状语从句,名词性从句

状语从句状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。一、时间状语从句：引导词有after，before，as，once，since，till，until，when，whenever，while，assoonas，themoment/minute…（一…就），thetime,theday,everytime,nexttime,eachtime，bythetimeof，nosooner.・・than（一…就），hardly.・・when（一…就）.例如：Each/Everytimehecomeshere,hewilldropinonme.每次他来这儿他都顺便看我.HewasilllasttimeIsawhim.上次我见到他时他病了.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshecried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.［辨析］when与whilewhen引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的，while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的；在“be.・.when…”句式中when表“atthattime（就在这时）”意，这样用的when不能换为while；while有时并不表示时间，而表示对比，意“而”、“却”,when无这样的用法。例如：WhenIgothomeIfoundthedoorlocked./While(或When)wewereworkinginthefields,itsuddenlybegantorain./Hewaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenabikehithim./Hispencilisred,whilemineisyellow.［辨析］till与until一般情况下可以互换，但until可以位于句首，till则不能。例如：Untilitstopsraining，thechildrencanDtgoout.雨停了，孩子们才能出去.=Notuntiltherainstopscanthechildrengoout.二、地点状语从句引导词有where,wherever例如：IDllgowhereverthepeoplewantmetogo.(wherever=toanyplacewhere)Heworkswherehisgrandfatherfought.(where=intheplacewhere)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where=Intheplacewhere）三、原因状语从句引导词有because,since,as,now（that）（既然）回答以why提出的问题时，只能用because,而不能用as等。since=now(that),表“既然”意，表示已知的或明显的原因，由此加以推论。例如：Nowthat/Sinceyouarefreetoday,youmayhavearestathomeorgooutforawalk.for是一个并列连词，用来连接两个并列句，引导的句子是对前面一句话的内容的推测或补充说明。例如：Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswet./Thedayhasbroken,forthebirdsaresinging.（这两句中的for都不可换为because或as,since等。）四、目的状语引导词有sothat,inorderthat,that,incase(免得，以防)。目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等情态动词。例如：Heranasfastaspossibleinorderthathecouldcatchthebus.PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.«=i请明天再提醒我一下，以免我忘记。«=i五、方式（或比较）状语从句引导词有as,asif,asthough,than,as/so…as,themore.・・themore.例如：Tomisnotso/astallasJohn.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.HerunsfasterthanI.注：as…as既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句，so…as只能用于否定句。六、结果状语从句引导词有so…that,such.•・that,sothat.例如：Heworkssohardthathemakesgreatprogressinhisstudies.It’ssuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.There’snotanynoiseheresothatIfeelverycomfortable.第3个例句中sothat从句不是目的状语从句，从结构上看没有can,may等情态动词，从意思上看Ifeelverycomfortalbe是There’snotanynoise的结果.七、条件状语从句弓I导词有if,unless,as/solongas,onconditionthat,incase（如果）等，从句的时态用一般现在时（含现在完成时），一般过去时（含过去完成时）分别代替一般将来时和过去将来时。例如：Ifitrainstomorrow』wontgothere.Hesaidhewouldnotgobackhomeunlesshehadachievedalot.I’llstudysolongas.I’malive.Incasehecomes,letmeknow.如果他来的话，告诉我一声。If引导的条件句可以是真实性条件句，也可以是司嗔实性条件句（用于虚拟语气）八、让步状语从句引导词有though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+what/who/when/…等。例如：Though/Althoughheisill,hestillgoestoschool.Shestartedherexperiment,eventhoughshehadlittlemoney.Whateveryoufound,youmustturnitin.Howeverhardheworked,hehardlymadeanyprogress.as作“尽管”意时，一般将其句中的表语放在句首，例如：Youngasheis,heknowsalot.=Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.若表语为名词，冠词要省略，例如：Childas/thoughheis,hehasrememberedalotofEnglishwords.(此句中though不可换为although)although或though不能与but同时出现在一个复合句中，但是“Although/Though^,(and)yet…”句式却是正确的。例如：Althoughitisrainingheavily,yettheyarerepairingthebridge.名词从句名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：宾语从句：Idon’tknowherehewillgo.主语从句：Wherehewillgoisunknown.表语从句：Theproblemishowwecangetsomuchmoney.同位语从句：Weallfeelsorryaboutthenewsthathefailedinthegame.下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：asBu||ee*jeqynq|jeqieqMinoqeAjjom| jeqieqM49(fr)aeuioohimeqjeqieqMeepiou新叫|:M。仙回W星国回昔怆(£)aqo[eieBueoeqjeqieqMsiuieiqojd叫1同。轻回*＜里举昔怆(3)a(s|uueisqiuomseqeqn/jeqieqMumou)|ious：u可)・umoi»|ious|S|uue)eqiuomseq叫jemeqM 。仙具厚理百'厚W墨丰皆15(L)例如:Thathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetitionsurprisedallofus.Itsurprisedallofusthathegotthefirstplaceinthecompetition.例如：Itissuggestedthatwe(should)improvetherelationsbetweenus.Itisapitythatone(should)stayinoneplaceallone’slife.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings（缺点）例如：Thereasonwhyhedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.

引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what=thething(s)that.例如： t无意义Itwastoldinyesterday’snewspaperthatwhatthestudentshaddonewaspraisedbythefactory.无意义Thatheworkshardathislessonsisknowntousall.AllIaskisthatyoushouldtellthetruth.Heisnotwhat(=thepersonthat)heusedtobe.他和以前大不相同了。where在名词从句中有时可以变为“theplacewhere”，有时可以变为“介词+theplacewhere”形式。例如：主从：Where(=Theplacewhere)shehasgoneisstillunknown.宾从：Wouldyoupleasetellmewhere(=theplacewhere)MrSmithlives?表从：Yourdictionaryremainswhere(=in/attheplacewhere)youput.同位从：Haveyouanyideawhere(=oftheplacewhere)sheisspendingherholidays?Iknoww