关系代词的用法及练习(附答案)

关系代词1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：

Thegirltowhom

Ispokeismycousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom

既代表先行词thegirl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）

2、关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that

可指人也可指物，

见表：

指人指物指人或物主格whowhichthat宾格whomthatthat属格whosewhose/ofwhichofwhich/whose例如：

Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)

Hecamebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。

（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）

★关系代词的用法

1、关系代词的句法功能

1）关系代词在句中作主语

例如：Iprefermusicthat/whichhasgreatlyrics

2）关系代词在句中作宾语

例如：IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.

3）关系代词在句中作表语

例如：Thehouseisnottheone(that)itusedtobe.

2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语

例如：Isshetheteacherwhosehairisveryshort?

3、关系代词的用法

1）who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom

在定语从句中作宾语。Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而who则不能。

例如：Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(who/whom)Igottoknowataparty

intheshoppingcenteryesterday.

2）whose的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。

例如：IhavegotafriendwhosebrotheristrainingfortheOlymoics.

3）which的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。

例如：ThephotowhichwelikedbestwastakenbyZhaoMin.

4）that的用法：指人或物，指人时可与who、whom互换，指物时可与that互换。在

从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。

例如：Itisabook(that/which)noonereallylikes.

4、用who不用that的情况

1）先行词是指人的不定代词时

例如：Congratulationstoourwinnersandthankstoeveryonewhoentered

thecompetitions.

2）先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时

例如：Theboywascryinghardwholosthiswaywhilelookingforhismother.

3）用在therebe结构中。

例如：Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.

4）避免重复或引起歧义。

例如：ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisournewheadmasterwhohasjustcomefromShanghan.

5）当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用语谚语之中）。

例如：Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned.

6）先行词如是指成员的集体名词，关系代词也用who。

例如：Thefamily,wholiveupstairs,arefondofmusic.

7）先行词如是拟人化名词，关系代词也可用who。

例如：Youwillseetheworkerants,whogatherfoodforthemselvesandforalltheothers.

8）先行词指特定的人时，关系代词多用who，不指特定的人时多用that。

例如：Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’ssister.

Peoplethathavenotbeenproperlytrainedcan’tdothiskindofqork.

5、在以下情况中，关系代词用that

1）先行词为all,little,few,none及some-,any-,no-与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。

例如：Thereisnothingthatwillstopusmakingprogress.

2）先行词前有only,some,any等形容词修饰时，只能用that。

例如：Thisistheonlyproblemthatwecan’tworkout.

3）先行词前由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。

例如：ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.

4）先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用他和她，

例如：LuXunandhisworksthatwearefamiliarwithareconsideredgreat.

6、只能用which不能用that的情形

1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which

例如：Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.

2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which

例如：Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.

3）先行词本身就是that时

例如：Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.

7、介词与关系代词

1）与关系代词搭配的介词的确定

（1）依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。

Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.

（2）依据先行词的某种下滚搭配来确定。

I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.

（3）根据所表达的意思确定。

Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.

（4）在英语中有时为了强调某一名词，关系代词前也加上介词。

Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuyapiano.

2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置

1）关系代词whom，which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了

使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

Theoldmanwhomthenursesarelookingafterisverywellnow.

2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。

Isthisthewatchwhichheislookingfor?

3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway?

4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。

Thebossinwhosecompanymyfatherworkedisaverykindperson.

3、“名词/数词/代词/介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词one/two/some/many/the+最高

