细节理解题。由第二段“WhilemostAtlantichurricanesformoffthecoastofAfricagivingplentyofearlywarningsuddenCaribbeanandGulfofMexicohurricanesformandmoverapidlyinlessthanaday'stime,endangeringeveryoneandeverythingintheirpath.”（虽然大多数大西洋飓风在远离非洲海岸的地方形成，提供了大量预警，但加勒比和墨西哥湾的飓风突然形成并在不到一天的时间内迅速移动，危及沿途的所有人和一切）可知，大多数大西洋飓风都在远离非洲海岸的地方形成。故选B。6．主旨大意题。由第三段“Therehavebeenoilworkerstrappedofftheshorewhensuddenstormsappeared.Fieldarcheologistshavebeenstuckincoastalareaswithoutstormwarning.Itwasn'tbutafewdecadesagothataTexasNationalGuardgroupwastrappedonthebeachbyrainforcedfloodingandhadtorideoutamajorhurricaneduringatrainingexercise.”（当突然暴风雨出现时，有石油工人被困在岸边。野外考古学家在没有风暴警告的情况下被困在沿海地区。就在几十年前，德克萨斯州国民警卫队的一个小组被强降雨洪水困在海滩上，不得不在一次训练中抵御一场大飓风）可知，第三段主要举了一些突然被风暴困住的人们的例子。故选A。7．推理判断题。由尾段“Keepingyourheadandyourcourageupisessentialtosurvivalinanytypeofdanger.Letmonsenseguideyouandalwaysbepreparedfortheworst.”（保持头脑和勇气对于在任何类型的危险中生存都是必不可少的。让常识指导您，并始终为最坏的情况做好准备）可知，在任何任何类型的危险中保持头脑清醒、勇敢果断是生存必不可少的。而且还要有相关常识，并始终为最坏的情况做好准备。可推知，为意外做好准备可能是我们最好也是唯一的防御。故选C。8．推理判断题。由尾段“Butthere’reafewthingsyoucandotoprepareyourselfforsomeunexpectedemergencies.”（但是，您可以做一些事情来为一些意外的紧急情况做好准备）可知，尾段主要给了一些建议。故选A。9．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何在突如其来的飓风中生存下来。所以本文的主题和人们的生活密切相关，文章应该来自网站上有关生活的部分。故选C。Passage3主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与自然灾害防范与自我保护文章主要介绍了家长应教给孩子正确面对自然灾害的方法技巧，并做好充分准备，这样在面对自然灾害时，才有可能保护好自己。★★★★Youcan’thideanaturaldisasterfromchildren,sohowdowepreparethemforit?Firstofall,youshouldexplaintothemthatactsofnaturearen’tnecessarilydisastersbutcanbeeone.Thesemayincludefloods,hurricanes,tornadoes,winterstorms,wildfires,andearthquakes.Thewaytopreparechildrenforthesedisastersistoeducatethemaboutwhateachtypeisandthenmakeitfunbymakingthem“DisasterMasters”orwhatevertitleyoucanthinkof.MakingthemaDisasterMasterwon’tbeeasy.Theymustknowwhat’sinadisasteremergencykit(工具箱)andwhyit’sincluded.Youcangetyourfriendsinvolved,too.Ifyourfriendshavechildren,theymaywanttobeinvolvedinyouremergencypreparations.Makeitagroupproject.Thisistheopportunityforeveryonetobeefamiliarwiththeequipment.Wehavetobeawareofourconductandthewaywereacttostress.Thechildrenwillbeeasilyinfluencedbyyourattitudeanddemeanor,thecalmness,steadymanner,andgoodhumourofyourspouse(配偶)andyouwillgoalongwaytowardstheeasingorthereductionofstress.Explaintothemwhatthey’relikelytoencounterorseeanddescribehowpeoplemayreact.Disasterscaneandgoveryquicklyandgenerallydon’tlastlong.Ifyoumuststayawayfromhome,trytogetintoaroutinequicklyandencouragethemtomakenewfriends.Letthemknowtheycanlooktotheirparentsandotheradultsiftheybeescaredorconfused.Andit’simportanttoletthemknowit’sOKtocryduringadisaster.It’ssometimeshelpfultoletthechildrendrawpicturesofwhatthey’veexperienced.Encouragethemtowritewhattheylearnedandwhatcouldhavebeendonebetter.Savethestory.Makeitpartofadocumentedfamilyhistory!10．Thispassagewaswrittenmainlytotellusabout.A．theimportanceofmutualhelpindisasterpreparationB．tipsforpreparingchildrenforanaturaldisasterC．theimportanceofeducatingchildrenaboutnaturaldisastersD．waystoraisechildren’scourageinnaturaldisasters11．