江苏省苏州市2019届高三期期调研英语试题含答案

..2018—2019学年第一学期高三期初调研试卷.考前须知1.本试卷分为第一卷(选择题)和第二卷(非选择題)，总分值120分。考试时间120分钟。2.请将第一卷的答案填涂在答趙卡上，第二卷请直接在答題卡上规定的地方作答。答题前，务必将自己的学校、、考试号等相关信息写在答题卡上规定的地方。第I卷〔选择题，共80分)第一局部：听力理解(共两节，总分值15分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音容完毕后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每题1分，总分值5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers"A.Salesmanandcustomer.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Doctorandpatient.2.HowmanybooksdidMr.Robinsonremend"A.6. B.8.C.16.3.WhatdoweknowaboutBillfromtheconversation"A.Heislazy. B.Heisforgetful.C.Heisfearless.4.Whatisthecauseoftheirplaint"A.Theheat. B.Thelecture.C.Theairquality.5.Whydidtheofficerstopthewoman"A.Shewasspeeding.B.Hethoughtshewasindanger.C.Sheplayedthemusicsoloud.第二节(共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分)听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6、7题。6.Whatwasthesurveyabout"A.Atelevisionprogram.B.Anewshoppingcenter.C.Anewly-builtrailwaystation.7.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetotheplan"A.Shethinksitisstupid.B.Shestronglyremendsit.C.Shethinksitdeservescarefulconsideration.听第7段材料，答复第8、9题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablyhappen"A.Attheairport. B.Attheticketoffice.C.Atthehotel9.WhatwillthewomandoinBerlin"A.Attendameeting. B.Seeherfriend.C.Haveamedicalexam听第8段材料，答复第10至12题。10.WhatdoesthewomanplainaboutSteve"A.Heislateforworkeveryday.B.Heturnsinhisreportslateeverytime.C.Hedoesnotgetalongwellwithothers.11.WhatdoesthemanthinkofSteve"A.Lazy. B.Sensitive.C.Smart12.HowwillthespeakerssolveSteve’sproblem"A.Byfiringhim. B.Bytalkingtohim.C.Bycuttingshorthisholiday听第9段材料，答复第13至15题。13.Whatdidthespeakerusetodoforaliving"A.Heranavillageshop.B.Heworkedasagardener.C.Heworkedinanadvertisingagency.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker'sformerjob"A.Itwasstressful. B.Itwasboring.C.C.Itwaslow-paid.15.Whatmadethespeakerchangehislifestyle"A.Thedeclineofhishealth.B.Thebreakupofhisfamily.C.Thedesiretostarthisownbusiness.第二局部：英语知识运用(共两节，总分值35分)第一节单项选择(共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。16.Formiddle-agedpeople,fatismorelikelyto_______aroundthehipsandstomachs.A.acquire B.approach C.achieve D.accumulate17.Nowalloftheworld'sconcentrationison_______itisthatthetradewarwilletoanend.A.which B.where C.how D.what18.Youngpeoplelivinginbigcitiesprefertobuynewenergycars_____theincreasingoilprice.A.inresponseto B.inlinewith C.inexchangeforD.infavorof19.Wehavebeentryingtotraintheyoungpeoplewhowerehiredlastmonth,butthey_______theirbesttolearn.A.didn’tdo B.arenotdoing C.werenotdoing D.hadn'tdoneWeattendedthemeetingintheschoollecturehalllastnight, seatsmorethan300students.A.which B.whose C.when D.where21.