英语句子的种类及练习课件

英语句子的种类及练习课件英语句子的种类及练习课件英语句子的种类及练习课件一、句子种类两种分类法(一)、按句子的用途可分四种：1、陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3、祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4、感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!一、句子种类两种分类法(一)、按句子的用途可分四种：1、陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3、祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4、感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!1、陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。 Shearrivedearly. Shecannothavearrivednow.注：1）半否定句 Ihardlyknowanythingaboutit.2）部分否定句与全否定句 Idon’tlikeboththefilms. IlikeneitherCathynorMary.3)否定转移 Idon’tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.(believe,expect,suppose,imagine)2、疑问句（1）疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。(2)、疑问句的分类1）一般疑问句

用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。 Haveyouanythingtosay? Didsomeonephonemelastnight? 否定疑问句Can’tyouunderstandit?Isn’titabeautifullake?---Haven’tyoubeentotheUK?---No,Ihaven’t.2）特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句的定义;以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：whatwhowhomwhosewhichwhenwherehowwhy等。2.特殊疑问句有两种语序（1）陈述语序Whowasthefirstmaninspace?（2）倒装语序Whomareyoutalkingabout?注：A、简略式Whynotgoalone?Whygetsoangry?How/Whatabouttakingarest?B、复杂特殊疑问句Whatdoyou

think

hehasdone?

3）选择疑问句选择疑问句（alternativequestions）一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调，如：

Willyougotherebybusorbytrain？

Whatwouldyoulike，coffeeortea？

(1)以一般疑问句为基础Isheateacheroradoctororapoliceman? ShallIhelpyouorcanyoumanage?(2)以特殊疑问句为基础 Whichdoyouprefer,redwineorwhite?Howshallwegothere?Bybusorbytrain?(3)ornot构成的选择疑问句

Doyouwanttobuyitornot？

4)：反意疑问句

A、含义：

在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。如：

1.He

is

clever,isn’the?2.WespeakChinese,don’twe?B、结构：结构一：前肯，+后否eg.Heisclever,isn’the?结构二：前否，+后肯eg.Heisn’tclever,ishe?

结构一：前肯，+后否

Be动词：

1.Youareanactor,_____________?2.Heisagoodboy,______________?3.Itwasfineyesterday,__________?4.YouwerestudyingwhenIcalledyoulastnight,_______________?5.Sheisgoingtovisitme,_________?

6.IamChinese,____________?aren’tyouisn’thewasn’titweren’tyouisn’tshearen’tI行为动词：

1.Itoftenrainshere,___________?2.Helikessoccer,_____________?3.Youhaveaheadache,__________?4.Icalledyouyesterday,_________?其它动词：

1.YouwillgotoAmerica,_________?2.WehaveeverbeentoShanghai,_______________?doesn’titdoesn’thedon’tyoudidn’tIwon’tyouhaven’tweC、特殊用法(一）1.Hismotherisadoctor,__________?2.Thedogsarefighting,____________?

Thereisaboyinourclassroom,______________?4.Thereweremanycarsinthestreet,_________________?5.Therewillberobotsinourfamilies,______________?isn’tshearen’ttheyisn’tthereweren’ttherewon’tthere三、特殊用法(二）

6.Sitdownplease,_______________?7.Pleasecallme,_________________?8.Let’sgohome,________________?9.Letusgohome,________________?10.Letmesee,__________________?will/won’tyoushall/shan’twewill/won’tyouwill/won’tyouwill/won’tyou结构二：前否，+后肯1.Youaren’tanactor,__________?2.Heisn’tagoodboy,___________?3.Itwasn’tfineyesterday,________?4.Itdoesn’trainhere,__________?5.Hissisterdoesn’thaveaheadache,_____________?6.Youdidn’tcallmeyesterday,____________?areyouishedoesitdoesshewasitdidyou7.Youwon’tgotoU.S.A.,__________?8.Thereisn’taboyinourclassroom,_____________?9.Thereweren’tmanycarsinthestreet,______________?10.Don’tsmoke,____________?11.Don’tlet’sdoit,____________？willyouisthereweretherewillyoushallwe3、祈使句表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。1）带第二人称的祈使句Bequiet,please.Don’tmakeanynoise!

Youcallataxi.Don’tyouforgetit.(强调)Givemeahand,will/won’t/would/wouldn't’you?2）带第一、三人称的祈使句Letmetryagain.Let’sgo.Letusgo.Let’snotsayanythingaboutit./Don’tlet’ssay…Lethimbehereby10o’clock.

