2018年高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题四任务型阅读第二步真题演练一版含答案

三年真题集中演练2017江苏卷2015江苏卷2015江苏卷真题演练(一)[20仃江苏]PopulationChangeWhyistheworld'spopulationgrowing?Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof3O.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury ,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld'spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel(i.e.2.1birthsperwoman)andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(especiallysince80%oftheworld'speoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou'dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstanee.Whatdoesitimply?First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon'tbend,Russia'spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen'sbytheyear2050.InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia'sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.ln2030,asixthofthecountry'spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.

Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA,itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit'slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthovertheIongerterm.卩opul*I>ecliii.eofthebirthratePopuhhonand748cconcI>ecliii.eofthebirthratePopuhhonand748cconcmicpre翱ureliwouldbedifficultfordevelopedcouncrieslo the72.size/scaleofpopulfution.Iheimpactofdrappingbirthraleondevelopingcaynlriesmaynotbe73.immediatetmtdisastrous.Inguaranteeiueennornicgrowth,Chinan亡&銘tnde^lwishthepupulafiDniwwproper!yn iuworkersaregetting75.old/0lckrrThe76.亡刖li«erdeathofRiissiansmayresultin歆ishrinkiiiEpt^piildlioEinwhithwoulddsiimagcitseconomicfulure.ItwouldbebcElcri『tanthLmgcpcopk"swayofTTJiving/liifc.AmericansoludonTheusawilljrKre^se.trcm20川-劉駡仏itspopulaiionbyIhromgh79,immi-gnuionAmericansoludonTheusawilljrKre^se.trcm20川-劉駡仏itspopulaiionbyIhromgh79,immi-gnuion.TTiiswill刑L萤fQP型空些forlhehekycnirigworkftnice・语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界人口增长的原因，并分析了几个国家存在的人口问题。答案lower解析根据第一段最后一句“....decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.”可知，出生率的下降是21世纪的特征，也就是说，21世纪的出生率可能会比20世纪的更低，且much/even/far/alot/alittle等修饰比较级，故填lower。答案size/scale解析根据第二段中的 “...almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.”可知，大部分发达国家正经历着人口负增长， 也就是说发达国家难以保持人口的规模，"人口的规模”用thesize/scaleofpopulation表达。答案immediate解析根据第二段中的“...whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.”可知，发展中国家出生率的下降可能会导致几十年后灾难性的劳动力短缺，由withinafewdecades可知出生率下降带来的影响可能不会立即显现出来，故填 immediate。74．答案economic解析文章第三、四、五段分别分析了中国、俄罗斯、印度存在的人口问题以及对本国经济发展的影响，结合第三、五段中出现的economicdevelopment以及第四段中出现的economicpromise可判断填economic。75．答案old/older解析根据第三段第一句“AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina ，forinstanee.”可知，中国很有可能出现年轻劳动力减少的问题，也就是说中国的劳动力群体正在变老，此处既可以用old的原级，也可以用其比较级。76．答案earlier解析根据第四段中的“...peopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.”可知，当前俄罗斯人的寿命比 1961年时要短，liveashorterlife可以同义替换为earlierdeath（早逝）。77．答案living/life解析根据第四段中的“...butpoordietandabovealllong-timealeoholismhavemuehtodowithit.”可知，糟糕的饮食习惯尤其是长期酗酒与俄罗斯人寿命变短有很大的关系，所以需要改变人们的生活方式，“生活方式”可以用wayofliving/life表达。78．答案equality解析根据第五段中的“Inafurthertwist，birthrateishighestinpoorlyedueatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyedueatedurbanareas.”可知，在教育水平落后的农村地区出生率最高，而在教育水平发达的城市地区出生率最低。由此可以推断，暂