2020年度全国职称英语等级考试试题理工类爱问知识人

全国职称英语等级考试试题理工类爱问知

识人

资料仅供参考

全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）

第一部分阅读理解（75分）

Passage1

CATVisashortwayofsaying

ncommunityantenna（天线）television.n

Butncabletelevisionnistheterm

mostpeopleuse.Cabletelevisionallows

viewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthat

theycannotpickupwiththeir

regularantennas.

Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthe

curve（曲线）oftheearth.Theytravel

instraightlinesinalldirections.

SignalsfromaTVstationmove

towardthehorizon（水平线）andthen

gointospace.Ifyouliveonlya

fewmilesfromastation,youmay

notgetanypictureatall.

CATVbeganin1948.Peopleinplaces

farfromTVstationssharedthecost

ofputtinguphighantennas.A

communityantennawasusuallyplaced

资料仅供参考

onahill,amountain,oronahigh

tower.TheantennapickedupTV

signalsandfedthemintoasmall

localstation.Fromthestation,thick

wirescalledcablesranouttonearby

homes.Eachpersonusingthecable

paidamonthlycharge.

CATVworkedwell,andsoonnew

useswerefoundforit.Localstations

couldfeedprogramsintoempty

channelsthatwerenotinuse.People

alongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,

weatherreports,andfarmandschool

newsatnoextracharge.

Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedinto

cities.Itbringsinextraprograms

thatcityviewerswithregularantennas

cannotsee.Itisalsousedinmany

classroomsthroughoutthecountry.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknow

that.

资料仅供参考

OA.mostpeopleusecabletelevision

OB.ncommunityantenna,*isanother

namefornregularantenna''

OC.acommunityantennaisusedfor

cabletelevision

OD.regularantennascannotpickup

TVsignalsprograms

2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOT

thewayTVsignalstravel?

OA.Inacurve.

OB.Inastraightline.

OC.Inalldirection.

OD.Towardthehorizon.

3.CableTVisbecomingmoreand

popularbecause.

OA.itisfreeofcharge

OB.itcanprovidemoreprograms

OC.itprovidesallTVusersgood

资料仅供参考

pictures

OD.TVsetswithregularantennas

canalsohaveagoodreception

throughCATV

4.Onthewhole,thispassageis

about.

OA.howtoputuphighantennas

OB.awayofpickingupbetterTV

programs

OC.howtousetheemptychannels

onyourTVset

OD.thewaythatTVsignalsare

sent

5.Fromthepassagewecaninfer

that.

OA.TVhasbeguntobeusedfor

educationalpurposes

OB.thereisnochargeforCATV

OC.cableTVcannotbeusedin

mountainousareas

资料仅供参考

OD.antennasforcableTVare

usuallyputupinthecenterofa

community

Passage2

Inearliesttimes,menconsidered

lightningtobeoneofthegreat

mysteriesofnature.Someancient

peoplebelievedthatlightningand

thunderweretheweaponsofthe

gods.

Inreality,lightningisaflowof

electricityformedhighabovetheearth.

Asingleflashoflightning1.6

kilometerslonghasenoughelectricity

tolightonemillionlightbulbs.

TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,

BenjaminFranklin,wasthefirstto

showtheconnectionbetweenelectricity

andlightningin1752.Inthesame

yearhealsobuiltthefirstlightning

资料仅供参考

rod.Thisdeviceprotectsbuildings

fromdamagebylightning.

Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatone

strokeoflightingcontainsmorethan

15millionvolts.Asparkbetweena

cloudandtheearthmaybeaslong

as13kilometers,andtravelata

speedof30millionmeterspersecond.

Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout

millionflashesoflightningperyear.

LightninghitstheEmpireState

BuildinginNewYorkCity30to48

timesayear.IntheUnitedStates

alongitkillsanaverageofone

personeveryday.

Thesafestplacetobeincaseofan

electricalstormisinaclosedcar.

Outside,oneshouldgotolowground

andnotgetundertrees.Also,one

shouldstayoutofwaterandaway

frommetalfences.Insideahouse,

peopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysand

资料仅供参考

windowsandnottouchwiresormetal

things.

Withlightning,itisbettertobesafe

thansorry!

6.Lightningisreally.

OA.weapon

OB.electricity

OC.light

OD.mystery

7.Peopleoncethoughthatlightning

camefrom.

OA.scientists

OB.ground

OC.lightningrod

OD.gods

8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduce

enoughelectricityforbulbs.

OA.10,000

资料仅供参考

OB.1,000

OC.1,000,000

OD.100

9.BenjaminFranklin.

OA.madethefirstlightningrod

OB.inventedelectricity

OC.builttheEmpireStateBuilding

OD.preventedLightningfromhitting

cars

10.isthebestplacetobe

duringanelectricalstorm.

OA.Swimmingpool

OB.ahighground

OC.Underatree

OD.Acar

Passage3

资料仅供参考

Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientists

intheoil-consumingnationshave

becomeincreasinglyinterestedinthe

potential（潜在的）ofsolarenergy.Some

expertsestimatethatthepresentsupply

offossil（化石）fuelwillnotlastuntil

theendofthetwentiethcentury.The

problemthatsolarenergyresearchers

faceishowtoharness（利用）the

sun'senergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.

Oneofthemostpopularmethods

currentlybeingtestedusesrooftop

solarcollectorsandundergroundstorage

tanks.Anadvantageofaproperly

workingsystemofthistypeisthatit

willnotcreateanyenvironmental

pollution.Anotheradvantageofusing

solarenergyisthatthecostofthe

fuel-thesun*srays-iszero.Whena

solarheatingsystemisworkingat

maximum（最大的）efficiency,itcan

provideupto80percentofwinter

资料仅供参考

heatingneeds.

11.Themaintopicofthispassageis

■

OA.theshortageoffossilfuel

OB.theproblemsthatenergy

researchersface

OC.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem

OD.aninexpensiveenergysource

12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystem

makesuseof.

OA.roofcollectorsandunderground

storage

OB.fossilfuelconversion

OC.undergroundoiltanks

OD.watercollectionandevaporation

13.Thecostofusingthesun'srays

forheatingis

资料仅供参考

OA.aboutthesameasthecostof

fossilfuels

OB.severalhundreddollarsperyear

OC.negligiblecomparedwithother

energysources

OD.determinedbytheseverityof

thewinter

14.Whichofthefollowingdescribes

anadvantageofusingsolarenergy?

OA.Thereislittleorno

environmentalpollution.

OB.Alargepercentageoffuelcosts

canbesaved.

OC.Fossilfuelswillbecomemore

plentiful.

OD.Theoil-consumingnationswillnot

havetoimportoil.

15.Accordingtosomeexperts,the

资料仅供参考

supplyoffossilfuelwillnotlast

.

OA.onemorecentury

OB.anindeterminabletime

OC.untiltheendofthiscentury

OD.indefinitely

第二部分完成句子（25分）

根据短文内容完成句子，每个空格只能填一个单

词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出，请将其余字

母补全。

Notlongago,anairplanewasflying

overNewZealand.Therewasa

televisioncameracrewonboard.

Suddenly,outinthenightsky,a

brightsphere（球体）cameintoview.

Everyoneonboardsawitand

everyonethough,nUFOn-Unidentified

FlyingObject.Thecameracrewwent

intoactionandstartedfilming.That

weekpeopleallovertheworldsaw

资料仅供参考

thefilmofthismysteriouslighton

theirtelevisionscreens.Whatwasit?

Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitors

fromanotherplanet?Thecaptainof

theaeroplaneandthefilmcrew

believeditwas.Otherobservershad

manydifferentexplanations.Somesaid

itwasVenus（金星）.Otherssaidit

wasjustatrickoflight.

Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawit

onhisradarscreen.Hethoughtthat

aflockofbirdswascausingdotson

hisradarscreenwhenthe''UFO''

appeared.

Mostastronomersnowbelievethat

whatthesepeoplesawwasalmost

certainlytheplanetVenus.Atthat

timeofyearitisverybrightand

easytosee.Andfromamoving

aeroplaneitcanappeartobemoving

fast.Sofarthereisnoproofthat

UFOsorspaceshipsfromotherplanets

资料仅供参考

doexist.Theseyearsinvestigatorsof

UFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsof

sighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesaid

theysawaUFO.Ninetypercentof

theseturnedouttohaveasimple

explanation.

However,ifsgoodideatokeepan

openmind.Scientistsinsomecountries

aretryingtopersuadetheir

governmentstohelpthemstudyUFOs.

Andtheyareplanningtocooperate

inter-nationallyonreportingand

investigatingsightingsofUFOs.

Afterall,itisquitepossiblethat

thereislifeoutthereintheuniverse.

Andifsomethingisalive,itisquite

possiblethatitwillcometovisitus.

16.Thecaptainandthecameracrew

believedthatUFOwasavspaceship

fromanotherplanet.

资料仅供参考

17.ManyobelievedthattheUFO

wasVenus.

18.Sofarthereisnoproofthat

UFOsarespfromouterspace.

19.Somescientistsintheworldare

planningtodosomeronUFOs.

20.Plifeintheuniversemaytry

tomakeavisittous.

第三部分阅读理解（80分）

Passage1

Inrecentyears,scientificand

technologicaldevelopmentshave

drasticallychangedhumanlifeonour

planet,aswellasourviewsbothof

ourselvesasindividualsinsocietyand

oftheuniverseasawhole.Maybe

oneofthemostprofounddevelopments

资料仅供参考

ofthelastdecadeisthediscoveryof

recombinantDNAtechnology,which

allowsscientiststointroducegenetic

（遗传学的）material（orgenes）from

oneorganismintoanother.Inits

simplestform,thetechnologyrequires

theisolationofapieceofDNA,

eitherdirectlyfromtheDNAofthe

organismunderstudy,orartificially

synthesizedfromanDNA.Thispiece

ofDNAisthenligated（结扎）toa

fragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhas

thecapacitytoreplicate（复制）itself

independently.Therecombinantmolecule

thusproducedcanbeintroducedinto

thecommonintestinal（内部的）

bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcan

begrowninverylargeamountsin

syntheticmedia.Underproperconditions,

theforeigngenewillnotonly

replicateinthebacteria,butalso

expressitself,throughtheprocessof

资料仅供参考

transcriptionandtranslation,togive

risetolargeamountsofthespecific

proteincodedbytheforeigngene.

Thetechnologyhasalreadybeen

successfullyappliedtotheproduction

ofseveraltherapeutically（疗法的）

importantbiomolecules,suchas,growth

hormones,interferon,insulin.

Manyotherimportantapplicationsare

underdetailedinvestigationin

laboratoriesthroughouttheworld.

21.RecombinantDNAtechnology

consistsprimarilyof.

OA.producingseveraltherapeutically

importantbiomolecules

OB.givingrisetolargeamountsof

protein

OC.introducinggeneticmaterialfrom

oneorganismintoanother

OD.usingaviralenzymecalled

reversetranscriptase

资料仅供参考

22.RecombinantDNAtechnologyhas

beenusedintheproductionofallof

thefollowingbiomoleculesexcept

.

OA.growthhormones

OB.Escherishchiacoli

OC.interferon

OD.insulin

23.Whichofthefollowingisnot

true?

OA.Theforeigngenewillreplicatein

thebacteria,butitwillnotexpress

itselfthroughtranscriptionand

translation.

OB.ThebacteriumEscherishchiacoli

canbegrowninlargeamountsin

syntheticmedia.

OC.Researchcontinuesinaneffort

资料仅供参考

tofindotherusesforthistechnology,

OD.RecombinantDNAtechnologyisa

recentdevelopment.

24.Expressionofagenein

Escherishchiacolirequires.

OA.theviralenzymereverse

transcriptase

OB.theprocessesoftranscriptionand

translation

OC.productionofinsulinandother

biomolecules

OD.thatthebacteriabegrownina

syntheticmedia

25.Thetermrecombinantisused

because.