注意：1、加强语气Dobecarefulofmybrokenleg.Doletmehaveanothertry.2、祈使句的省略式A:ShallIopenthewindow?B:Yes,pleasedo./No,pleasedon’t.A:Shallwewatchthegame?B:Yes,let’s.4、“感叹句”所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。Whatagoodtimewehadlastnight!Whatinterestingfilms!Whatfineweatherwehavetoday!Howfoolishsheis!Howclearlyyouspeak!Howcleveraboyheis!A、感叹句的句式

感叹句一般由what或how开头，句末加感叹号“！”。What修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词、动词。一）以what开头的感叹句1.“What+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！”如：Whatacleverboy(heis)!Whatapity!2.“What+形容词+复数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！”如：Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!3.“What+形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！”如：Whatfreshmilk(itis)!Whatfun!二）以how开头的感叹句

1.“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”如：

Howbeautifulthegirlis!2.“How+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）+……！”如：

Howgoodanexamplehesetforus!3.“How+副词+主语+谓语！”如：

Howfastheruns!

4.“How+主语+谓语！”如：

Howtimeflies!B、陈述句变为感叹句的方法把一个陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用“一分二加三换位四去掉”的方法。具体步骤为：第一步：“一分”，即在谓语动词后面划一双竖线，使句子分为两部分。如：Heis‖averyhonestboy.他是一个诚实的孩子。LiLeiworks‖veryhard.李雷学习很刻苦。第二步：“二加”

即如果第二部分的中心词是名词，就加上what；

如果是形容词或副词，就加上how.如：

Heis‖(what)averyhonestboy.

LiLeiworks‖(how)veryhard.

第三步：“三换位”

即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，句号换位感叹号。如：

Whataveryhonestboyheis!

HowveryhardLiLeiworks!

第四步：“四去掉”

即原陈述句中含有very,too等程度副词时，在变成感叹句时要去掉。

以上两个句子就应该变为以下形式：

Whatanhonestboyheis!

HowhardLiLeiworks!C、特殊形式的感叹句一）在陈述句或疑问句句尾加感叹号，表示某种强烈的感情。如：Heisakind-heartedman!Haveyoueverreadsuchaninterestingbookbefore!二）用词或短语表示的感叹句。如：Wonderful!妙极了！Goodidea!好主意！Welldone!干得好！Great!棒极了！D.感叹句的转换what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如：Whataninterestingstoryitis!=Howinterestingthestoryis!

whatabeautifulbuildingitis!=Howbeautifulthebuildingis!Exercise:一。用How,What(a/an)填空1.____aheavybox!2.____heavytheboxis!3.____hardwork!4.____hardtheworkis!5.____wonderfulthefilmis!6.____awonderfulfilm!________deliciousfooditis!________interestingfilm!_________badweather!_________goodday!________talltheboyis!_________goodnewsitis!_________beautifulclothestheyare!_________niceteacherheis!_________niceTomis!_________hardwork!_________hardjob!WhatWhatanWhatWhataHowWhatWhatWhataHowWhatWhataExercise:二、句型转换1.Whataheavyrain!______therainis!2.Howinterestingtheboyis!______interestingboy!(二)、按句子的结构可分三种：简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)1.简单句(simplesentence)只包含一个主谓结构Mary

openedthedoor.两个主语和一个谓语Steveandhisfriendarecomingtodinner.一个主语和两个谓语Maryopenedthedoorandgreetedtheguests.

简单句的五种基本句型(1)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)Theweatherisverycold.

(2)主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)+advHelaughed.

(3)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)Ilike

Chinesefood.

PViVtO(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)Shetaughtthem

physics.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.IODOC请说出下列句子类型。1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywon’tletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.Sheknowswhattodo.5.Theweatherisverycold.S+ViS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+OS+V+PS+V+P

S+Vi

S+Vt+O

S+Vt+IO+DO

S+Vt+O+C2.并列句(compoundsentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来，则成为一个并列句。

IturnedontheTV.Iwatchedit.

IturnedontheTVand

watchedit.

Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.

Iboughtmysisterapresent,but

shedidn’tlikeit.

并列句并列句常用并列连词

coordinatingconjunctions平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:

选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,whenfor,so,thereforeor,otherwise,either…or并列句的分类1、Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2、Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.

