抗生素的安全使用（英文）dobugsneeddrugs

DoBugsNeedDrugs?ACommunityProgramforWiseUseofAntibiotics

AntibioticsMostsignificantdiscoveryofmodernmedicineSavemillionsoflivesCausedbyoveruseandmisuseofantibioticsLimitseffectivenessofantibioticsPatientswithresistantinfectionscannotbetreatedAntibioticResistance75%ofantibioticsprescribedforrespiratorytractinfections50%ofantibioticprescriptionsareinappropriateMostrespiratorytractinfectionsarecausedbyvirusesAntibioticsdonotworkagainstvirusesAntibioticsinthe

CommunityCanadiansurvey,NIPA,200253%ofadultsbelieveantibioticsareeffectiveagainstvirusesMisconceptionsHealthCanada,CCAR,1997Decreaseantibioticprescriptionsforrespiratorytractinfectionsby25%National

MandateHealthcareprofessionals,public,students,childcarecentres,seniorsStartedOctober1998MultistakeholderprogramACommunityProgramforWiseUse

ofAntibioticsWashyourhands! Handwashingisthebestwaytostopthespreadofinfections.Notallbugsarecreatedequal. Antibioticsworkagainstbacteria,

butnotagainstviruses.Useantibioticswisely. Bacteriacanbecomeresistanttoantibiotics.KeyMessagesHandwashing Handwashing80%ofcommoninfectionsspreadbyhandsMosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofrespiratorytractinfectionsGoodBacteriaGoodbacterialiveontheskinandinthemouthandintestinesDonotcausedisease

NoteasilyremovedbyhandwashingProtectagainstdisease-causingbacteriaandvirusesBadGermsUsuallysurvivelessthan24hoursEasilyremovedbyhandwashingCanbeeitherbacteriaorvirusesCausediseaseHowdirtyarethings?

UniversityofArizonastudyTucson,Chicago,SanFrancisco

Contamination(%)Playground 44Busrails 35PublicRestrooms 25Pens(shared) 16VendingMachines 14Publicphones* 13*homephonesmorecontaminatedHoweasyisittotransmitgerms?10millionE.coli0157.H7Pattingcontaminatedgroundbeef1,000–100,000bacteriatohandsTouchingpatientshoulderMeasuringbloodpressureTelephoneandobservationalhandwashingsurveysSeptember2005/6000+people91%saytheywashtheirhands83%actuallydo90%women/75%menDopeoplereallywash?AmericanSocietyforMicrobiologyDoesitwork?RyanM,HealthNavalResearchCenter,SanDiegoRecruitsorderedtowashhandsatleast5times/day45%reductioninrespiratoryillnessLeeM,CanadianJournalofInfection,TorontoNursingstudentswashedhandsatleast7times/dayReducednumberofinfections/coldsKarachiStudy-2005SquattersettlementsThreegroups:nosoapplainsoapantimicrobialsoapGroupsreceivingsoap:50%reductioninpneumonia53%reductionindiarrhea34%reductioninimpetigoNobenefitinusingantibacterialsoapBeforemeals/foodpreparationAfterusingthetoilet/helpingachildusethetoiletBeforeandafterchangingdiapersAfterblowingnose/helpingachildwitharunnynoseAfterplayorhandlingsharedobjectsBeforeinserting/removingcontactlensesBeforeflossingyourteethWhentoWashHandsWetyourhandsApplysoapRubhandstogetherfor20seconds SingTwinkle,TwinkleSongRinsefor10secondsDrywithatowelUsetoweltoturnofftapsandopenthedoorHowtoWashHandsSoapDoesnothaveantibioticsRemovesdirtandgreasethatattractbadgermsDoesnotpromoteantibacterialresistanceUseplainsoapAntibacterialsoappromotesantibioticresistanceAntibacterialsoapaddsantibioticstotheenviromentNomoreeffectivethanplainsoapSoapAntibacterialsoapnotrecommendedHandDryingRemoves42%moregermsthanwashingaloneUsecleantowelsAvoidsharingtowelsHotairdryerspromotebacterialgrowthbecausehandsareleftwarmandmoist

HandwashingBestwaytostopthespreadofrespiratorytractinfectionsTMAlcohol-basedgels(≥60%alcohol)DonotcauseantibioticresistanceKillmanybacteriaandvirusesNoteffectiveagainstmanygermsthatcausediarrheaShouldnotreplacesoapandwater.Notneededinthehome.AlcoholhandrubsNotAllBugsAre

CreatedEqualNotAllBugsAre

CreatedEqualBothvirusesandbacteriacauserespiratorytractinfectionsMostrespiratorytractinfectionsarecausedbyvirusesViralInfectionsMostrespiratorytractinfectionsarecausedbyvirusesViralinfectionsmakeyoufeelsickalloveryourbodyColdsandflu,andmostsorethroats,coughsandsinusinfectionsarecausedbyvirusesAntibioticsDONOT

workagainstvirusesLesscommonthanviralinfectionsDonotspreadaseasilyfromonepersontoanotherUsuallyaffectonlyonepartofthebodyPneumoniaandStrepthroatarecausedbybacteriaAntibioticsDOworkagainstbacteriaBacterial

InfectionsAntibiotic

ResistanceAntibiotic

ResistanceAntibioticskillmostbacteriabutsomeareabletosurviveSurvivingbacteriahave“antibioticresistance〞AntibioticresistantbacteriacannotbekilledbythatantibioticAntibiotic

ResistanceTakingantibioticswhentheyarenotneededmakesyourgoodbacteriaresistantAntibioticresistancecanbetransferredfromonebacteriumtoanother,includingbadbacteriathatcausediseaseAntibiotic

ResistanceAntibioticswillnotworkagainstbacteriawithantibioticresistancePeoplecandiefromantibioticresistantinfectionsAntibiotic

ResistanceBacteriahaveantibioticresistancewhentheycannotbekilledbyanantibiotic.Remember,itisthebacteriathatareresistant

NOTYOU!

FeverHelpsthebodyfightinfectionOccurswithmostrespiratorytractinfectionsOccurswithbothviralandbacterialinfectionsCold/RunnyNoseColdsarecausedbyvirusesMostcoldsareassociatedwithasorethroatoracoughFluidfromthenosebecomesyellow/greenafter2-3days Thisdoesnotmeanitisabacterialinfection

InfluenzaInfluenzaiscausedbyavirusPreventionofinfluenza:InfluenzavaccineFrequenthandwashingStayawayfromschoolorworkSoreThroatMostsorethroatsareduetovirusesOccasionallyasorethroatmaybeduetoStreptococcusbacteriaTheonlywaytodiagnoseStrepthroatiswithathroatswab.EarAche70-80%ofearinfectionsgetbetterwithoutantibioticsInchildrenover2yearsofage-useacetaminophenfor48-72hoursHandwashingisthebestpreventionforearinfectionssincemostearinfectionsoccurafteracoldSinusitisViralsinusitisisupto200timesmorecommonthanbacterialsinusitisYellow/greennasaldischargelastingmorethan10da