ItisamustthataDisasterMasterknows.A．whenanaturaldisasterwille B．whytherearenaturaldisastersC．howtouseadisasteremergencykit D．howtoteachothersaboutemergencypreparations12．Theunderlinedword“demeanor”inParagraph3canbereplacedby“”.A．personality B．lifestyle C．emotion D．behaviour13．Whentheymeetwithanaturaldisaster,children.A．mustwritedownwhattheyseeandhowtheyfeelB．shouldbelievethatthedisasterwillneverlastlongC．cancryiftheyarefrightenedD．shouldhelpotherchildrendespitethedanger【答案】10．B11．C12．D13．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家长应教给孩子正确面对自然灾害的方法技巧，并做好充分准备，这样在面对自然灾害时，才有可能保护好自己。10．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“Youcan’thideanaturaldisasterfromchildren,sohowdowepreparethemforit?(你不能向孩子们隐瞒自然灾害。那么我们如何让他们做好准备呢？)”并结合下文父母如何让孩子为自然灾害做好准备可知，本文是为父母介绍传授孩子们面对自然灾害自我保护的技巧。故选B。11．细节理解题。根据第二段“MakingthemaDisasterMasterwon’tbeeasy.Theymustknowwhat’sinadisasteremergencykit(工具箱)andwhyit’sincluded.(让他们成为灾难大师并不容易。他们必须知道灾难应急包里有什么，为什么要包括这些)”可知，必须知道应急救助包如何应用。故选C。12．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“Wehavetobeawareofourconductandthewaywereacttostress.(我们必须意识到我们的行为和我们对于压力的反应方式)”以及第二句话“Thechildrenwillbeeasilyinfluencedbyyourattitude(孩子们容易受到你的态度影响)”可推知，划线词demeanor应指“行为，举止”，即孩子们容易受到你的态度和行为的影响。故选D项。13．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“Andit’simportanttoletthemknowit’sOKtocryduringadisaster.(让他们知道在灾难中哭泣是可以的，这一点很重要)”可知，当他们遇到自然灾害时，孩子们可以因为害怕而哭泣。故选C项。教材语篇研读教材语篇研读I.教材语篇梳理THEFRESHMANCHALLENGEWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?ExpositorywritingMainideaofeachparagraphParagraph1:FunctionsoftheskinParagraph2:CausesofburnsParagraph3:TypesofburnsParagraph4:CharacteristicsofburnsParagraph5:FristaidtreatmentMainideaofthetextThetextismainlyabout:introducethemaininformationofburnsII.课文语法填空课文语法填空（1）Asthe1.（large）organofyourbody，yourskincannotonlyprotectyouagainstdisease，toxinsandtheharmfulrays，butalsopreventyourbodyfrom2.__（lose）toomuchwater.Also，itwarnsyou3.thingsaretoohotortoocold，andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Soifyourskingetsburnt，itcanbeveryserious.Firstaidisaveryimportantstepinthe4._（treat）ofburns.Peoplecangetburntbymanythings，such5.hotliquids，steam，fire，radiation，thesun，electricity，acids，orotherchemicals.Therearethree6.（type）ofburns.Theyaredividedintofirstdegree，seconddegreeorthirddegreeburns，7.（depend）onwhichlayersoftheskinareburnt.Ifyouseesomeonegetburnt，firstremoveanyclothesunlessyouseethefabric（stick）totheburnandcooltheburntareawithcoolrunningwater.Thendrythearea9.（gentle）andcovertheareawithadry，cleanbandageinordernottogetitinfected.Iftheburnisserious，thevictimshouldbesenttoadoctororhospital10.once.答案详解1.largest考查最高级。由前面的the可知，此处要用最高级。2.losing考查非谓语动词。from是介词，后接动词时要用动词ing形式。3.when考查连词。此处表示在外物过热或过冷时皮肤会发出警告，需用when引导时间状语从句。4.treatment考查名词。此处作介词的宾语，所以用名词形式。5.as考查固定搭配。suchas“例如”，是固定搭配。6.types考查名词复数。type是可数名词，由three可知要用复数形式。7.depending考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知，此处应用v.ing形式作状语。8.sticking考查非谓语动词。fabric和stick之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。9.gently考查副词。修饰动词要用副词形式。10.at考查固定搭配。atonce“立刻”，是固定搭配。课文语法填空（2）ChenWei，1.wasahighschoolstudentinBeijing，washavingdinnerattherestaurantwhenheheardsomeone2.（scream）fromanothertable.Afellowdiner，ZhangTao，waschokingonsomesteak.HegotupandrantoZhang’stablewithout3.（hesitate）.HavinghelpedZhang4.hisfeet，ChendidtheHeimlichmanoeuvre，whichforcedoutthesteakandZhangbegantobreatheagain.Withchokingvictims，everyminutecountsbecausechokingvictims5.______（usual）haveonlyaboutfourminutesbeforetheycollapse.6.（solve）thisproblem，in1974，anAmericandoctor，HenryHeimlich，7.（create）theHeimlichmanoeuvre，whichissoeasythatalmostanyonecanlearnhow.Ifyouseesomeonechoking，first8.（call）theemergencyservices.Then，makesurethatthevictimisreallychoking.ThendoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvrecansave9.（he）life.However，itisnotremendeddoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreon10.smallchild.答案详解1.who考查定语从句。先行词是指人的名词，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以填who。2.screaming考查非谓语动词。hearsb.doingsth.听到某人正在做某事。3.hesitation考查名词。withouthesitation毫不犹豫地。4.to考查固定搭配。helpsb.toone’sfeet帮助某人站起身来。5.usually考查副词。修饰动词要用副词形式。6.Tosolve考查非谓语动词。所填的词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。7.created考查时态。讲述过去发生的事情要用一般过去时。8.call考查祈使句。此处是祈使句，所以用动词原形。9.his考查代词。修饰名词life，所以填形容词性物主代词。10.a考查冠词。此处泛指一个小孩，所以用a。教考衔接演练教考衔接演练Passage1主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与自然自然灾害讲述了持续不断的野火把我的家园变成灰烬，当我和丈夫回去收拾时，绝望中看到一个纸条，给我了重新开始的勇气和信念。★★★★★Twoweeksearlier,we’dgottenanearlymorningcalltellingustoevacuate1.Thewildfirehad2andwasheadingourway.Fordays,we’dmovedfromhoteltohotel,desperatefor3.Whatfinallycamewasn’t4.Ourhousehadbeenrightinthefire’spath.Thenwe’dbeengivenpermissionto5.Myhusband,RussandIbroughtallthetoolsweneeded.Iwipedawaytearsaswedugthroughtheashesanddebris(残骸).“Howwillwe6this?”Iwondered.That’swhenInoticedsomethingstucktomyboot.I7asmallpieceofpaper.Itsedgeswere8,yetthewordswere9clear:“Iflifeseems10,stopandreflectontheblessing(幸事)sometimeshiddenwithineverycircumstance.Withrenewed11andcourage,Ibeginagain.”Wordsmusthaveefromoneofmybooks,apassageIcouldn’trememberbutnowsaideverythingI12tohear.Wordsrosefromtheashes.I13thatsmallpieceofpaper.Ikeptitonthenightstand(床头柜)ineveryhotelwherewestayedovertheingmonths.Itnowsitsinaplaceof14inournewhome,a(n)15thatwecanbeginagain.1．A．secretly B．gradually C．immediately D．regularly2．A．worked B．spread C．decreased D．died3．A．news B．water C．money D．food4．A．interesting B．terrible C．encouraging D．reliable5．A．leave B．rest C．stay D．return6．A．survive B．avoid C．forget D．ignore7．A．toreoff B．lostsightof C．pickedup D．caughtupwith8．A．burned B．folded C．marked D．yellowed9．A．naturally B．unfortunately C．occasionally D．surprisingly10．A．busy B．difficult C．normal D．fortable11．A．patience B．curiosity C．ability D．faith12．A．needed B．feared C．failed D．refused13．A．translated B．shared C．copied D．treasured14．A．peace B．honor C．joy D．beauty15．A．image B．warning C．reminder D．example【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．C5．D6．A7．C8．A9．D10．B11．D12．A13．D14．B15．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了持续不断的野火把我的家园变成灰烬，当我和丈夫回去收拾时，绝望中看到一个纸条，上面写着：如果生活似乎很艰难，停下来想想有时隐藏在每种情况下的祝福。这句话给我了重新开始的勇气和信念。1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：两周前，我们接到了一个清晨的，让我们立即撤离。A.secretly秘密地；B.gradually逐渐地；C.immediately立即地；D.regularly有规律地。根据下文“Thewildfirehad2andwasheadingourway.”可知，野火蔓延，他们需要立即撤离。故选C。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火已经蔓延，正朝我们这边来。A.worked工作；B.spread蔓延；C.decreased减少；D.died死亡。根据本句“washeadingourway”可知，野火朝我们这边来，说明野火已经蔓延。故选B。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天来，我们从一家酒店搬到另一家酒店，急切地想要得到消息。A.news消息；B.water水；C.money钱；D.food食物。根据下文“Ourhousehadbeenrightinthefire’spath.”可知，我们的房子在野火的路径上，这是他们得到的消息。故选A。4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后的结果并不令人鼓舞。A.interesting有趣的；B.terrible可怕的；C.encouraging令人鼓舞的；D.reliable可靠的。根据下文“Ourhousehadbeenrightinthefire’spath.”可知，我们的房子在野火的路径上，这消息并不令人鼓舞。故选C。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们被允许返回。A.leave离开；B.rest休息；C.stay留下；D.return返回。根据下文“Iwipedawaytearsaswedugthroughtheashesanddebris(残骸).”可知，他们收拾残骸，应是返回到了家里。故选D。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们将如何生存？”我想知道。A.survive生存；B.avoid避免；C.forget忘记；D.ignore忽略。根据前文“Iwipedawaytearsaswedugthroughtheashesanddebris(残骸).”可知，房屋只剩下灰烬和残骸，我不知道该如何生存。故选A。7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我捡起一张小纸条。A.toreoff撕下；B.lostsightof看不见；C.pickedup捡起；D.caughtupwith赶上。根据前文“Inoticedsomethingstucktomyboot”可知，靴子上落了个纸条，所以我捡起来。故选C。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的边缘被烧焦了，但上面的文字却出奇地清晰。A.burned燃烧；B.folded折叠；C.marked标记；D.yellowed变黄。根据前文“Iwipedawaytearsaswedugthroughtheashesanddebris(残骸).”可知，房屋燃烧殆尽，所以纸条的边缘也被烧了。故选A。9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它的边缘被烧焦了，但上面的文字却出奇地清晰。A.naturally自然地；B.unfortunately不幸地；C.occasionally偶尔；D.surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据本句“yet”可知，前后为转折关系。虽然边缘被烧，但是文字却清晰，这是很令人惊讶的事。故选D。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果生活似乎很艰难，停下来想想有时隐藏在每种情况下的祝福。A.busy忙的；B.difficult困难的；C.normal正常的；D.fortable舒服的。根据本句中“stopandreflectontheblessing”可知，停下来想想幸事，说明生活艰难。前后为反义词复现。故选B。11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着新的信念和勇气，我重新开始。A.patience耐心；B.curiosity好奇心；C.ability能力；D.faith信念。根据前文“Iflifeseems10,stopandreflectontheblessing(幸事)sometimeshiddenwithineverycircumstance.”可知，纸条的内容让我重拾对生活的信心。故选D。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这句话一定是来自我的一本书，一段我记不住的话，但现在我想听的都说了。A.needed需要；B.feared害怕；C.failed失败；D.refused拒绝。根据前文““Howwillwe6this?”Iwondered.”可知，我很绝望，不知该如何生存下去，但是纸条给了我所需要的信心和勇气。故选A。13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很珍惜那张小纸条。A.translated翻译；B.shared分享；C.copied复制；D.treasured珍惜。根据前文“Withrenewed11andcourage,Ibeginagain.”可知，纸条让我在绝望时重拾对生活的信心，所以我很珍惜这张纸条。故选D。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它现在摆在我们新家的一个荣耀的地方，提醒我们可以重新开始。A.peace和平；B.honor荣誉；C.joy快乐；D.beauty美。根据前文“I12thatsmallpieceofpaper.”可知，我很珍惜这个纸条，所以把它放在一个荣耀的地方。故选B。15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它现在摆在我们新家的一个荣耀的地方，提醒我们可以重新开始。A.image想象；B.warning警告；C.reminder提醒；D.example例子。根据本句“Itnowsitsinaplaceof14inournewhome”可知，我把它放在家里，是想提醒自己一切都可以重新