高中英语人教版一轮学案模块一第2讲形容词副词和比较等级

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。第2讲形容词、副词和比较等级Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpinkcoloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.2.(2019·天津高考)Noonewantstoliveanextremely(extreme)longlifewithalotofchronicdiseases.3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannonrunners.4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Hescreamstheloudest(loud)ofall.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·天津高考)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon’thavetoreadthebookifwedon’twantto,asitisoptional(可选择的).2.(2020·江苏高考)TheoutbreakofCOVID19hasmeantanabruptchange(突然的变化)inourlifeandwork.

3.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)TodayItriedcookingasimpledish(一道简单的菜)myself.

4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Seeyousoon(待会儿见).

1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithard(狠狠地踢)backtotheplayground.

2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestedin(变得对……感兴趣)playingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.

3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediately(立刻),Iraisedmyhand.

4.(2018·天津高考)Mostofusobservedmuchmore(多)aschildrenthanwedoasadults.

语法填空五谨记1.看到空格处修饰的是名词,要想到用形容词。2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,要想到用副词。3.看到与than连用,要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。4.看到and,or,but等并列连词前或后用的比较级,要想到用比较级。5.看到语境中暗含比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。形容词和副词的句法功能1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词,表示事物或人的性质和特征。可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。※Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.(作定语)※IknowheistoooptimisticbutIdon’twanttodepresshim.(作表语)※Theroomwasfoundverydirty.(作主语补足语)※Optimismmakesalifehappierandmoremeaningful.(作宾语补足语)※Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.(作状语)【点津】(1)通常只作表语的形容词:①以“a”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的,alone孤单的,alive活着的,alike相似的,ashamed羞愧的,awake醒着的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒服的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子。可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。※Wheneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachershelpuspatiently.(作状语)※Thetidewasoutandtheywalkedamongtherockpools.(作表语)※Unfortunately,Iwasstillveryclumsybehindthewheelofthejeep.(作状语)【点津】(1)有些副词并不修饰动词,而是修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:表递进besides,further,then,moreover等表结果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表转折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表对比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列举first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等表时间meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有两种形式的副词其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。QUOTE形容词和副词的相互转化1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀ly构成。主要变化规律:转换方法例词一般情况,在形容词词尾直接加lyreal—really;helpful—helpfully以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加lybusy—busily;angry—angrily;easy—easily以le结尾,去e直接加yterrible—terribly;gentle—gently元音字母+e结尾,先去掉e,然后再加lytrue—truly以ll结尾的词只加yfull—fully以ic结尾的词加allyautomatic—automaticallyenergetic—energetically2.在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,well等。※Itbroughtawidesmiletohisfaceandlaughtertohiseyes.(形容词)※Inafewsecondsshewaswideawake.(副词)【点津】下列单词以ly结尾,但却是形容词而非副词:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timely等。形容词和副词的比较级、最高级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加er,est构成,如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加r和stbrave—braver—bravest以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加er和esthappy—happier—happiest以重读闭音节结尾双写词尾字母,再加er和esthot—hotter—hottest②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily【点津】①少数双音节词及以er或le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式mon—moner/moremon—monest/mostmon②表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。(2)不规则形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.比较等级的用法(1)基本用法①两者相比,表示“和……一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。※Heworkedasfastasaqualifiedtechnician.【点津】在同级比较中,若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。※Johnisascleveraboyasyouwishtomeet.②两者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原级+as”。※Itisnotsoexpensiveasyoumightexpect.③两者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比较级+than”。※Theprocessoflearninganddevelopingismoreimportantthantheoute.※Herpronunciationisasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,herteacher’s.【点津】有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后面用to而不用than。如:superiorto(优于,高于);inferiorto(次于);seniorto(年长于,地位高于);juniorto(地位低于);priorto(早于,较重要于)。④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级+比较范围”。※Hersonsarethemostimportantthinginherlife.(2)特殊用法①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。※Learningbeesmoreandmoredifficultaswegetolder.②“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。※Theharderwework,themoreprogresswewillmake.③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……不如说……”。※Shelooksmoreasleepthanclever.④“morethan+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能;……不能”。※ThebeautyoftheplaceismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级※Icouldn’tagreewithyouanymore.⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型a....倍数+as+原级+as...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimesashighastheoldone.b....倍数+比较级+than...※Thenewbuildingistwicehigherthantheoldone.c....倍数+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.※Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.3.比较级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等。※Thethemeoftheplaystoodoutevenmoreclearlyafteritwasrevised.(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序数词等。※Iwouldsaythatintellectisbyfarthemostimportantfactor.常用的分词形容词和副词ed形容词和ing形容词的区别:ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。※Thewinewasexcellent,butthefoodwasdisappointing.※Wewillbepleasedtoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.【点津】原则上,ed形容词通常直接用于说明人,若修饰事物,则多为look(表情),air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),voice(声音),mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。※Rogerjustlookedupathimwithasurprisedlook.※Ahandhelpedmeoutofthetree,andafrightenedvoiceaskedmeifIwasbadlyhurt.小题快练Ⅰ.单句语法填空①(2020·浙江高考)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.

②(2019·浙江高考)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.③(2018·浙江高考)Eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit’salwaysenergetic(energy).⑤(2018·浙江高考)Therecouldbeanevenhigher(high)costonyourhealth.①Obviously(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.②Themoresupportyouwinfromothers,thefaster(fast)youwillmovetowardyourgoal.③Iwasscanningtherestaurant,waitingtositatthefirsttablethatwasmoreconvenient(convenient)thanothers.

Ⅱ.完成句子①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefact(对这个事实感到惊讶)thatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.

②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)I’msure(我肯定)you’llhaveagoodtime.

③Overthepastfewdecades,wehavedevelopedanamazingnetworkofpublictransportation.Besides/Inaddition(此外;并且),wehavedecidedtomakeeffortstomakeitmuchbetter.

④Likemostgrownups,sheenjoysfolksongs,becausethepeacefulmusic(宁静的音乐)remindsherofherbeautifullifewhenshewasyoung.

⑤ButIthinkwe’dbetterhavemoreoutdooractivities.Asstudents,weusuallysittoolongintheclassroom(在教室里坐的时间太长),andasaresultoureyesandbrainsgettired.

①Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtasty(多汁可口).

②Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterriblyworried(是非常担心的).”

Ⅰ.语法填空Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake1._________(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother2._________thecheeks.ThisisalsomoninFrance,3._________theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot4._________universalrule.

DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,5._________(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatismonhere,however,isforfriends6._________(hug)eachother—somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme7._________(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing8._________(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheekkissingaswell.

Wouldn’titbe9._________(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis10._________(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.

1.【解析】isconsidered。考查时态和语态。句中主语afirmhandshake和动词consider是被动关系,此处作谓语用被动语态。表示客观事实,与上下文一致用一般现在时。故填isconsidered。2.【解析】on。考查介词。此处指亲吻对方的脸颊,在脸上用介词on,故填on。3.【解析】where。考查定语从句。先行词是France,在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导,故填where。4.【解析】a。考查冠词。句中rule是可数名词单数形式,此处表示一种普遍的规则,universal发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。5.【解析】leaving。考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词,此处用非谓语。前面句子