3、Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.1.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforharvesting,________everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.2.Heisabasketballfan,____hiswifeisavolleyballfan.3.Honeyissweet,_____thebeestings.4.Don’tbelate,______thereisameeting.5.Hurryup,____you’llbelate.6.Heworkshard______hisbrotherisalazybone.7.HewasenjoyinghisKFC_____afriendcame.练习一：用连词填空soandbutfororwhilewhen请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.Hewastired,sohewenttobed.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt,forhewasafraidofthedog.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.Hemadeapromise,buthedidn’tkeepit.Maryisopeningthedoor.Johnisgreetingherguests.Maryisopeningthedoor,andJohnisgreetingherguests.3.复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independentsentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.Bythetimehearrived,

1wehadalreadyleft.

2请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。从句主句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句5.状语从句6.定语从句中学生英文写作中经常使用的从句有：宾语从句状语从句定语从句指出下列各从句的类型：Ihopethateverythingisallright.ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。Istillremembertheday.IfirstcametoBeijingonthatday.(when)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate.请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。

I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(时间状语从句)Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因状语从句)Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(结果状语从句)We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(条件状语从句)Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(让步状语从句)I’llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim.Hedidn’tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit.We’llgotothegreatwallifit’sfinetomorrow.Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant,weshouldnotgothereallthetime.有下划线的词叫从属连词(subordinatingconjunction)9种状语从句即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：1、时间（after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosooner…than,hardly…when）；2、地点（where,wherever）；3、方式（as,asif,asthough）；4、程度/比较（as…as,more…than,）；5、原因（because,since,as,nowthat,that）；6、结果（,sothat,so…that,such…that）；7、目的（sothat,inorderthat,incase）；8、条件（if,unless）；9、让步（though,although,evenif,eventhough,so,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,however,nomatterhow,whether）。并列复合句

即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。Englishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.请用所学知识改正下列病句

Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句并列句复合句简单句简单句三、选择填空：1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit. A.and B.or C.if D.so2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____? A.hasn’the B.isn’theC.isn’tit D.hasn’tit3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain! A.How B.What C.Whata D.Whatan4.Letuspass,____? A.shan’twe B.shallwe C.won’twe D.willyou5.Isupposehe’sserious,____? A.doI B.don’tI C.ishe D.isn’the6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____? A.willyou B.hadyou C.shallyou D.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition. A.then B.but C.and D.or8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight. A.and B.but C.so D.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____.A.Henryhasn’ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming. A.or B.for C.while D.so11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I’dliketogoout. A.or B.and C.but D.so12.----“____isthetemperaturetoday?” ----“It’s38degrees.” A.Which B.How C.Howhot D.Howhigh13.----Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe? ----____. A.Yes,heisn’t B.No,heisn’t C.No,heis D.Heis14.____friendly____toeveryone! A.How,isshe B.What,isshe C.How,sheis D.What,sheis15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired. A.or B.so C.for D.yet16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger. A.wasmaking B.makes C.ismaking D.made17.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary. A.but B.and C.or D.yet18.----I’dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----____whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou. A.Tellme B.Ifyouwouldsaytome C.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds. A.yethe B.buthe C.and D.he20.----Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella. ----Ihad,____I’velostit. A.since B.but C.because D.so21.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom. A.Turning B.Toturn C.Turned D.Turn22.----Idon’tlikechicken____fish. ----Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch. A.and,and B.and,but C.or,and D.or,but23.----Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight? ----I’dliketo,____I’mtoobusy. A.and B.so C.as D.but24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway? A.and B.then C.or D.otherwise25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater. A.arriving B.toarrive C.havingarrived D.andarrived26.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice. A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrily C.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointed27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter. A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while28.____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando. A.Whenleft B.Leaving C.Ifyouleave D.Leave29.----Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,____? ----ButIfedityesterday. A.doyou B.willyou C.didn’tyou D.don’tyou30.____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes. A.Mind B.Glanceat C.Stareat D.Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,____________?（完成反意疑问）won’tthereHowlonghavetheylivedhere?Hedoesn’tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!Didtheygoforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening?Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,____________?（完成反意疑问）couldtheyHowoftendoesthismagazinecomeout?9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问）10.WhoisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!Bye-bye!二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（ ）.I'mfine,buttired（ ）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（ ）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（ ）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（ ）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（ ）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscolderthe