01【生态环保、自然灾害类】阅读理解10篇（解析版）

【生态环保、自然灾害类】话题阅读练习（一）（阅读理解10篇）Passage1Earthisinthemiddleofaninsectcrisis,withthousandsofspeciesdecliningoverthepastseveraldecades.Scientistshaveoftenblamedthisonhabitatlossorpesticide（杀虫剂）use.ButanewstudyofbutterfliesinthewesternUnitedStateshasfoundthatwarmerfallweathermaybeanequal,ifnotmore,ofafactor.Overthepastfourdecades,morethan450butterflyspecieshavedeclinedatanaveragerateofnearly2percentayear,accordingtoastudypublishedinScience.It’salreadyknownthatthewesternmonarchbutterflyhasplummetedinpopulationby99.9percentandwasrecentlydeniedprotectionbyEndangeredSpeciesActintheU.S.Butthestudyrevealedlesser-knownspecies,liketheBoisduval’sblueandCalifornia’sstateinsect,theCaliforniadogfacebutterfly,areheadingtowardextinction."Theinfluenceofclimatechangeisdrivingthosedeclines,whichmakessensebecausethey’resowidespread,"saysstudyleaderMathewForister.Toreachtheirtroublingfindings,theresearcherscombineddatabasesofthebutterflycountconductedbyscientistsandamateurinsectenthusiastsat72locationsinthewesternU.S.Tofocusonthecontributionofclimatechange,theresearchersmadesuretoincludelocationsthatwererelativelyundisturbedbyagricultureandhumandevelopmenttolimittheinfluenceofotherthreatstobutterfliessuchashabitatlossandpesticides.Morethan200citiesacrosstheU.S.areexperiencingwarmerfallseasons.InArizona,forinstance,falltemperatureshaverisenby0.2degreeFahrenheiteverydecadesince1895.Asforwhywarmingfallsaresoharmful,itmaybeconnectedtobutterflies’hibernation-likediapause(滞育）inthefall.Warmertemperaturescouldbeforcingtheinsects,mostofwhichlivearoundayear,tostayawakelongerandstarve.Inotherwords,they’re"gettingoldandfragileanddyingsooner".Giventhatbutterfliesarekeypollinators（传花粉者),suchdeclinespredictbiggerproblemsforplantsandevenwholeecosystems.Foristeradds,"Theclimateeffectswillalmostcertainlyaffectmanyotherinsects;includingbees."Andtheseeffectswill"damage"effortstoprotectandrestorebutterflyhabitat.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"plummeted"meaninParagraph2?A.Recoveredslowly.B.Decreasedsharply.C.Escapedsuddenly.D.Evolvedrapidly.2.WhatdidtheresearchersdoinParagraph3?A.Theyruledouttheeffectsofhumanactivities.B.Theytriedtoprotectthehabitatofbutterflies.C.Theyrefusedtouseamateurs’sciencedata.D.Theyidentifiedotherthreatstobutterflies.3.Howdowarmingfallsaffectbutterflies?A.Theyaffectbutterflies’naturallifecycle.B.Theyslowdownbutterflies’agingprocess.C.Theycausebutterfliestolosemorehabitats.D.Theyforcebutterfliestocompeteforsurvival.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Todiscusstheimportanceofbutterflyspecies.B.Tosuggestawaytofightagainstclimatechange.C.Tointroducenewmethodsofstudyingbutterflies.D.Topresentanewfactorinaspeciespopulationdecline.解析：B理解词汇根据第二段第一句中的"Overthepast...2percentayear"可知，在过去的40年里,450多种蝴蝶的数量以平均每年近2%的速度诚少。再结合该段中的"inpopulationby99.9percent"可知，西方帝王蝶的数量已经下降了99.9%。B项“陡然下降"与画线词的意思圾为接近，故选B项。A理解具体信息根据第三段尾句"Tofoeuson...lossandpesticides"可知，研究人员排除了农业和人类发展对蝴蝶的影响，例如栖息地的丧失和杀虫剂的使用等。