级…+of+which/whom。

Ihavetwosisters,bothofwhomareteachers.NAME:DATE:RelativePronounSubjectObjectPossessiveHumanwho,thatwho,whom,that,Φwhose,ofwhomNonhumanswhich,thatwhich,that,Φwhose,ofwhich用关系代词引导的的定语从句Thisisthethief(that/who/whom)wearelookingforthesedays.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasefindaroomwhichisbigenoughforallofustolivein.关系代词只能用that的情况1)先行词是all,theonly,thevery,no,any,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词。Eg1.Allthathesaidistrue.Eg2.Heistheonlyforeignerthathascomehere.2)先行词是序数词thefirst,second,third,four,thelast或被序数词修饰的词。Eg.Shewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰的词。Eg.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.4)先行词又有人又有物的时候。Eg.Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatheremembered.先行词为way时的限定性定语从句由that,inwhich,Φ引导。Eg1.Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspoke.=Idon’tlikehowyouspoke.Eg2.Thewayinwhichhespoketouswassuspicious.先行词指人，关代只能用who的情况先行词是one,ones,anyone。Eg.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.先行词是those。Eg.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere..先行词指物，关代只能用which的情况1)非限定性定语从句Eg.Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.2)介词后Eg.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who指人，that指物。Eg1.Doyouknowthewomanwhoisweepinginthecorner?Eg2.Donottellmeanywordsthathavenothingtodowithme.关系代词作从句的宾语时，常用which或whom,且关系代词常常省略。Eg.Iwasinvitedbythehost(whomImet)atJoe’shouse.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Eg.关系代词在定从中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschoolwhichheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.1)当关系代词紧跟在介词后面，必须用which或whom，而当介词移到句尾时，可以用that或who。Eg.ThisistheroominwhichMissLioncelived.=ThisistheroomwhichMissLioncelivedin.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词后面。Eg.Lookfor,lookafter,takecareofEg.ThisisthewatchwhichIamlookingfor.代词/数词+介词+关系代词Eg1.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Eg2.Chinahasalotofislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.限定性定语从句遇非限定性定语从句限定性定从对被修饰的先行词有限定作用，使该词更具体明确，不能省略，否则主句句意不完整。非限定性定从对被修饰的先行词作附加说明，不起限定作用，可以省略，主句句意仍完整。Eg1.Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.(限)Eg2.ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.(非限)Eg3.Shesangasong,whichwelikedverymuch.(非限)Eg4.TheEnglishparty,whichwasheldinourschool,wasgood.(非限)·MultipleChoice1-5DDDDA6-10BABAC11-12DC1.Thethief(_______stolethebicycle)hasbeencaught.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.thatorwho2.Showmetheroad_______leadstotherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.thatorwhich3.He(_______doeshisbest)shouldberewarded.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whoorthat4.Mygrandfather(_______Iloved)isdead.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom5.Kalidas,_______wrotesomefinedramasinSanskrit,isoftencalledtheShakespeareofIndia.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whoorthat6.Heisarogue(_______noonetrusts).A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which7.Thatboy(_______youseethere)singsverywell.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whomorthat8.Coal,(_______isaveryusefulmineral,)isfoundinmanypartsofIndia.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whoorthat9.John(_______singsverywell)ispopularamongthegirls.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whoorthat10.Weboughtsomeapplesfrom_______weextractedthejuice.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseIhavetwogrammarbooks,_______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.bothofthatC.eitherofwhichD.bothofwhichThisisoneofthebestfilms____________.thathavebeenshownthisyearwhichhavebeenshownthisyearthathasbeenshownthisyearwhichhasbeenshownthisyearTheonlything_______wecandonowistokeepcalm.thatTheflowers(_______youboughtyesterday)wereplacedinthebedroom.that/whichItisoneofthebestfilms_____Ieverseen.thatThegirl(____issittingunderthebigtree)isMary’scousin.whoHehasadog(_____canrunveryfast).which/thatMaryhasanuncle_____storeisinTaipei.whoseIstillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers(_____IvisitedinLondonyearsago).whomThelady(_____washerelastweek)ismybestfriend.who/thatABiteofChinaisthemostfunnyone(______Ihaveeverseen).thatTommycouldn’tstopthinkingabouttheboy(______madehimafoolinthewholeofclass).whoMyneighboristheman(____T-shirtisred).whoseHefailedintheexamination,_____madehisfatherveryangry.whichHetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons______theyrememberedinAmerica.thatSomeoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.whichIknowaman(_____doesn’tworkveryhard).whoIdon’tlikeanimals_____havefourlegs.which/thatThestudents(_____cametoschoollate)havetostandoutside.·CombinethesentencesShelikesthestudent.

Thestudentgavesomeflowerstoher.Example:Shelikesthestudentwhogavesomeflowerstoher.1.Idon’tknowtheman.

ThemanistalkingtoMary.Idon’tknowthemanwhoistalkingtoMary.ThemanthatIdon’tknowistalkingtoMary.2.Themanismyfather.

Themanisreadinganewspaper.Themanwhoisreadinganewspaperismyfather.3.TheboyisTom.

Theboylikestotalkinclass.Theboy(that/wholikestotalkinclass)isTom.4.Takethepencils.

Thepencilsareinmypencilbox.Takethepencilswhichareinmypencilbox.5.Ihaveaclass.

Theclassbeginsat8:00inthemorning.Ihaveaclassthatbeginsat8:00inthemorning.6.Theballisred.

Theballisunderthetree.Theballthat/whichisunderthetreeisred.7.Ireadthebook.Thebookisaboutanimals._Ireadthebookthatisaboutanimals.小试牛刀，看看你掌握了关系代词的用法吗？Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom2.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which3.Thebooktellsstori