英语课后习题答案

Unit1DevelopingLanguageSkillsFurtherReading.2.UsingDictionariesExIslang6.prefixabbreviation7.suffixgeographicalname8.illustrativequotationtechnicalword9.synonymderivation10.antonym1.Many“good”DefinitionsⅠa)1b)6c)5d)3e)8f)2Ⅱa)Goodgrief!b)Ohgood!c)Goodluck!2.SQ3R1.A2.A3.B4.C5.B6.D7.D8.C3.LearningForeignLanguages1.A2.C3.C4.B5.AUnit2SightseeingHomeandAbroadFundamentalReadingBeijingExIpalace11.theImperialtemple12.theresidencesofleadersMongol13.theGateofHeavenlyPeaceemperor14.squareManchu15.paradethecentralcity16.fireworksdisplaysuburb17.commercialareafarmland18.residentialareatheemperor’shousehold19.theTempletheForbiddenCity20.tombsofMingemperorsExIIIAttheendofthe12thandthebeginningofthe13thcenturies,GenghisKhan,thefirstemperoroftheYuanDynasty,establishedtheMongolEmpire,alsoknownasChina’sYuanDynasty.ManchuguowasthepuppetregimeestablishedafterJapaneseinvasionofthethreeprovincesinnortheastChina.ConstructionontheForbiddenCitystartedfrom1406A.D,andendedin1420A.D.(the18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone).RestinthecenterofBeijing,thepalacecoversanareaof720,000squaremeters,extending961metersfromsouthtonorthand753metersfromeasttowest.Withmorethan9,000royalchambers,theForbiddenCityservedasthepalaceof24emperorsoveraperiodofmorethan500yearsfromtheMingtoQingDynasties.It’sthelargestandmostwell-preservedimperialpalaceandancientarchitectureinexistenceinChinaandtheworldaswell.TheGateofHeavenlyPeace,formerlyknownastheChengtianGate,servedasthemaingatetotheimperialcity.Itsconstructionwascompletedinthe18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone.Builtin1420A.D.,theTempleof1.ArrangingJourneys1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B2.Australia 1.D2.C3.A4.B5.D3.TourismTipsforEveryPartofChina1.A2.D3.D4.A5.A4.TheAcropolisofAthens1.A2.C3.C4.A5.DUnit5FolkloreandFolkArtFundamentalReadingFolkAreExI1.民谣ballad童话故事fairytale传奇故事legend神话故事myth民间故事folktale谚语/箴言proverb童谣nurseryrhyme谜语riddle迷信superstition灰姑娘CinderellaExIIFolkloreisanyofthecustomsandtraditionsthatdevelopfromanationoveralongperiodoftime.Itconsistsofcustoms,traditions,beliefsandsuchformsoforalliteratureasfairytales,folktales,riddles,proverbs,ballads,songsandsuperstitions.Italsoincludesartsandcrafts,traditionalgames,holidaycelebrationsandsoon.Proverbsaresomesayingsfrequentlyusedinoureverydaylife.Althoughproverbsaresimilartoidioms,theyarepopularandeasytounderstandwiththecharacteristicsofthespokenlanguage,completedideasintheformofoneortwoshortsentences.Chineseproverbsinvolvealargecontent.Theycanbedividedintovariouscategorieswithnumerousgoodexamples,ofwhichsomeconcernfarming,forexample,“ItistimetosowbeforeandaftertheFestivalofPureBrightness”,someothersconcernlogic,forexample,“Asyousow,sowillyoureap”,stillsomeothersconcernthegeneralknowledgeinourlife,forexample,“Walkaftereatingtoliveafitandlonglife”.Proverbs,likeidioms,asapartofthewholevocabularyofalanguage,canaddtofreshnessandvividnessoflanguage.3.ChineseFolkArtExI艺术创作artisticcreation种桑plantmulberrytrees养蚕toraisesilkworms刺绣embroidery染dye壁画mural（painting）陶器pottery捏面人doughsculpture剪纸papercut黄土高原LoessPlateau窑洞cavedwellings长寿longevity龙dragon凤phoenix向往美好生活yearnforabetterlife结婚礼服weddingdress洞房bridalchamber代代相传tohanddownfromgenerationtogeneration中国少数民族Chineseethnicminorities未婚夫fianceFurtherReading2.MonkeyKingOnlineExI多媒体multimedia光盘驱动器CD-ROM西游记JourneytotheWest.妖魔鬼怪demonsandmonsters唐僧theTangPriestXuanzang取经fetchingBuddhistscriptures花果山theMountainofFlowersandFruit水帘洞awaterfallinfrontofacliff美猴王theHandsomeMonkeyKing天兵天将troopsfromheaven/theheavenlygeneralsandsoldiers翻筋斗somersault大闹天宫makeHavocinHeaven金箍棒goldencudgel仙丹，长生不老药thepillsofimmortality玉皇大帝theJadeEmperorintheHeaven如来佛theBuddhaExIIThestoriesof“JourneytotheWest”arewidelyknownbyalmosteveryoneinChina.“JourneytotheWest”isaChinesefull-lengthfantasynovelinMingDynasty.IttellsofthehistoricalfactoftheTangPriestXuanzang’smissiontoancientIndiaforfetchingBuddhistscripturesescortedbySunWukongandhisotherdisciples,bearingthecharacteristicsoffairytales.MonkeyKingislovedbyeveryoneasaresourcefulandbraveherowhoscornsimperialpower,daretorebelandhavethesenseofhumor.“JourneytotheWest”includesthreeparts.ThesubjectofpartoneistheoriginofMonkeyKingandhowhemadehavocintheheaven.ParttwocontinueswiththeoriginoftheTangPriestXuanzangandthereasonsforhisjourneytothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.PartthreenarrateshowMonkeyKingwasconvertedtoBuddhismtoescorttheTangPriesttothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.Aftertheyhadexperiencedeighty-oneadversitiesontheirway,subduingvariousdemonsandmonstersandstrugglingagainstsinisternaturalconditions,theysucceededingettingtheBuddhistscripturesatlastandreachedtheBuddhistspiritualstateofanimmortal.3.What’sSoSpecialAboutDragon?ExI长寿longevity子孙(后裔)descendants图腾totem祖先forefather/ancestor吉祥物mascot大禹YutheGreat巫峡WuxiaGorge洪涝flood干旱drought(供奉猪、羊)祭祀tooffersacrificesofpigsandgoats11.龙王庙dragonkingtempleExIIIThedragon,springingfromtheancientChinesetotem,isconsideredthesymbolofChinesenationality.ItissaidthattheYellowEmperorandEmperorYanweresonsofdragons,soChinesealwayssaytheyare“descendantsofdragons”or“descendantsoftheYellowEmperorandEmperorYan”.Thedragondances,oneofthefolkdancesoftheChineseHannationality,havealonghistoryoftwothousandyears.Theygotthenamebecauseofthepatternsofdragonsthatthedancerscarryasprops.DragondancesarethemostpopularfolkdancesintheChinesetraditionalfestivals.Chinesecommunitiesintheworldshowtheirculturaltraditionsoftheircommunitiesthroughdragondances.1.

ClothProducts1.B2.C3.D4.A2.

AmericanFolkArt1.

F2.T3.T4.F5.F6.T3.DragoninDifferentCultures1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B4.