A推断根据第四段申的"Asforwhy..anddyingsooner"可知，秋季气候变暖导致蝴蝶醒着的时问更长，只能换饿，它们死亡得更快了。据此可推知，暖秋影响着蝴蝶的自然生命周期。D理解目的通读全文可知，第一段中的"Butanewstudyof...ofafactor"为全文主题句,再结合下文内容可知，本文旨在介绍导致蝴蝶数量下降的另一个因素。Passage2Afterdecadesofworktryingtosavethegiantpanda,Chineseofficialshaveannouncedthatthespeciesisnolongerendangered.Thepandashavebeenreclassifiedinthecountryfrom"endangered""to"vulnerable（脆弱的）"aftereffortstoincreasethepopulation.Nowthenumberhasrisentomorethan1,800inthewild."Chinahasestablishedarelativelycompletenaturereservesystem,"CuiShuhong,directoroftheDepartmentofNaturalEcologicalProtectionoftheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment,saidonWednesday."Largeareasofnaturalecosystemshavebeensystematicallyandcompletelyprotected,andwildlifehabitatshavebeeneffectivelyimproved."ThelatestclassificationupgradereflectsthepandasimprovedlivingconditionsandChina’seffortsinkeepingtheirhabitatsintegrated,Cuiadded.Bamboomakesup90%ofpandasdiets,andtheanimalswouldHikelystarvewithouttheshoots（嫩芽）.ExpertsbelieveChina’seffortstoreplantbambooforestshavebeenthekeytotheincreaseinthepopulationofpandas.Generallyspeaking,apandahastoeatatleast26poundsofbambooeverydaytomaintainitsenergy,solargeareasofbambooforestsareimportanttotheirsurvival.Plantingbambooalsohasadvantagesfortheplanet,asthebambooisgrass,notatree,andisincrediblyefficientatabsorbingcarbondioxide,aswellasemitting（发出）35%moreoxygenthantreesdo."TheChinesehavedoneagreatjobininvestinginpandahabitats,expandingreservesandsettingupnewreserves,"GinetteHemley,seniorvicepresidentforSpeciesConservationatWorldWildlifeFund,toldthemedia."Itisawonderfulexampleofwhatcanhappenwhenagovernmentiscommittedtoconservation."ContinuingChina’ssuccesswillbedependentonthecountryprotectinglandfromagriculturalandurbandevelopment.Aslandbecomesrarer,measureswillneedtobeextendedtoprotectmoreland,toensurebambooforestscanthriveandfinally,toprotectthefutureoftheworld’smostlovable,lazy,andmonochrome(blackandwhite)creature.1.WhatdoweknowaboutthegiantpandaaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Itisanendangeredspecies.B.Thenumberofitincreasesby1,800eachyearsC.Itspopulationhasdeclined.D.Ithasgotaclassificationupgrade.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromGinetteHemley’swords?A.Socialmediamakeadifference.B.Pandahabitatsaregettingsmaller.C.Thegovernment’scommitmentiscrucial.D.Settingupnewreservesisimpossible.3.WhatcanbethechallengeChinafacesinachievingcontinuedsuccess?A.Lazyandmonochromeanimals.B.LackofsupportfromWorldWildlifeFund.C.Theemissionofcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.D.Theinfluenceofagriculturalandurbandevelopment.4.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Anewswebsite. B.Anofficialreport. G.Atravelmagazine. D.Abiologytextbook.解析：D理解具体信息根据第一段第二句"Thepandashave...thepopulation"可知，中国已经将大熊猫从濒危物种重新分类为易危物种。2.C推断根据第六段CinetteHemley所说的话"TheChinesehave...newreserves"和"Itismittedtoconservation"可知,GinetteHemley认为，中国人在投资大熊猫栖息地扩大保护区和建立新的保护区方面做得很好,这个例子很好地说明了当政府致力于对动物的保护时会发生什么。据此可以推知政府的投人是至关重要的。D理解具体信息根据尾段第一句"ContinuingChina'ssuccessandurbandevelopment"可知，中国要想继续取得成功，就必须保护土地不受农业和城市发展的影晌。A推断通读全文可知，文章第一句"Afterdecadesof...nolongerendangered"为全文主旨句;结合文章第二段第一句中的"saidonWednesday"和下文内容可知，本文属于新闻。Passage3Humanseverspreadingpresencearoundtheglobeinfluencespatternsofbiologicalevolutioninwaysthatwearejustbeginningtoexplore.OntheGalápagosIslands,abodyofevidenceshowsthattheeffectofourpresenceisincreasing.LuisF.DeLeónfromtheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston,togetherwithother6scientistsspenttwoyearsobservingDarwin’sfinches（雀科小鸟）toevaluateoureffectsontheirbehavior.Theystartedbyconductingfeedingobservationsoncoexistingfinchspeciesatsitesthatrangedfromnon-urbanareastourbanareas.Theyalsoemployedfinch-humaninteractionexperimentstotestwhetherandhowfinchesrespondtohumanpresence.Tomeasurewhetherfinchfeedingpreferencesvariedwiththedegreeofurbanization,."cafeteria"experimentswerecarriedout—Fincheswerepresentedwithaselectionofhumanandnativefooditems.ThescientistsfoundthatDarwin’sfinchesfedalmostonhumanfoodslikericeandcookiesorintroducedgardenspeciesaturbanlocations.contrast,atnon-urbansites,finchesfedmainlyonnativeplantspeciesandinsects.Interactiontestssuggestthaturbanbirdsgetmoreaccustomedtothepresenceofhumans.Finally,atallsitesofregularhumanpresence,finchespreferredhumanfoodstonaturalfoods.Theresearcherswarnthatexploitingurbanenvironmentsmightpresentchallengesfororganisms,includingshorterlifespansbroughtbytheconsumptionofhighlyprocessedfoods.Furthermore,theyear-roundavailabilityofabundanthumanfoodsinurbanenvironmentsmightaffectecologicalandevolutionaryprocessesthatpromotedspeciesdiversity.Whiletheresultsclearlyshowashifttohumanfoodsaturbansites,theadaptivesignificanceofthatshiftisstillanopenquestion.Thesefindingsalsosuggestthathumanbehavioristhemaindriveroffinchpreferenceforhumanfoods.Theresearchersproposeapossibilitythattheeffectofhumanbehaviorisfacilitatedbyourtendencytofeedbirds,beitdirectlyorinadvertentlyviafooddroppingorlittering.1.Howdidthescientistscarryoutthestudy?A.Bycarryingoutexperimentsinlabs.B.Bytrainingfinchesandobservingresults.C.Byobservingfinchesinnaturalconditions.D.Byanalyzingfindingsfrompreviousexperiments.2.Whichisprobablyfinchesfavoritefoodatnon-urbansitesfrequentlyvisitedbyhumans?A.Rice. B.Aninsect. C.Thefruitofanativeplant. D.Theseedofanintroducedplant.3.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph5probablymean?A.Illegally. B.Voluntarily. C.Deliberately. D.Unintentionally.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindings?A.Allfinchesobservedarewillingtoapproachhumans.B.Humanfoodavailabilitymightleadtobiodiversityloss.C.Thereasonfortheshiftoffinchdietsremainsunknown.D.Themoreprocessedfoodsfinchesconsume,thelongertheylive.解析：C理解具体信息根据第二段中的"Theystartedbyconducting...non-urbanareastourbanareas"可知，研究人员首先在非城市和城市地区对共存的雀种进行喂食观察。据此可知，科学家们是通过在自然条件下观察雀科小鸟进行研究。A理解具体信息根据第三段尾句"Finally,atall...naturalfoods"可知，在人类经常出现的地方，雀科小鸟更喜欢人类的食物而不是天然的食物。稻米属手人类食物,故选A。D理解词汇根据尾段尾句中的"viafooddroppingorlittering"并结合常识可知,给鸟儿喂食为有意行为;丟弃食物为无意行为。故画线词意为"无意地"B推断。根据第四段第三句"Furthermore,theyear-round...speciesdiversity"可知，在城市环境中，一年四季丰富的人类食物供应可能会影响促进物种妥样化的生态和进化过程。据此可以推知，人类的食物供应可能会导致生物多样性的减少。Passage4Theyogurtthat’spastitssell-bydate.Thebananainyourlunchthatturnedbrown.Theleftoversinthefridgethatyouforgottoeat.Formostpeople,allthatfoodgoesrightintothegarbagecan.Eighttotenpercentofglobalgreenhousegasemissionsarerelatedtofoodwaste,accordingtoareportbytheUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange."WhenyouthrowawayaneggoraSandwich,"saysYvetteCabrera,foodwastedirectorattheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDG),you’realsothrowingawayalltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings."Theyincludenotonlyallthewater,land,andfertilizerthatwentintoproducingthatfood,butalsothemassiveamountsoffossilfuelsusedtopowerthefarms,transportthefood,andcreatethepackaging.Thenthere’stheissueofwhathappenstofoodafterit’sthrownout.MorefoodendsupinU.S.landfillsthananyothertypeoftrash.Foodrottinginlandfillsproducesmethane（甲烷），agreenhousegasthat’sroughly25timesmorepowerfulattrappingheatintheatmospherethancarbondioxide,whichisproducedbyburningfossilfuels.Foodwasteisadifficultproblemtosolve,though,inpartbecauseithappensfordifferentreasonsdependingonthecountry.Indevelopingnations,40percentoffoodislostbeforeiteverreachespeople’shomes,becausemanyofthosecountrieslackthetechnologyandtoolstopreservefood.It’sanotherstoryinwealthiercountries,wheremostofthefoodiswastedinpeople’skitchens.Americans,forexample,throwoutaquarteroftheirgrocerieseachyear,onaverage,accordingtotheNRDC.That’slikegoingtothegrocerystore,leavingwithfourbagsofgroceries,andthenthrowingoneofthemintothegarbagebeforeyougethome.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theproblemoffoodwaste.B.Theawarenessoffoodsaving.C.Thenecessityoffooddiversity.D.Thewaysoffoodpreservation.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inParagraph3referto?A.Theleftoversinthefridge.B.Thepackagingmaterialsofproducts.C.Thethrowneggsorsandwiches.D.Theresourcestoproducefood.3.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?A.Provideapersuasiveexample.B.Addmorebackgroundinformation.C.Discussamoreseriousconsequence.D.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.4.Inwhatstagedoesfoodwastemainlyhappenindevelopedcountries?A.Storage. B.Transportation. C.Processing. D.Consumption.解析：A【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提到食物浪费问题，第二段开始讲述全球温室气体排放与食物浪费有关，下面的段落均是对此做出具体说明，由此可知，本篇文章主要讲的是食物浪费问题，故选A项。D【解析】词义猜测题。指示代词that通常是指代上文的某个内容。根据第二段第二句中的Whenyouthrowawayaneggorasandwich*Iyou'realsothrowingawayalltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings可知，画线词That应是指代alltheresourcesthatwentintoproducingthosethings,而且画线词所在句又具体解释了这些资源不仅包括所有的水、土地和化肥，而且还有大量化石燃料，故选口项。C【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的MorefoodendsupintheU.S.landfills...producesmethane...that'sroughly25timesmorepowerfulattrappingheatintheatmospherethancarbondioxide可知，本段讲述的是食物被扔掉后会送去垃圾填埋场,垃圾填埋场中腐烂的食物会产生甲烷，甲烷是一种温室气体，其吸收大气热量的能力大约是二氧化碳的25倍。所以作者在本段想要讨论一个更严重的后果，故选C项4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，发达国家的食物浪费主要是在厨房，也就是食材的浪费，故选D项Passage5Createdin1998byCaseyandShelleyBlack,theNorthernLightsWildlifeWolfCenterfocusesonnotonlyrescuingyoungabandonedwolvesbuteducatingthepublic.Unlikeothercenters,youcanactuallywalkwiththewolvesandhaveexciting,hands-oninteractionwiththemhere.Andso,wegatheredonelatewintermorningtolearn,prepareandwalk.ScrappyandFlora,ourwolvesthatday,werebroughttothecenterwhenonlyafewdaysold."Theylivedinthehousewithusforthefirstseveralmonths.Wetreatedthemlikehumanbabies,fedthemandsleptwiththem,"saidShelley.So,theyaretotallyusedtopeople.However,thesearewildanimals.Forthatreason,ShelleyandCaseyexplained,thewalkistotallyonthewolf’sterms."Wedon’tapproachthem,butiftheycomeuptous,wecantouchthem."Withallthisinmind,weheadedforthewoods.Wewerewalkingonaloggingroadwhensuddenly,Flora,all60poundsofher,hurrieduptomeandraiseduponherlegs.Shewasalmostastallasme.Assheleanedin,putherhugemuddypawsonmyshouldersandsniffedmyface,apparentlyshewassayinghelloinwolftalk.Wewalkedfarther,maybehalfamile,whileScrappyandFloradashedinandoutofthewoodsstoppingoccasionallytorollinthesnow,digforthisorthatandjustplay.Thenweallheadedintothetreestoapicturesquestreamwherethewolvessplashed,drankandhadagreattime.Onecouldpointoutthatthiswholeadventurewasstagedandquiteartificial.Butthepurpose,CaseyandShelleysaid,istoexplainthewolvesplaceintheenvironmentand,primarily,toletpeopleknowwolvesdon’thavetobeuniversallyfearedtheyreallydon’thidesecretlyinthewoodsjustwaitingtoeatpeople,butthey’dratheravoidpeople,forthemostpart.1.HowistheNorthernLightsWildlifeWolfCenterdifferentfromothers?A.Ittrainsandeducateswildwolves.B.Itaimstorescueyoungabandonedwolves.C.Itraiseswolvesforcommercialpurposes.D.Itallowsvisitorstotakeawalkwithwolves.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromShelleyandCasey’sexplanationinParagraph2?A.Thewalkcanbepotentiallydangerous.B.Thewolveshavelostalltheirwildness.C.Peopleshouldgetclosetothewolvesactively.D.Thewolvescanreadpeople’smindlikehumanbabies.3.WhydidFlorabehavelikethatwhenshesawtheauthorontheloggingroad?A.Toexpresscuriosity.B.Toshowfriendliness.C.Toattractattention.D.Toseekcompanionship.4.WhydoCaseyandShelleyorganizesuchanadventure?A.Toadvertisethecenter.B.Topublicizewolfhunting.C.Topromoteenvironmentalprotection.D.Toclarifysomeconventionalviewsofwolves.解析：

1．D．细节理解题．根据文章第一段Unlikeothercenters，youcanactuallywalkwiththewolvesandhaveexciting，hands-oninteractionwiththemhere．可知与其他中心不同的是，你可以和狼一起行走，并在这里与它们进行令人兴奋的、动手的互动．由此可见，它允许游客和狼一起散步．故选D．

2．A．推理判断题．根据第二段Forthatreason，ShelleyandCaseyexplained，thewalkistotallyonthewolf'sterms．"Wedon'tapproachthem，butiftheycomeuptous，wecantouchthem．"可知出于这个原因，雪莱和凯西解释说，走路完全是按照狼的说法，"我们不接近他们，但如果他们接近我们，我们可以触摸他们．"由此可见，步行可能有潜在的危险．故选A．

3．B．细节理解题．根据文章第三段Wewerewalkingonaloggingroadwhensuddenly，Flora，all60poundsofher，hurrieduptomeandraiseduponherlegs．Shewasalmostastallasme．Assheleanedin，putherhugemuddypawsonmyshouldersandsniffedmyface，apparentlyshewassayinghelloinwolftalk．可知我们在一条伐木路上走着，突然，弗洛拉，她60磅重的身躯，冲到我跟前，用腿站起来．她几乎和我一样高．当她靠在我身上，把她泥泞的大爪子放在我肩上，闻了闻我的脸，显然她是在和狼说话时打招呼．由此可见，它主要是表示友好．故选B．

4．D．推理判断题．根据最后一段Butthepurpose，CaseyandShelleysaid，istoexplainthewolves'placeintheenvironmentand，primarily，toletpeopleknowwolvesdon'thavetobeuniversallyfeared-theyreallydon'thidesecretlyinthewoodsjustwaitingtoeatpeople，butthey'dratheravoidpeople，forthemostpart．可知但是，凯西和雪莱说，目的是解释狼在环境中的位置，主要是让人们知道狼不必普遍害怕，它们真的不需要躲在树林里等着吃人，但在大多数情况下，它们宁愿避开人．由此可见，凯西和雪莱组织这样的冒险是为了澄清对狼的一些传统看法．故选D．Passage6Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesareleft,representingashocking8%declineinasingleyearandthelowestnumberinabout20yearsforthisfamousspecies.Humanimpacts-specificallyfishingnetsandshipstrikes-remainthebiggestthreatstothesurvivalofthisspeciesineasternCanadaandtheUnitedStates.NorthAtlanticrightwhaleshavebeenindeclinesince2011whenthespecieswasatanestimated481whales.Inthepastdecade,thespecieshasdecreasedby30%.Recentresearchshowsthesethreatsareaffectingtheiroverallhealthwithlessenergytodevotetowardgrowthandreproduction(繁殖),andbodylengthsreducingoverthepastfourdecades.Researchersestimatetherearefewerthan100breeding（繁育的）femalesaliveandmorethan86%ofidentifiedwhaleshadbeenentangled（被网困住）atleastonceintheirlifetime.Thereisstillhope:in2021,scientiststracked18mother-kidpairs,anumberthatiscauseforoptimism-thoughstillwellbelowtheannualaverageof23pairsfromthepreviousdecade.Industryrepresentatives,governmentagencies,andorganizations,includingWWF,gatheredinOctober2011attheannualNorthAtlanticRightWhaleConsortiummeetingtodiscussandarrangerightwhaleconservationeffortsintheUSandCanada."It’sgoingtobechallenging,buteveryoneinvolvedinrightwhaleconservationbelieveswecancreateanenvironmentwhererightwhalescanbounceback,"saidChrisJohnson,thegloballeaderforWWF’sProtectingWhalesandDolphinsinitiative."However,it’sgoingtotakesignificantinvestmentandthegreatesturgencyandcommitmenttocreateconditionswhereweprevententanglementsandcollisionswithshipsinthewhales’criticalhabitats."1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherightwhalepopulation?A.Wellconserved. B.Slowlydecreasing.C.Rapidlygrowing. D.Criticallyendangered.2.WhatdoesChrisJohnsonsayabouttherightwhaleconservation?A.Itneedsthegovernmenttobanfishingincertainareas.B.Itwillnotworkwithoutfundsfromthegovernment.,C.Itcanhelpincreasethenumberofrightwhales.D.Itisnotpracticalandwillfaileventually.3.Whatcanwelearnaboutfemalerightwhales?A.Mostofthemhaveneverbeenentangled.B.Motherrightwhalesmayhaveslightlydecreased.C.Therearemorefemalerightwhalesthanmalerightwhales.D.Theirpopulationhasdecreasedby30%inthepastdecade.4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttherightwhalespecies?A.Theirsizehasbeendecreasingduetoclimatechanges.B.Theymayhavefoundhomeinotherpartsoftheocean.C.Theywerehuntedbypeoplefortheirmeatinthepast.D.Theyarewellonthewaytodyingoutifnotwellprotect.解析：D理判断题。根据第一段的“Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesarelefi,representingashocking$%declineinasingleyearandthelowestnumberinabout20yearsforthisfamousspecies.（北大西洋露脊鲸仅存366头，代表着仅一年就下降了惊人的8%，这是这个著名物种近20年来的最低数量。）和第二段的"NorthAtlanticrightwhaleshavebeenindeclinesince2011whenthespccieswasatanestimated481.Inthepastdecade,ithasdecrcasedby30%（自2011年以来，北大西洋露脊鲸数量一直在下降，当时该物种的数量估计为431头。在过去的十年里，它下降了30%。)”可推断，从露脊鲸的数量来看，露脊鲸是极度濒危的。故选D。C推理判断题，根据最后一段的ChrisJobnson说的话"i'sgoingtobechallenging,buteveryoneinvolvedinrightwhaleconservationbelieveswecancreateanenvironmentwhererightwhalescanbounceback(这将是具有挑战性的，但每个参与露脊鲸保护的人都相信，我们可以创造一个露脊综可以恢复的环境）可推断，ChrisJohnsoni人为对露脊鲸的保护有助于提高露脊鲸的数量。故选C。B细节理解题，根据第一段的"Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesarelefi(北大西洋露脊鲸仅存366头）第二段的“Researchersestimatetherearefewerthan100breeding（繁育的）femalesaliveandmorethan86%ofidentifiedwhaleshadbeenentangled（被网困住)atleastonceintheirlifetime（研究人员估计，只有不到100只繁育雌性存活，超过$6%的己确认的综鱼一生中至少被被网困住一次。）”可知，母鲸可能已经路有减少了。故选B。D推理判断题。根据第一段的"Only366NorthAtlanticrightwhalesareleft,representingashocking8%declineinasingleyearandthelowestnumberinabout20ycarsforthisfamousspecies.（只剩下366头北大西洋露脊節，代表着一年内惊人的$%的下降，这是这著名物种20年来的最低数量）〝和第三段内容"Thereisstillhope:in2021,scientiststracked18mother-kidpairs.anumberthatiscauseforoptimism-thoughstillwellbelowtheannualaverageof23pairsfromthepreviousdecade.（仍然有希望：在2021年，科学家们追踪了18对母子，一个值得乐观的数字,尽管仍远低于前10年23对母子的年平均水平。）可知，露脊鲂现存数量极少，下降很快，因此推断如果不好好保护它们将会走向灭绝。故选D。Passage7TheAdéliepenguin,whichhasbeennamedPingu,wasdiscoveredbyalocalresidentHarrySingh"lookinglost"ontheshoresofNewZealand,over3,000kilometersawayfromitsnaturalhabitat."AtfirstIthoughtitwasasofttoy,"Singhtoldthemedia."Butsuddenlythepenguinmoveditshead,soIrealizeditwasreal.Itdidn’tmoveforonehour...andlookedexhausted."Hethencalledpenguinrescuersashewasconcernedthatitwasnotgettingintothewater,makingitapotentialtargetforanypredatory（捕食性)animalswanderingonthebeach.Onarrivingatthescene,ThomasStracke,whohasbeenrehabilitating(1€AIL)penguinsonNewZealand’sSouthIslandforthelast10years,wasshockedtofindthatthepenguinwasanAdéliepenguin-aspeciesthatlivesexclusivelyontheAntarcticpeninsula.Strackesaid,"ItisquiteunusualsincetheyareknownonlylivingintheAntarcticarea.Fortunately,apartfrombeingabitstarvingandseverelydehydrated,itwasactuallynottoobad,sowegaveitsomefluidsandsomefishsmoothies."ItisonlythethirdrecordedincidentofanAdéliepenguinbeingfoundonNewZealand’scoast-thepreviousrecordedincidentswerein1962and1993—andalthoughsitesremainincrediblyrare,iftheybecomemorecommonitcouldbeaworryingsign,sayexperts."IthinkifwestartedgettingannualarrivalsofAdéliepenguins,we’dgoactually.Something’schangedintheoceanthatweneedtounderstand,"zoologyprofessorPhilipSeddonintheUniversityofOtagotoldTheGuardian."Morestudieswillgiveusmoreunderstandingaboutwherepenguinsgo,whattheydo,whatthepopulationtrendsarelike-they’regoingtotellussomethingaboutthehealthofthatoceanecosystemingeneral."PinguhasnowbeenreleasedintoabayontheBanksPeninsula,anditishopedthatitmaybeabletomakethejourneyhome.1.WhathappenedtoPingu?A.Itwashuntedbylocalpeople.B.Itlostitsfoodandlookedupset.C.Itwasfindinganewnaturalhabitat.D.ItlandedNewZealandbyaccident.2.