OA.byligation,arecombinant

moleculeisproduced,whichhasthe

capacityofreplication

资料仅供参考

OB.thetechniquerequiresthe

combinationofseveraltypesof

technology

OC.byligation,arecombinantprotein

isproduced,partofwhoseamino

acidscomefromdifferentorganism

OD.Escherishchiacoliisa

recombinantorganism

Passage2

Watchababybetweensixandnine

monthsold,andyouwillobservethe

basicconceptsofgeometrybeing

learned.Oncethebabyhasmastered

theideathatspaceisthree-

dimensional,itreachesoutandbegins

graspingvariouskindsofobjects.Itis

then,fromperhapsninetofifteen

months,thattheconceptsofsetsand

numbersareformed.Sofar,sogood.

Butnowominous（不祥的）development

资料仅供参考

takesplace.Thenervefibersinthe

braininsulate（使隔离）themselvesin

suchawaythatthebabybeginsto

hearsoundsveryprecisely.Soonit

picksuplanguage,anditisthen

broughtintodirectcommunicationwith

adults.Fromthispointon,itis

usuallydownhillallthewayfor

mathematics,becausethechildnow

becomesexposedtoallthenonsense

wordsandbeliefsofthecommunity

intowhichithasbeensounfortunate

astohavebeenborn.Naturehaving

doneverywellbythechildnow

becomesexposedtoallthenonsense

wordsandbeliefsoftothispoint,

havingpermittedittheluxuryof

thinkingforitselfforeighteenmonths,

nowabandonsittothearbitrary

conventionsandbeliefsofsociety.But

atleastthechildknowssomethingof

geometryandnumbers,anditwill

资料仅供参考

alwaysretainsomememoryofthe

earlyhalcyon（平静的）daysnomatter

whatvicissitudes（变化）itmaysuffer

lateron.Themainreservoirof

mathematicaltalentinanysocietyis

thuspossessedbychildrenwhoare

abouttwoyearsold.Childrenwho

havejustlearnedtospeakfluently.

26.Whatdoesthepassagemainly

discuss?

OA.Theimpactoflanguageon

mathematics.

OB.Children'sabilitytolearn

languages.

OC.Howbasicconceptsofphysics

arelearned.

OD.Math-learningstrategiesforbabies.

27.Accordingtothepassage,which

offollowingactivitieswouldteacha

资料仅供参考

babygeometry?

OA.Pickingupawoodenblock.

OB.Recognizingthenumber2.

OC.Utteringanonsenseword.

OD.Lookingatdistantobjects.

28.Accordingtotheauthor,atwhat

agedoesachildprobablybeginto

learnaboutsetsandnumbers?

OA.Sixmonths.

OB.Ninemonths.

OC.Fifteenmonths.

OD.Eighteenmonths.

29.Theuseoftheword"ominous''

showsthattheauthorbelievethe

child*s•

OA.linguisticfutureisthreatened

OB.nerveswilldeteriorate

OC.hearingwillsuffer

OD.mathematicalabilityalldecline

资料仅供参考

30.Thepassagesupportwhichofthe

followingconclusions?

OA.Thelanguageconceptsusedin

earlyeducationinterferewith

mathematicalreasoning.

OB.Itishopelesstotrytoteach

childrenmathematicsaftertheageof

two.

OC.Languageteachingshould

incorporatesomemathematicalformulas.

OD.Preschooleducationshouldstress

society'sbeliefsandconventions

第四部分概括大意（20分）

给下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主

题用一个或几个单词表示，空出的词已给出了第

一个字母，请把其余字母补全。

31.TheSolarE

Thesunisthesourceofmostof

资料仅供参考

theheatknowntous.Asadirect

sourceofheat,thesunmaintains;life

uponthisplanet,150000000

kilometersdistant.Itisalsoan

indirect:sourceofheat.Sincethe

earthisderivedfromthesun,itis

thelatterthatwemusttracesome

oftheearth*sinternalheatthat

revealsitselfthroughvolcanoes,geysers

（喷泉），andhotsprings.

32.InsectsandSurfaceT

Aninsectisnotafraidofgravity,

butitisindeadlyfearofanother

forceofnature.Thisforceiscalled

surfacetension（张力）.Amancoming

outofabathcarrieswithhima

filmofwateraboutonefiftiethofan

inchinthickness.Thisweightsabout

apound.Awetmousehastocarry

itsownweightinwater.Awetfly

资料仅供参考

hastoliftmanytimesitsown

weight,and,aseveryoneknows,afly

oncewettedbywateroranyother

liquidisinaveryseriousposition

indeed.Aninsectgoingforadrink

isinasgreatdangerasaman

leaningovertheedgeofacliffin

searchoffood.Ifitoncefallsinto

thegripofthesurfacetensionofthe

water-thatistosay,getswetit

islikelytoremainsountilitdrowns.

Afewinsectscontrivetobe

unwettable;themajoritykeepaway

fromtheirdrinkbymeansoflong

proboscis（喙）.

33.TofBoilingPointofLiquids

Whenthetemperatureofaliquidis

raisedenough,theliquidboils.This

meansthatbubblesofvapor,

containingmillionsofmoleculesform

belowthesurface.Inorderforsuch

资料仅供参考

bubblestobeproduced,thepressure

ofthevaporinsidethemmustbe

equaltothepressureoftheairupon

thesurfaceoftheliquid.Iftheair

pressureisgreater,thebubblewill

collapse.Theboilingpointofaliquid,

then,isthetemperatureatwhichthe

vaporpressureoftheliquidisequal

totheatmosphericpressureuponthe

liquidatthesurface.

34.EandContraction

Solidsalsoexpandwithincreasein

temperatureandcontractwhencooled.

Buttheydonotbehavequiteso

uniformly（相同地）inthisrespectas

liquidsandgasesdo,particularlyin

thecaseofwidevariations,in

temperature.Mostsolidsexpendor

contractbyadefiniteamountfor

everydegreeofthetemperaturethat

资料仅供参考

risesorfalls.Theamountbywhich

onsubstanceexpandsandcontractsfor

onedegreeisnotusuallythesame

asthatforadifferentsubstance.Thus,

foragivenriseintemperature,a

pieceofbrassexpandsatlittlemore

thanapieceofcopperandmuch

morethanapieceofsteelofthe

samesize.

35.AofElectricTrains

Electrictrainshavemanyadvantages

overthosedrawnbysteamengines.

Thereisnosmoketosoilthe

passengers*clothesandthecushionsin

thetrain.Becausetheycarryno

heavyloadsofcoalandwater,these

trainscanstartandstopwithless

wasteofpower.Inastationtheyare

silent:there*snosteamtoproduce

noisetodeafenthepassengers.

资料仅供参考

第五部分阅读理解（120分）

Passage1

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideacts

ratherlikeaone-waymirror…theglass

intheroofagreenhousewhich

allowsthesun'sraystoenterbut

preventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert*s

prediction,theatmospherewillbe7oC

warmerintheyear2050thanitis

today,ifmancontinuestoburnfuels

atthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming

uptookplace,theicecapesinthe

poleswouldbegintomelt,thus

raisingsealevelseveralmetresand

severelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,

theincreaseinatmospherictemperature

wouldleadtogreatchangesinthe

climateofthenorthernhemisphere,

possiblyresultinginanalterationof

资料仅供参考

theearth*schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-

madewarmingoftheearthhas

concentratedontheArcticbecausethe

Antarcticismuchcolderandhasa

muchthickericesheet.Butthe

weatherexpertsarenowpayingmore

attentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmay

beaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesof

warming:inotherwords,bya

warmingonthescalethatwill

possiblytakeplaceinthenextfifty

yearsfromtheburningoffuels.

Satellitepicturesshowthatlargeareas

ofAntarcticicearealready

disappearing.Theevidenceavailable

suggeststhatawarminghastaken

place.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbon

Dioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburnt

inthenorthernhemisphere,where

temperaturesseemtobefalling.

资料仅供参考

Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatup

tonownaturalinfluencesonthe

weatherhaveexceededthosecausedby

man.Thequestionis.Whichnatural

causehasthemosteffectonthe

weather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehavior

ofthesun.Astronomersatone

researchstationhavestudiedthehot

spotsand"cold"spots(thatis,the

relativelylesshotspots)onthesun.

Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,

itpresentshotteror''colder''facesto

theearth,anddifferentaspectsto

differentpartsoftheearth.This

seemstohaveaconsiderableaffecton

thedistributionoftheearthts

atmosphericpressure,andconsequently

onwindcirculation.Thesunisalso

variableoveralongterm:itsheat

outputgoesupanddownincycles,

thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

资料仅供参考

Scientistsarenowfindingmutual

relationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-

weatherinteractionsandtheactual

climateovermanythousandsofyears,

includingthelastIceAge.The

problemisthatthemodelsare

predictingthattheworldshouldbe

enteringanewIceAgeanditis

not.Onewayofsolvingthis

theoreticaldifficultyistoassumea

defaultofthousandsofyeaswhilethe

solareffectsovercometheinertia（惯性）

oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,

thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide

mightthusbeservingasauseful

counter-balancetothesuns

diminishingheat.

36.Itcanconcludedthata

concentrationofcarbondioxideinthe

atmospherewould.

OA.preventthesun'sraysfrom

资料仅供参考

reachingtheearth*ssurface

OB.meanawarmingupinthe

Arctic

OC.accountforgreatchangesinthe

climateinthenorthernhemisphere

OD.raisethetemperatureofthe

earth*ssurface

37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain

OA.thegreenhouseeffect

OB.thesolareffectsontheearth

OC.themodelsofsolar-weatherin

traction's

OD.thecausesaffectingweather

38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionis

greaterinthenorthernhemisphere,

temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.

Thisis

资料仅供参考

OA.mainlybecausethelevelsof

carbondioxidearerising

OB.possiblybecausetheicecapsin

thepolesaremelting

OC.exclusivelyduetotheeffectof

theinertiaoftheearth*sclimate

OD.partlyduetovariationsinthe

outputofsolarenergy

39.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,

scientistsareoftheopinionthat

■

OA.theclimateoftheworldshould

bebecomingcooler

OB.itwilltakethousandsofyears

fortheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate

totakeeffect

OC.theman-madewarmingeffect

helpstoincreasethesolareffects

OD.thenewIceAgewillbe

delayedbythegreenhouseeffect

资料仅供参考

40.Iftheassumptionaboutthedelay

ofanewIceAgeiscorrect,

■

OA.thebestwaytoovercomethe

coolingeffectwouldbetoburnmore

fuels

OB.icewouldsooncoverthe

northernhemisphere

OC.theincreasedlevelsofcarbon

dioxideintheatmospherecouldwarm

uptheearthevenmorequickly

OD.thegreenhouseeffectcouldwork

totheadvantageoftheearth

Passage2

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdivided

intomathematicalsciences,natural

sciencesorsciencesdealingwiththe

naturalworld(physicalandbiological

资料仅供参考

sciences）,andsciencesdealingwith

mankind（psychology,sociology,allthe

sciencesofculturalachievements,every

kindofhistoricalknowledge）.Apart

fromthesesciencesisphilosophy,about

whichwewilltalklater.Inthefirst

place,allthisispureortheoretical

knowledge,soughtonlyforthepurpose

ofunderstanding,inordertofulfill

theneedtounderstandwhatis

intrinsic（内在的）andconsubstantial（同

体的）toman.Whatdistinguishesman

fromanimalisthatheknowsand

needstoknow.Ifmandidnotknow

thattheworldexisted,andthatthe

worldwasofacertainkind,thathe

wasintheworldandthathehimself

wasofacertainkind,hewouldn't

beman.Thetechnicalaspectsor

applicationsofknowledgeareequally

necessaryformanandareofthe

greatimportance,becausetheyalso

资料仅供参考

contributetodefininghimasman

andpermithimtopursuealife

increasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsof

technicalprogress,hemustdefendthe

primacy（第一位）andautonomyofpure

knowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectly

foritspracticalapplicationswillhave

immediateandforeseeablesuccess,but

notthekindofimportantresult

whoserevolutionaryscopeisinlarge

partunforeseen,exceptbythe

imaginationoftheUtopians（空想家）.

Letmerecallawell-knownexample.

IftheGreek