中考英语阅读理解解题技巧课件-

阅读理解解题技巧主讲人：樊瑞芳驻马店第四中学阅读理解解题技巧主讲人：樊瑞芳驻马店第四中学1阅读理解

是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。

阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。阅读理解2新课标解读

据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义

能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系能预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息不借助词典能读懂含有3%左右生词的语言材料。能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略获取信息新课标解读据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义能理解段落3命题依据

能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略快速获取细节信息。能把握所读材料的中心思想和主要事实。能把握所读材料的主要逻辑线索，事件和空间的顺序。能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解词义。能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点和意图。能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和结局。命题依据能根据不同的阅读目的，运用简单的阅读策略快速获取细4能力要求

预测能力快速阅读能力整体理解能力快速准确获取关键信息能力把握全文主旨能力能力要求预测能力5能力要求把握段落主旨能力对西方文化的理解能力句子结构和文章结构的理解能力掌握一定的阅读词汇量词语意义的理解能力能力要求把握段落主旨能力6解题步骤

一、先读问题，弄清考查要点二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌

三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词

四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案

解题步骤一、先读问题，弄清考查要点7主旨大意型事实细节型

词义猜测型命题类因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:推理判断型主旨大意型事实细节型词8StepTwo:HowtoDealingwiththeProblemsonReadingComprehension一、主旨大意题（做题要领）1.干扰项

可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项

可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项

可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。StepTwo:HowtoDealingwith91)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)What’sthemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5)Themainideaofthepassageis…6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:1)Whatdoesthewritermainly10技巧解析：主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句。抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的中心思想。寻找主题句的方法：1.认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。技巧解析：主旨大意题主要考查对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解11Example:

TherearemanydifferentwaystotraveltoParisfromLondon.Oneofthequickestandmostpopularwaysisbytrain.FromWaterlooRailwayStation,youcantravelallthewaytoParis.Thejourneytakesaboutthreehours.Thetrain,calledtheEurostar,isverymodern,andtheseatsarecomfortable.YoucanalsotraveltoFrancebyship.……AnotherwaytotraveltoParisisbyplane.……80.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout_______.A.differentwaystravelingfromLondontoParisB.internationalflightsfromLondontoParisC.busesstoppingatFerryTerminalSeveninDover主题句出现在段首：

在议论文和说明文中，一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证或说明细节。Example:Therearemany12Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbe.felt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.1.I主题句也可能出现在段尾：

作者先摆出事实依据，或者提出问题，然后层层推进，提出解决方法，然后后文再进一步详述。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，是全文的主题句，下文按照主题句进行展开Every30secondstherei13

We’vetalkedaboutsnails(蜗牛)andtheirslowmove.Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon’tmoveatall.Theyareintheirshells(壳)—sleeping.Hotsunwilldryoutasnail’sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintohisshell.Asnailwilldieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.Asnailcansleepforaslongasitneedsto.Itspendsallthewintermonthsinitsshell,asleep.Inthespringthesnailwakesup.Itsbody,aboutthreeincheslong,comesoutfromtheshell.Whenhungry,thesnaillooksforfood.Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelers(触角),areveryweak.Butitssense(感觉)ofsmellisverystrong.Ithelpsthesnailtofindfoodandthenewgreens.Asnail’smouthisnobiggerthanthepointofapin(大头针).Yetithas256,000teeth!Theteethareverysmall,andyoucan’tseethem.Ifyouputasnailinahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!Andifasnailwearsoutitsteeth,itwillgrownewones.文章的主题也可能以高频词的形式出现。本文并没有出现明确的主题句，但细看之下会发现，文章中“snail”这个词出现的频率高达13次，是整篇文章中出现频率最高的词汇。snail既是文章说明的对象，又是文章的主题。We’vetalkedaboutsna14阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---主旨大意题阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---主旨大意题15Passage1