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph4?A.Introduceanewtopictodiscuss.B.Listnumberstoproveanopinion.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.3.WhatcanbeinferredfromPhilip’swords?A.Thenumberofpenguinsisonthedecrease.B.Thehealthoftheoceanecosystemshouldbeconcerned.C.Morestudiesaboutpenguinshavebeenundertaken.D.AdéliepenguinshavebuilthabitatsinNewZealand.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.TheUnexpectedArrivalofaRarePenguinB.TheDangerousSituationofAdéliePenguinsC.AnAmazingDiscoverybyaLocalResidentD.MagicalTraveltoNewZealand解析：本文为一篇夹叙夹议。文章主要介绍了在新西兰海岸发现了一只阿德利企鹅，本属于南极洲的小企鹅，旦这是记录里的第三次在新西兰发现了这种企鹉，并说明了这应该引!起我们的重视，应该去了解是否是海洋的生态系统发生了变化。D细节理解题。根据文章第一段“TheAdeliepenguin,whohasbeennamedPingu,wasdiscoveredbyalocalresidentHarrySingh"lookinglost”ontheshoresofNewZealand,over3,000kilomctersavayfromitsnaturalhabitat.（被叫做Pingu的阿德利企鹅被当地居民HarrySingh在新西兰海岸发现，离它的天然栖息地大约3000公里远)可知，这只本生活在南极洲的企势在新西兰被发现，它意外地登上了新西兰。故选D。C推理判断题，根据文章第四段"ItisonlythethirdrecordedincidentofanAdeliepenguinbeingfoundonNewZealand'scoast-thepreviouswerein1962and1993-andalthoughsitingsremainincrediblyrare,iftheybecomemorecommonitcouldbeaworryingsign,sayexperts.(这是记录里的第三次在新西兰海岸发现了阿德利企鹅，之前是在1962年和1993年，尽管这种事情发生的很少，但是如果这种事变得常见了的话，那就会引1起恐慌）可知，前文提出在新西兰海岸发现了一只阿德利企鹅，本段说这一次不是第一次，之前也发生过两次。由此可知，本段提出一些之前的背景信息，以引起重视。故选C。B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段w1thinkifwestartedgetingannualarrivalsofAdeliepenguins,we'dgoactually,something'schangedintheoceanthatweneedtounderstand,"OtagoUniversityzoologyprofessorPhilipSeddontoldTheGuardian."Morestudieswillgiveusmoreunderstandingwherepenguinsgo,whattheydo,whatthepopulationtrendsarelike-they'regoingtotellussomethingaboutthehealthofthatoceanecosystemingeneral：（我认为如果我们开始每年都有阿德利企超的到来，我们会发现实际上，海洋中发生了一些我们需要了解的变化，“奥塔戈大学动物学教授PhilipSeddon告诉《卫报》。〝更多的研究将让我们更多的了解企鹅去哪里，他们做什么，种族趋势是什么样子的-，它们也即将告诉我们关于海洋生态系统整体健康的一些信息。〝”可知，在PhilipSeddon看来，我们应该重视阿德利企鹅的到来，因为它预示着海洋中正在发生一些变化，需要我们去了解，故生态系统的健康需要引起我们的重视。故选B。4.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"TheAdeliepenguin,whohasbeennamedPingu,wasdiscoveredbyalocalresidentHarrySingh"lookinglost”ontheshoresofNewZealand,over3.000kilometersavayfromitsnaturalbabitat.(被叫做Pinqu的阿德利企鹅被当地居民HarrySingh在新西兰海岸发现，离它的天然栖息地大约3000公里远)可知，本文主要国绕着在新西兰发现了本该属于南极洲的阿德利企鹉，并说明了这应该引(起我们的重视，应该去了解是否是海洋的生态系统发生了变化。由此可知，“稀有企鹅的意外到访”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A.Passage8StudentsatHuonvilleHighSchoolinAustraliaareridingbikesoutofdesiretofightclimatechange,carryingoutadizzyingly-thoroughtransformationoftheirschoolbuildingintoanenergy-efficientinspiration.It’spayingoffbigtime,asthey’vehelpedsave$44,000inutilitybillssincetheystartedtheirenergy-savingproject,butit’salsoinspiringyoungpeopleinthecommunity.RecentlytheschoolwontheZayedFutureEnergyPrizeof$133,000,someofwhichwasusedtoturnabuildingintotheZayedFutureEnergyHub,aclubhousewhere13