Beowulf1.Mostscholarsdatethepoemfromthe700’s,butsomedateitmuchclosertotheendoftheOldEnglishperiod.2.InalloldEnglishpoetry,accent(theemphasiswithwhichasyllableispronounced)andalliteration(wordsthatbeginwiththesamesound)areused.3.Beowulfisamightywarrior.4.Theyadmiredthequalitiesofstrength,courage,loyalty,andgenerosity.5.Beowulf,amedievalpoem,isthefirstgreatworkofEnglishLiterature.Unit6WaysofLifeFundamentalReading2.FoodGuidePyramidExI1.乳制品dairyproducts2.维生素vitamin3.碳水化合物carbohydrate4.营养nutrient5.纤维素fiber6.蛋白质protein7.矿物质mineral8.热量（卡）calorie9.消化系统digestivesystem10.家禽poultry11.钙calcium12.磷phosphorus13.锌zinc14.谷类食物cereal15.脂肪fat16.小吃，快餐snack1.BeautyContests1.C2.B3.A4.D2.AutomobilesChangethePatternofLiving1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A3.DesignersStruttingNewIdeas1.C2.B3.A4.C5.C6.D4.GettinginShape1.C2.C3.B4.B5.DUnit7PerceivingPlanetEarthFundamentalReading2.TheEcosystemExI1.生态系统ecologicalsystem2.生物圈biosphere1.食物链foodchain2.资源resource3.昆虫insect4.物种species5.微生物microbe6.藻类algae7.有机物organism8.光合作用photosynthesis9.菌类fungi10.草食动物herbivore3.ATheoryofEarth'sStructureExI1.火山爆发volcaniceruption2.岩浆magma3.地壳thecrust4.北冰洋theArcticOcean5.断裂带crack/fault6.板块漂移themovementoftheplates7.次大陆subcontinent8.喜马拉雅山脉theHimalayarange9.阿尔卑斯山theAlps10.安第斯山theAndes3.ThebalanceofNature大自然的平衡是一种精细而微妙的、克制与反克制的系统。气候的变化，新生命体的演变，动植物扩展到新的地区都会使这一系统不停地发生变化。谁曾料到扔掉一棵加拿大水蕴草会使英国二分之一的水运通道阻塞十年？谁曾料到把仙人掌送给移民的孤单的妻子会使澳大利亚东部一片片仙人掌泛滥成灾？谁会预言砍倒亚得里亚海岸或中非地区的森林会冲走裸露岩石上的土壤，使这些土地半沙漠化？谁能料到交通手段的进步会变化历史，使昏睡病传播到东非，麻疹传播到大洋洲，疟疾传播到古老的希腊？（译文）自然界的平衡ThebalanceofNature朱利安赫胥黎自然界的平衡是一种十分精密复杂而又敏感脆弱的克制与反克制体系，它总是伴随气候条件的变化，伴随新的生物体的形成，和伴随动植物蔓延入新的地区而持续不停地变化着。可是，在过去，这些变化大部分是很缓慢的，而自从文明人出现后来，变化的速度便增大了诸多倍。用以测量它们的时间标度；已经从合用于自然演化过程的、以一万年或十万年为计量单位的时间标度，转变成人类所使用的、以几百年甚至几十年为计量单位的时间标度。人类到处都在变化着自然界的平衡。他协助动植物进入新的地区，有时是故意的，有时是无意的。他正在用新的植物种类，或者用房屋、工厂、炉渣堆或其他的文明产物覆盖大片的土地。他使有些物种大批消灭，却导致有利条件使此外某些物种成倍地增长。总之，人类在五千年内比大自然在五百万年内做了更多的事来变化地球的生态。他所导致的许多变化已经产生了没有预料到的后果。谁能料到，扔掉一株加拿大水草会使英国的二分之一水路阻塞十年之久？谁又能料到，为那些移民们的寂寞的妻子提供一盆仙人掌会使澳大利亚东部的霸王树林蔓延成灾?谁能预示，砍去亚德里亚海滨或中非某些地区的森林会使泥土流失，剩余光秃秃的岩石，使“良田变成半沙漠?谁想得到，改善交通竞也会传播疾病——使昏睡症传入了东非，麻疹传入了大洋洲，古希腊的疟疾很也许也是别处传入的——从而变化了历史的发展。这都是些令人瞩目的例子，规模较小的例子则到处可见。我们为某些稀有鸟类设置了自然保护区，规定保障所有物种的绝对安全；其成果却也许是某些一般而又易生存的鸟类大量繁殖，逐出了我们直正感爱好的宝贵品种。我们看到，由于现代文明带来的某些小变化，使英国到处出现了成群结队的燕八哥。我们提高了牛的生育能力，目前却发现它们耗竭了过去足以养活那些对生存条件不那么苛求的牲畜的牧场。，我们得意地着手捕杀危害家畜的食肉动物，攫食家禽及野味的苍鹰，但发现这样做却使啃噬农民收益的老鼠和其他啮齿动物无限制地繁殖起来。