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LowVisionAids...LowVisionAids...1WhoarealllowvisionpatientHavingvisionlessthan6/18inbettereyeHavingvision6/6butfieldofvisionislessthan20Havingvision6/6,fieldofvisionisnormal,butcontrastsensitivityispoor...Whoarealllowvisionpatient2Whoneedrehabilitation?PatienthavingsomevisionthatpatientsneedLVdevicePatienthavinglessthan3/60,thatpatientwantsmobilitytraining...Whoneedrehabilitation?Patien3CausesMaculardegenerationDiabeticRetinopathyGlaucomaCornealdiseaseNeurologicaldisordersAlbinismRPOpticatrophyAchromatopsiaRetinalproblems...CausesMaculardegeneration...4LowvisionExaminationCaseHistoryRRFieldContrastsensitivityGlareTrialoflowvisiondeviceInstructionPrescriptionFollow-up...LowvisionExaminationCaseHis5TreatmentOpticalaidsNon-opticalaidsElectronicaids...TreatmentOpticalaids...6MagnificationRelativesizemagnificationPhysicallyenlargingthesizeofanobjectoftheretinaRelativedistancemagnificationMovingtheobjectofregardstowardsthepatient...MagnificationRelativesizemag7AngularmagnificationRatiooftheangleofsubstanceoftheimageformedbyanopticalinstrumentcomparedtotheactualobject.E.g..Telescope...AngularmagnificationRatioof8OpticalAidsTelescopeSpectacleHandMagnifierStandMagnifierPocketMagnifierPrismosphere...OpticalAidsTelescope...9Distancevision
TelescopesGalileanKeplerian...Distancevision
Telescopes...10Galilean+Objective,-eyepieceLowpower(2xto4x)Lighter,lessexpensiveLargeexitpupil...Galilean+Objective,-eyepie11Keplarian+objective,+eyepiecePrismtoinvertimageHigherpowersavailablePoorlightgathering...Keplarian+objective,+eyepi12TypesHandheldtelescopesClipontelescopesSpectaclemountedtelescopes...TypesHandheldtelescopes...13HandheldPortableSpottingintermediate&distanceMonocularInexpensive...HandheldPortable...14Clipon2.5xto4xDistanceandnearSomehandheldcanbeplacedinflip-upclip...Clipon2.5xto4x...15Spectaclemounted1.7xto8xSpecialorderBiopticFulldiameterWideangleExpandedfieldwhencomparedtoothersItisalsoavailableheaddowntype...Spectaclemounted1.7xto8x...16AdvantagesoftelescopesDistance,intermediateornearVariableworkingdistanceMonocular&binocularSpectaclemountedandhandheldIdealrange-2xto4x...AdvantagesoftelescopesDistan17DisadvantageinTelescopeDisadvantagesRestrictedfield ReducedlightgatheringLimiteddepthoffocusRequiresco-ordinationAppearanceandcostfactor...DisadvantageinTelescopeDisad18ProblemswithopticalsystemSmallfieldofviewWhenmagnificationincreasescontrastwillbedecreaseCloseworkingdistanceLightingandglareMoreaberrations...ProblemswithopticalsystemSm19OpticalaidsavailablehereTelescope3x;4x2xhandheldmagnifier2xbarmagnifier3xhandheldilluminatedmagnifierPocketmagnifier(3x,6x)5.0dshandheldilluminatedmagnifier4xwidefieldstandmagnifier6xcutawaystandmagnifier...OpticalaidsavailablehereTel20Kestenbaum’sruleTheinverseofthevisualacuity=theaddrequiredtoread1mpoint6/60=+10.0ds...Kestenbaum’sruleTheinverse21SpectacleAdvantagesHandsfreeWidefieldProlongedreadingMonocularorbinocular...SpectacleAdvantages...22DisadvantagesFixingreadingdistanceClosereadingdistancePositioningandpostureHeadpain...DisadvantagesFixingreadingdi23HandMagnifiersAdvantagesVariableeyelensdistanceNormalreadingdistanceAllowsforeccentricviewingMayhaveownlightsourceIdealrange10to20dpts...HandMagnifiersAdvantages...24HandMagnifier
DisadvantagesReducedfieldofviewBothhandsoccupiedCriticalfocusdistanceMotionmagnified(tremor,arthritis)Illuminationreflected...HandMagnifier
Disadvantages..25StandMagnifiersAdvantagesMayhaveownlightsourceLensdistancestabilizedonpageIdealforstroke,tremor,arthritispatientsIdealstandrange12–24dptsIlluminatedstandrange16to28dpts...StandMagnifiersAdvantages...26StandMagnifiers
DisadvantagesReducedfieldofviewRequiresco-ordinationNeedtouseappropriateglassesIlluminationblockedandreflectedbylensNotbeaportable...StandMagnifiers
Disadvantages27PrismsphereglassesAdvantages+5.0ds&6.0ds,8.0dsprismospheres4xdomemagnifierAspheric,+16.0ds,+22.0ds,+24.0ds2.5standmagnifier...PrismsphereglassesAdvantage28DisadvantagesVerycloseReadingStandardreadingdistance...DisadvantagesVerycloseReadin29NonOpticalAidsTintsIlluminationfluorescentlampIncandescentNeodymiumbulbHalogenlightContrastBlackpenTyposcope(black&whitecontrast
)Moneyfinder...NonOpticalAidsTints...30ElectronicaidsCTV–closedcircuittelevisionsallowprintedhandwrittenandgraphicmaterialtobeelectronicallydisplayed,magnifiedandenhancedonatelevisionmonitor.Contrastcanbeincreasedandtheimagepolarityreversedallowingwhiteletterstobedisplayedonablackbackgroundorthereverse.Patientsalsohaveachoiceofcolordisplatts....ElectronicaidsCTV–closedci31HowtoprescribereadingglairsBestrefractionGivecorrectaddpowerfornearMakesurepatie
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