美国文学(1)殖民地时期文学

美国文学史及选读HistoryAndAnthologyofAmericanLiterature主讲教师：吴静副教授TableofContentsTableofContentsIntroductionBriefOutlineofAmericanLiteratureChapterIColonialPeriod

IntroductionAmericanLiterature

AmericanliteratureistheliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens.Canonofliteratureconcurrenceofciritcspersistentinfluencefrequentreferencetoanauthororworkwildspreadassignmentideology,politicalinterestandvalueofeliteclassHistoricalOverviewColonialPeriod(1607-1765)殖民时期Enlightenment&theWarofIndependence(1765-1800)启蒙时期RomanticPeriod（1800-1865）浪漫主义时期RealisticPeriod(1865-1918)现实主义时期Modernism(1918-1945)现代主义时期ContemporaryLiterature(1945-)当代文学ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOne主要内容:Generalbackground,majorwritersandtheirworks重点难点:AmericanPuritanismanditsinfluenceonAmericanLiteratureI.HistoricalIntroduction1earlyhistory:1)AmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyColumbusattheendofthe15thcentury.2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean(Jamestown,Virginia)3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.(Plymouth,Massachusetts)2.people:Indianswerenativeinhabitants.NowAmericansaremainlyimmigrantsmostlyfromEurope,esp.fromEngland.TheColonizationTheGreatDiscoveryoftheNewLandin1492byColumbusHenryVII,KingofEngland,establishedin1497aclaimtothecontinentaldomain.QueenElizabethcametothethroneofEnglandin1558,begantotakeaseriousinterestintherealestateintheNewWorld.Underherencouragement,manymerchantsandsailorshadbeguntheirexploringjourneysintotheNewLand.Amongthem,therewasapersonnamedCaptainJohnSmith.thefoundingofJamestowninVirginiain1607.3.

WhatisthePuritan?(p7-9)PuritanisEnglishprotestant.TheyregardedthereformationoftheChurchunderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforitsfurther“purification”fromwhattheyconsideredtobeunscriptural

andcorruptformsandceremoniesretainedfromtheunreformedchurch.3.

WhatisthePuritanism?(p7-9)PuritanismisareligiousandpoliticalmovementthatdevelopedinEnglandaboutthemiddleofthe16thcenturyandlaterspreadinfluenceintotheNewEnglandinAmerica.

The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:

onepartofthemwerethecreatorsofthePlymouth(普利茅斯)colony,called“Separatists”.

TheotherpartwastheEnglishmenintheMassachusettsBayColony.ThoughtheycamelaterthanthoseofPlymouthcolony,theywerericherandbetter-educated.TheirBeliefsTheyregardedthemselvesaschosenpeopleofGod.Theyembracedhardships,industryandfrugality.Theyfavoredadisciplined,hard,somber,asceticandharshlife.Theyopposedartsandpleasure.Theysuspectjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin.MainDoctrinesofAmericanPuritanismthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandatonement.StrongSenseofMission:PuritansdreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderandworkedwithahopetobuildaGardenofEdeninAmerica.Thisshowsthattheyareindeedidealists.Puritanismencouragedpeopletostruggleintheircareer.Ifone’sbusinesswasbooming,itprovedthathehadgainedgod’sprovidence.Puritansstressedhardwork,thrift,pietyandsobriety.Inpeople’sdailylife,religiousactivitieswereamatteroffirstimportance.Theirlivesweredisciplinedandhard.WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica?

(1)

toreformtheChurchofEngland

(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch

(3)toescapereligiouspersecution

*God’schosenpeople

*ToseekanewGardenofEden

*Tobuild“CityofGodonearth”II.EarlyAmericanWritersandPoets1.South,Jamestown,Virginia:CaptainJohnSmith---firstAmericanwriter;8worksContributions:hisdescriptionofAmericawerefilledwiththemes,myths,images,scenes,charactersandeventsthatwereafoundationforthenation’sliterature.HeluredthePilgrimsintofleeinghereandcreatingaNewland.2.North,NewEngland,PuritanWritersWilliamBradford:firstgovernorofPlymouth,TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation,simplicity,earnestness,directreporting,readable,moving.JohnWinthrop:firstgovernorofBoston,TheHistoryofNewEngland,

3.TwoPoets:AnneBradstreet,EdwardTaylorJohnSmith(1580-1631)IntroductiontotheauthorHewasanEnglish

soldier,sailor,andauthorHeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown,Virginia.HewasaleaderoftheVirginia佛吉尼亚州

Colony(basedatJamestown)betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609,andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay.切萨皮克湾[ChesapeakeBay]

美国东部大西洋沿岸的海湾。南段在弗吉尼亚，北段在马里兰，长311千米，宽5～40千米面积约8,365平方千米。有多条河流注入，其中包括萨斯奎汉纳河、帕塔克森特河、波托马克河和詹姆斯河。詹姆斯敦是海湾区的第一个欧洲人居住区，建于1607年。一年后，J.史密斯船长探测并绘制了海湾及其各河口的地图。切萨皮克湾的水域有丰富的海洋生物，但到20世纪70年代，周围地区的开发使得海湾的污染严重，捕鱼量急遽下降。为了弥补损失政府已采取了各种措施。2.HisliteraryachievementsHeisthefirstAmericanWriter.Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwiththetitle“ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”(1608).AMapofVirginia:withaDescriptionoftheCountry(1621)GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624)波卡洪塔斯[Pocahontas]

波瓦坦族印第安妇女，在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦善待殖民者，从而维护了英国殖民者与美洲土著之间的和平。为有权势的波瓦坦人酋长之女。她插手营救了被俘的殖