1.EarthDay1.TheEarthSiteinInternet.2.TogetattentionfortheEarthDayidea.3.AllindividualsandinstitutionshaveamutualresponsibilitytonowactasTrusteesofEarth,seekingthechoicesinecology,economicsandethicsthatwilleliminatepollution,povertyandviolence,fosterpeacefulprogress,awakenthewonderoflife,andrealizethebestpotentialforthefutureofthehumanadventure.4.TakeactionfortheEarthDayidea.5.JohnMcConnell.6.OnMarch20.2.VolcanoesandtheirBenefits1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A3.Earth’sInterior1.C2.C3.A4.C5.C6.B7.C8.D4.VolcanicFireandGlacialIce1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.AUnit8SolvingSocialProblems1.SocialProblemsinNewYorkCityExIsocialproblempovertycrimeratedrugaddictionracialconflictwelfareprogrammedicalcaredrugaddictburglarywell-payingjob(well-paidjob)segregatedneighborhoodminoritygroup2.AIDSanditsPreventionExIAIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)immunesystemsymptominfectedbloodthemosteffectivepreventivestrategyhealthauthoritydrugusershareinjectionequipment(sharesyringe)publichealthagencyvaccinedrugabusehealthclinicAmericanRedCrossWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)monitorWorldAIDSDayprotectiveclothingJuvenileDelinquencyExIjuveniledelinquencyjuveniledelinquent/juvenileoffender/younglawbreakertherateofjuvenilecrimeautomobiletheftcurfewalcoholicbeveragejuvenilecourtcriminalcourttrylegalagestreetganglawbreaker/offenderreform/rehabilitateoffenderaccusesb.ofsthfamilyrelationshipdelinquencystudiessociologistalcoholismbrokenhomejuvenilelow-incomegroupcounselingservicerecreationalcenterFurtherReadingSafetyPrecautionsExImindone’sownbusinessstayawayfromdarkplacesapopulatedareaadesertedlocalityloiterpeepholefireescapeidentificationcard/identitycardcommonsensesafeguardmasterkeylocksmithPopulationExplosionExIpopulationexplosionbirthratedeathratelivingconditionsindustrialcountryruralareaagriculturalcountrylow-incomecountryfoodproductionfaminepopulationgrowthhigh-yieldcropvarietytheGreenRevolutionequaldistributionofexistingresourcesgohungrypopulationcontrolreplacementlevelzeropopulationgrowthDrugAbuseExIdrugabusealcoholicbeveragetobaccoprescriptiondrugcocainemarijuanaheroinopiatehallucinogenicdrugdesignerdrugmalnutritionTestReading1.Vandalism1.D2.C3.B4.D5.A2.ProblemsofCounterfeit1.moreandmorefalsemoneyappearedathomeandabroad.2.Theyplacedaspecialthreadintotheleftsideofeachpieceofpapermoneyvaluedat10dollarsormore.3.ItwillbethepictureofthefamousAmericanoneachbill.4.be50%largerandmovedalittletooneside5.Itwillnotberecalledorreducedinvalue.6.theAmericanTreasuryDepartmentwillchangethelookofAmericanpapermoneytopreventcounterfeiters.3.ComputerCrime1.C2.A3.A4.D