“Mary,yourbedroomisamess(脏乱).Comeandcleanituprightnow.”hermumsaid.Marywantedtogooutsideandplay.“I’llcleanituplater,Mum.”“Ohno,youwon’t.I’vebeenaskingyoufordays,”hermumsaid.Marywentintoherbedroom.Sheputawayallofherclothesandputalltherubbishintoaplasticbag.Mum,I’mgoingoutsidetoPlaynow.”Sheranintothebackgarden.thiswasherfavoriteplacetobe.AsmallbutterflyflewoverandlandedonMary’shand.”You’reaprettylittlebutterfly,”Maysaid,”Doesyourmummakeyoukeepyourbedroomclean?”“WhatifIleftmyrubbishalldidn’tkeepthegardencleanandtidy?WouldyouhaveanicePlacetositamongtheflowers?”saidthebutterfly.“I’dnotbehappyifIcameouttoseerubbishhereandthere,”Marysaid.“Everybodyhastodotheirpartandkeeptheirroomsortheirflowergardensclean,”thebutterflysaidandthenflewaway.Maryhurriedintothehouseandsaidtohermother,”I’llkeepmyroomcleanfromnowon,Mum.I’vegottodomypart.”Andshedidjustthat.练习题细节题解释Passage1练习题细节题解释16Question:

Whatisthemainideaofthestory?（主旨大意题）A.Abutterflyiskids’bestfriendB.EveryoneshouldkeeptheirroomscleanC.EverybodyhastodotheirpartD.Abutterflyisabetterteacherthanamother

文章解释Question:Whatisthemainid17【解析】答案为C；由文中的“Everybodyhastodotheirpartandkeeptheirroomsortheirflowergardensclean,”thebutterflysaidandthenflewaway.得出答案。

寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。文章【解析】答案为C；由文中的文章18B……Schoollifeshouldbesomeofthebestandhappiestdaysofourlives.Weshouldn’twastethiswonderfultime.Don’tsaythingsaredifficultandboring.Don’tbetoodisappointedifthingssometimesgobadly.Don’tletsmallproblemsseemverybig.Beconfident,goandplaysports,workonaproject,orhelpsomeonewithproblems.Therearealwaysalotofthingstodotorelaxyourselfandmakeyouhappy.60.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Howtogethighscores.B.Howtoberelaxedandhappy.C.Howtomakefriendswithforeigners.B19

1.Innature,youmayseemanyinsects(昆虫）andanimalsofdifferentcolors.Haveyoueverwonderedwhy?2.Locustsaresuperdeliciousfoodforbirds,butitisnotalwaysaneasyjobforbirdstocatchthem.3.Brownbears,tigersandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.4.However,insectswithcolorsdifferentfromplantscaneasilybefoundandeatenbyothers.Soinordertosurvive,theyhavetohidethemselvesinthedaytimeandappearonlyatnight.【2019广东】65.Whatisthemainidesofthispassage?A.Someinsectsandanimalshavedifferentskills.B.Someinsectsandanimalsarecleverthanwethink.C.Someinsectsandanimalsusecolorstoprotectthemselves.D.Someinsectsandanimalscangetusedtotheenvironmenteasily.1.Innature,youmayseem20HaveyoueverbeardofIceland?Icelandisacountry,one-tenthofwhichiscoveredwithice.However,itissaidthatIcelandisthelandofheat.Smokingvolcanoes(火山),whitesteam(蒸汽)andhotspringsaremoreamazingthantheothersightsincludingicethere.Ithastakenmillionsofyearsforvolcanoesandlavaflows(熔岩流)tobuildIceland.…..Likesteamvents,hotspringscanbeseenhereandthereintheancientlavafields……IcelandisoneofthefewplacesontheEarthwhereactivevolcanoesliebelowice.Heatfromthevolcanoescreatesastrangeandwildbeauty.Therefore,somepeoplebelievethatit’sbettertocallthecountry“Heatland”insteadofIceland.Ifyouhaveachancetotravelthere,takeit.【2019哈尔滨】()50.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe

.A.THEHISTORYOFICELANDB.THEHOTSPRINGOFBLUELAKEC.THEHEATINICELANDHaveyoueverbeardofIce21

Readingisagoodhobbyforallkindsofreasons.First,readingisfun.Youcanalwayskeepyourselfhappyiflikereading.Youwillneverfeelboredortired.Next,youcanreadabookanywhere---inacar,onaplane,oreveninthebathroom.Allyouneedisabook!Anothergoodreasonforreadingisthatitisuseful.….Somepeoplesaythatreadingisoutofdate(过时的).…..Goodreadersmaybecomewriters,too.Theyalwayshavemorethingstowriteabout.…..Readingisawonderfulhobby.Whynotstartreadingrightnow?【2019北京】85.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Readingisagoodhobby.B.Youcanreadoncomputers.C.Goodreadersmustbegoodwriters.Readingisagoodhobbyfor221.Inthe1920sand30stheairlineswerejustbeginning.Itwasunusualforpeopletotravelbyairbecauseitwasexpensiveanddangerous.Inthosedays,therewerenoflightattendantstolookafterthepassengers.Youngmen,or“stewards”helpedthepassengersontotheairplaneandcarriedthepassengers’luggage(行李)buttheydidnotprovidefoodanddrinks.Butthenin1930,awomancalledEllenChurchinventedthe“stewardess”.2.EllenChurchwasbornin1904onafarminIowa.….3.Ellenwastwenty-fiveyearsoldwhenshefirstgotintouchwithBoeingAirTransport.Sheloved……4.TheyoungwomanfromIowaandsevenothernursesbecamethefirstairstewardesses.5.Atfirstpilotswereunhappybecausetheydidnotwantstewardessesonairplanes,butpassengerslovedthestewardesses.…..Inthe1970s,stewardesseswereunhappyintheirjobandairlineshadtomakesomechanges.Sincethe1970s,“stewardesses”havebeencalledflightattendants.Theyarewellpaidandworkfewerhoursthaninthepast.【2019杭州】

1.Inthe1920sand30stheair2355.()Thepassagemainlytalksabout_______.A.thebackgroundofearlyflyingpilotsB.theexperienceofflyingpassengersC.thehistoryofearlyflightattendantsD.thedevelopmentofairplanes 55.()Thepassagemainlyta24

文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。

提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。事实细节型

解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关25细节理解和细节判断常考题型：1、是非题2、例证题3、年代与数字

4、比较5、原因6、事实排序题

7、直接信息题8、间接信息题9、综合信息题细节理解和细节判断常考题型：261）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3)Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT…4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1）Whichofthefollowingstate27阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---事实细节型阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---事实细节型28练习题第三节Passage1

“Mary,yourbedroomisamess(脏乱).Comeandcleanituprightnow.”hermumsaid.Marywantedtogooutsideandplay.“I’llcleanituplater,Mum.”“Ohno,youwon’t.I’vebeenaskingyoufordays,”hermumsaid.Marywentintoherbedroom.Sheputawayallofherclothesandputalltherubbishintoaplasticbag.Mum,I’mgoingoutsidetoPlaynow.”Sheranintothebackgarden.thiswasherfavoriteplacetobe.AsmallbutterflyflewoverandlandedonMary’shand.”You’reaprettylittlebutterfly,”Maysaid,”Doesyourmummakeyoukeepyourbedroomclean?”“WhatifIleftmyrubbishalldidn’tkeepthegardencleanandtidy?WouldyouhaveanicePlacetositamongtheflowers?”saidthebutterfly.“I’dnotbehappyifIcameouttoseerubbishhereandthere,”Marysaid.“Everybodyhastodotheirpartandkeeptheirroomsortheirflowergardensclean,”thebutterflysaidandthenflewaway.Maryhurriedintothehouseandsaidtohermother,”I’llkeepmyroomcleanfromnowon,Mum.I’vegottodomypart.”Andshedidjustthat.练习题第三节Passage129文章Whichisthecorrectorderforthefollowingtotakeplaceinthestory?（细节题）A、MaryplayedinthebackgardenB、MarypromisedtokeepherroomcleanC、MumaskedMarytocleanupherroomD、AbutterflyflewoverandtalkerwithMaryE、Marycleanedupherrooma,c,d,b,eB.c,a,d,b,eC.c,e,a,d,bD.a,d,b,c,e文章Whichisthecorrectorder30

同义法

常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。

反义法

如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。

释义法

对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词义猜测型

情景推断法、代词替代法等同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or31猜测词义题常见命题形式如下：1）、Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans_________.2）、Whatdoestheword“…”mean______.3）、Theunderlined(划线的)wordmeans_________4）、Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“…”is___inEnglish.5）、Theword“…”refersto________猜测词义题常见命题形式如下：32阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---词义猜测型阅读理解基础训练BasicTraining---词义猜测型331.利用构词法猜测词义

英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前缀、后缀形成的，因此运用构词法来判断生词的意义是一种提高阅读速度的常用技巧，同时也是学生比较熟悉、擅长的一种解题技巧。

实践证明这是一种快速有效解决词汇障碍的方法。1.利用构词法猜测词义34[实例1](2019年浙江省宁波市中考试题)Aftertheearthquake:

1.Check,takecareofinjuriesandhelpmakesurepeoplearoundyouareallright......Watchoutforaftershocks.......2.Protectyourselfbywearinglongpants,along-sleeved(长袖的)shirtandstrongshoes..................3.Listentotheradioforthelatestinformation...............54.Theunderlinedword"aftershocks"inthepassagemeans"_________"inChinese.A．震感B．震源C．余震D．防震[实例1](2019年浙江省宁波市中考试题)352.利用同义词或反义词猜测词义有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个、两个或更多的同义词、近义词、反义词或英文解释来说明文中一个比较难的词或关键词。通过我们熟悉的单词或解释，用已知的知识就不难推断出生词的词义来。Therelay,plannedtokickoffat15:40Saturday,willsetoutfromDaYuLing.55.Theunderlinedphrase"kickoff"probablymeans"_________".A.beginB.stopC.checkD.leave[解析]A。后面的setout是出发的意思，所以kickoff应该是begin的意思2.利用同义词或反义词猜测词义36Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiterated

C.uneducatedD.sick

Passage3:

MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,thecityandcountryside,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewi-vesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(应得的，值得的).

解释第四节Q:Whichofthefollowingis37解释

这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的educated和没有受过教育的illiterate；住在城市的

city和住在农村的countryside；年轻的young和年长的old正好是一对对反义词。因此选C

项。本题答案选C解释这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中383.利用上下文猜测词义有些生词的意思必须通过对上下文所提供的信息或线索综合予以考虑方能确定。这种线索可以是一些词语也可以是一些出现在上下文中的句子，考查的方式一般是猜测中文意思。Insomecitiestherubbishiscollectedandtakenoutsideofcitytoadump.Oftenthecitydumpisplacedwherethegroundisloworthereisabighole.Thekitchenrubbishisbrokenintosmallpiecesandsentintothesewagesystem.Thesewagesystemtakesawaytheusedwaterfromtoilets,bathtubsandotherplaces.53.Theunderlinedword"sewage"inthepassagemeans_________.A．排污B．染色C．洗涤D．吸尘3.利用上下文猜测词义394.利用标点符号猜测词义作者有时利用标点符号为一些生词直接提供定义或解释，这些符号无疑为学生理解或猜测生词词义提供了很好的线索，如破折号、引号等。Bobworksinacarfactorynearhishome.Heworksveryhard.Heneedstowork8hourseveryday.Hewillbeonthenight

shift—frommidnightto8a.m.—nextweek.A．开夜车B．夜班C．熬夜D．晚上休息[解析]B。文中两个破折号之间部分解释了“nightshift”是“夜班”的意思。4.利用标点符号猜测词义40

Ineversawheranger,neversawhercry.Iknewshelovedme,sheshoweditinaction.Butasayounggirl,Iwantedhearted-to-heartedtalksbetweenmotheranddaughter.Theyneverhappened.Andagulfopenedbetweenus.Iwas“tooemotional(易动感情的)”.Butshelived“onthesurface”.

41()3.Theunderlinedword“gulf”inthepassagemeans__.A.deepunderstandingbetweentheoldandtheyoungB.differentideasbetweenthemotherandthedaughterC.freetalksbetweenmotheranddaughterD.partoftheseagoingfarinland[解析]B。“gulf”原来的意思应是“海湾”，但在此处有了另外的引申意义。文中两个引号内分别是“易动感情的”和“冷静的”的意思，为上文中的“gulf”提供了词义线索，因此文中的“gulf”应是“母女之间的鸿沟或分歧”。()3.Theunderlinedword“gul425.利用生活常识猜测词义历年中考英语阅读理解选择的素材具有时代性、新颖性和生活性的特点，尤其强调选择一些与学生生活息息相关的素材。因此我们的生活经历或与日常生活有关的常识往往可以帮助学生更准确地猜测句中生词的词义。Iftrafficisheavy,thetaxiwillbeslow.Duringthemorningsandafternoons,thereisthe“rushhour”.Thisisthetimewhenthetrafficisveryheavywithpeoplegoingtoandfromwork.5.利用生活常识猜测词义43()Thephrase“rushhour”inthefourthparagraphmeans“______”inChinese.A.比赛中的冲刺时刻B.一小时内所跑的路程C.（上下班）交通高峰时刻D.匆匆忙忙的一小时[解析]C。根据生活常识，早上上班时和傍晚下班时交通拥挤的时段我们称为交通高峰期，与C项正好对应。中考英语阅读理解解题技巧课件-446.利用逻辑关系明确指代明确指代关系其实是一类比较特殊的词义猜测题。一般情况下，中考中用指代性的代词，如it,they,he,she以及其宾格形式来指代前面所出现的名词,或以this,that,those来指代文中提到的某个观点或看法。Thewomanleftthestorelessworried,andGloriahasalwaysrememberedtheprideshefeltinhavinghelpedhercustomer.()Whatdoestheword“she”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.Theboss.B.Thewoman.C.Gloria.D.Thedoctor.[解析]C。该句中虽然出现了Thewoman和Gloria两个人物，但英语中代词的使用原则是指代最近的那个名词，所以这里指代的是Gloria。6.利用逻辑关系明确指代45Sandrawaswearingabrightly-coloredshirtwithherjeans.“Nooneelsewearsashirtlikemine,”shesaid.“I’mtheonlyone,andIlikethat.Icanunderstandthattheschoolneedsadresscode(准则).It’saproblemifstudentscometoschoolwiththeirshirtsopen.Weallunderstandthat

,butnoonewantsauniform.Evenmymumthinksit’sstupid.”()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”meaninthesixthparagraph?A.Whynoonewantsauniform.B.Theschoolneedsadresscode.C.Wearingaschooluniformisstupid.D.Wearingone’sownclothesisn’tright.[解析]B。这里出现的指代词“that”所指的是前面提及的一个事实，即学校需要一个穿衣准则。Sandrawaswearingabrightly-46A.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.B.Likeheryoungersisterwhoisgregarious,Alicealsolikestomakefriends.

A.Theherdsman,wholooksaft47A.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.定语从句中的looksaftersheep就解释了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。B.Likeheryoungersisterwhoisgregarious,Alicealsolikestomakefriends.句首的like（像）这个语境线索说明：句中的gregarious与likestomakefriends意义相近。A.Theherdsman,wholooksaft48猜测词义题

解题技巧：

1、通过因果关系猜测词义；2、通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词；

3、通过构词法猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义说明来推测词义；5、通过描述猜测词义；6、用知识和生活经验猜测词义；7、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。

猜测词义题解题技巧：49

推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断型

透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综50推理判断题（做题要领）

既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断题（做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息51推理判断题

解题技巧：

与原文相同的细节不能