独立主格结构讲解及练习

PAGE4-独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（AbsoluteStructure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1.名词(代词)+现在分词例句：Thestormdrawingnear，thenavvydecidedtocallitaday．Thestormdrawingnear在句中作：原因状语＝Sincethestormwasdrawingnear，thenavvydecidedtocallitaday．由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（callitaday今天到此为止）

例句：Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.Wintercoming在句中作：伴随状语=Thewintercomes,anditgetscolderandcolder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。Timepermitting,Iwillgowithyou.独立主格作：条件状语=改写：Iftimepermits,Iwillgowithyou.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。Thegirlstaringathim,hedidn’tknowwhattosay.独立主格作：时间状语=改写：Asthegirlstaredathim,hedidn’tknowwhattosay.2.名词(代词)+过去分词例句：Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.

他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。例句：Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。造句：工作完成后，他回家了。Theworkdone,hewentbackhome.=Whentheworkwasdone,hewentbackhome.3.名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。例句：Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。例句：Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ourschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。造句：还有很多作业要做，我不能和你走。Alotofhomeworktodo,Ican’tgowithyou.4.名词(代词)+形容词Computersverysmall,wecanusethemwidely.电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。hestoodsilentinthenoonsunlight,itsdooropen.5.名词(代词)+副词Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。造句：Thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.6.名词(代词)+名词Hisfirstshotfailure，hefiredagain．他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。7.名词(代词)+介词短语Thehuntsmanenteredtheforest,guninhand.那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。三、with，without引导的独立主格结构with(without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.①Totellyouthetruth,Imadeamistakeinthewordspelling.说实话,我犯了一个拼写错误。

单项填空1.Thelecture______,helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathis

leavingdisturbedthespeaker.

A.began

B.beginning

C.havingbegun

D.beingbeginning2.Such______thecase,Ihavenootherchoices.

A.being

B.is

C.was

D.tobe3.Darkness______in,theyoungpeoplestrolledonthestreets.

A.set

B.setting

C.hasset

D.wasset4.Withallfactors______,wethinkthisprogrammaybebetterthanalltheothersinachievingthegoal.A.beingconsidered

B.considering

C.considered

D.areconsidered5.Anewtechnique______,theproductionincreasedby20percent.A.tohavebeenworkedout

B.havingworkedoutC.workingout

D.havingbeenworkedout6.Onthetopwastheclearoutlineofagreatwolfsittingstill,ears______,alert,listening.A.pointed

B.pointing

C.arepointed

D.arepointing7.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork______,wedidn’taccepttheoffer.A.notbeingfinished

B.nothavingfinishedC.hadnotbeenfinished

D.wasnotfinished8.Therearevariouskindsofmetals,each______itsownproperties(特性).A.has

B.had

C.tohave

D.having9.Theoldmanstoodunderabigtree,______.

A.apipeinmouth

B.withapipeinmouthC.pipeinmouth

D.pipeinhismouth10.Theproduction______steadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial(原料).A.hasgoneup

B.isgoingup

C.havinggoneup

D.beinggoneup11．Thelecture____，helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker．

A．beganB．beginning

C．havingbegunD．beingbeginning

12．Such___thecase，therearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints．

A．beingB．is

C．wasD．tobe

13．Withallfactors_____，wethinkthisprogrammayexcel（胜出）alltheothersinachievingthegoal．

A．beingconsidered

B．consideringC．considered

D．areconsidered

14．Anewtechnique

____，theyields（产量）asawholeincreasedby20percent．

A．tohavebeenworkedout

B．havingworkedoutC．workingout

D．havingbeenworkedout

II.用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误1.Beingfreezingcold,shehadtodressherselfinwarmclothes.2.Havingfinishedhishomework,wewentho