—Areyoufamiliarwiththenewmanagerofourdepartment"—Sure.Wehappened_______aroomwhenwewereonbusinesslastyear.A.sharing B.tohaveshared C.havingshared D.toshare22.Todayyourpowerofleadershipdependsontheeffectonothers—thatis,thekeytosuccessfulleadershipis______,notauthority.A.affection B.intelligence C.passion D.influence23.Theresearchshowedthatitwouldbemorethantenyears_____levelsofdangerousfineparticularmatterinBeijingwoulddroptothesafelevel.A.since B.when C.before D.tillThenewswouldhavegotaroundinaninstant______anInternetwaybackthen.A.werethere B.hadtherebeen C.iftherewouldbe D.iftherewas25.PeopleworkinginITindustryhavetokeeponstudyingnewtechnology______theycankeepafavorablepositioninthejobmarket.A.inthat B.incase C.sothat D.nowthat26.Fourboysoutofatotalof12youngsoccerteammembershavebeenrescuedafter_______inacaveinnorthernThailandformorethantwoweeks.A.beingtrapped B.havingtrappedC.trapped D.trapping27.Thesmellandfeelofanewbookisattractive,butI______inlovewithaudiobooksoverthelastfewyears.A.fall B.amfalling C.fellD.havefallen28.—Tomcan’tsparetimetoattendourpartytonight.—Well,______,forheisawetblanket.A.that’stheproblem B.that’sarelief C.whatapityD.takecare29.SellersonTaobaowillacceptthereturnofgoodsiftheydonot______whatthecustomershaveordered.A.correspondto B.contributeto C.subscribeto D.stickto30.NobodycanimaginethatMr.Wang,therichestmaninthecity,was_____whenhewastwenty.A.hotunderthecollar B.downinthedumpsC.aspoorasachurchmouse D.ascoolasacucumber第二节完形填空(共20小题；每题1分，总分值20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MykidssatonGee'slivingroomfloorandrespectfullyliftedChristmasdecorationsoutofacardboardbox.Theyshoutedwith31whentheydiscoveredatinytoycat.Finally,mysonwas32aboutatinymodernhelicopter,justonthecontrary,mydaughterwitha(n)33MickeyMouse.Geestoodbesidethem,34eachtreasure.SheturnedtomeandcontinuedtosaysheandTombuilttheir35overtimebybuyingoneortwoniceoneseachyearintheafter-Christmassales.Eventually,we36,withboxesinmyarmsandshewassmiling.Her37belongings,gatheredoveralifetime,foundanewhome.Wefirst38 TomandGeeintheearlydaysofourmarriage.JimandIworkedfull-time,andinthemorningwe 39ourgarbagecansontheroadside,whichwouldhavetowaitthelong,lonely10hoursthereuntilwereturnedto40them.Everydaywe’dehometofindthemneatly41intheirspotnexttoourgarage.Finallywesawanoldcouplewho42withhis10-year-oldgrandsonacrossfromuspickthemup.TomandGee43pickedupgarbagecansandtaughtuswhatit44tobeaneighbor.Theytaughtusthat45doesn’tendataboundaryline.It 46toallthesepeople.Thesepeople,the47amongthemandthelovethatflowsthroughthemallexplainwhatahomeis.ThisChristmas,we’llmakeourtreeattractivewithGee's48.We’llbringbeautifullypackagedChristmaspresentstosome49likethecouple.Toothers,we'll50awaveanda"MerryChristmas.〞31.A.careB.horrorC.delightD.caution32.A.doubtfulB.anxiousC.pitifulD.crazy33.A.wornB.traditionalColdD.silly34.A.designingB.gettingC.explainingD.weighing35.A.collectionsB.interestC.possessionsD.pleasure36.A.refusedB.arrivedC.selectedD.left37.A.strangeB.preciousC.modemD.spare38.A.metB.invitedC.acceptedD.thanked39.A.laidB.emptiedC.desertedD.stored40.A.storeupB.dealwithC.makeoutD.careabout41.A.buriedB.transformedC.placedD.developed42.A.livedB.quarreledC.workedD.wandered43.A.carelesslyB.quietlyC.casuallyD.violently44.A.occurredB.meantC.reflectedD.expected45.A.privacyB.hopeC.peaceD.home46.A.turnsB.addsC.agreesD.extends47.A.controlB.wordsC.connectionsD.fort48.A.decorationsB.fundC.methodsD.donation49.A.partnersB.strangersC.neighborsD.relatives50.A.stopB.createkeepD.exchange第三局部：阅读理解(共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分)请认真阅读以下短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFreelancewritersWantedAssociatedContentisanonlinepublishingplatformthatenablesanyonetoearnmoneybywritingarticlesontheWeb.WritingforACisagreatworkopportunityforstudents,stay-at-homeparentsandfreelancewriters.Youcanworkonyourowntimeandprovidepapers,reviews,essays,etc.onanytopicthatyouhaveinterestin.Thisisajobyoucandofromanywhere—allyouneedisaccesstotheInternet.Here’showyougetstarted:1)Goto.associatedcontent./join/hotjobs.2)Followtheinstructionstoregister.3)Followinyourprofile(简介)，makingnoteofyourpreviousexperienceandyourareasofexperience(ifany).4)Startprovidingarticles.You'llbeginearningmoneyassoonasyourarticlesarepublishedandtheamountisbasedonthepageviewsitreceives.Inadditiontoourownlibraryofcontent,wehavehundredsofpartners(PartnerContentTeam)whoworkwithACtoobtainhigh-quality.Assuch,therearelotsofopportunitiesforourmosttalentedandproductivewriterstoaccept"PartnerAssignments〞onanas-neededbasis.Ifyou'reinterestedinacceptinghigherpayingPartnerAssignments,sendusalinktoyourACprofileonceyouhaveprovidedatleastfivearticles.WewillreviewallarticlesandpassthemalongtoourPartnerContentTeam.Ifselected,youwillstartreceivingspecialpaidassignmentsfromusonaregularbasis,whichyouarefreetoacceptorignore.NOTE:wepayourwritersviaPayPaldaily.Anyquestions"Emailme:demelasociatedcontent.51.YoucanwriteforAConconditionthatyou____.A.haveaccesstotheInternet B.haverichexperienceinwritingC.mustbefreeathome D.mustprovideatleastfivearticles52.PartnerContentTeamismentionedheretoA.showoffitsrichlibraryofcontentB.laystressontheimportanceofcooperationC.seekmoresupportfromotherbusinesspartnersD.attractmorepeopletowritearticlesforACBNotonlydoestheuseofdisposable(—次性的〕plasticwaterbottleshurtyourwallet,italsoincreasespollution,wastesenergy,andsurprisinglywasteswater.Only23%ofallplasticinAmericaendsupinarecyclingbin,meaningover$1billionworthofplasticiswastedayear.Justtheproductionofwaterbottlesusesenoughoilannuallytofuel1.3millioncarsforanentireyear,andasinglebottlerequiresthreetimesmorewatertoproducethantofillit.Insteadofcarryingaroundareusablewaterbottle,whichyou’lleitherloseorleaveathome,causingthepurchaseofyetanotherdisposablebottle,SkippingRocksLabhaseupwithadifferentsolution—aneatable,biodegradable(可由生物降解的〕waterbottle.Oohoisaconvenient,clearwaterpodthatcaneitherbedrunkoreaten.Todrinkit,youcaneitherpeeloffthemembrane(薄膜〕ortearaholeinthemembranewithyourteethtopourthewaterintoyourmouth.Toeatit,yousimplypopthewholepodinyourmouth.Thecasingmayappearfragile(易碎的)，butOohocreatorRodrigoGarciaGonzalezsaysthebubblecasingisliketheskinofafruit.Themembranepackagingbiodegradesinfourtosixweeks,likeapieceoffruit.OneproblemthescientistsanddesignersatSkippingRocksLabhaverunintoishowtoshiplargeamountsofOohobubbleswithoutarrivingwithaverywettruck.Fortunately,theyhavesuccessfullypackagedunitsofindividualOohobubblestogetherinsidealargerandthickermembrane,similartotheonesfoundaroundthesmallerspheres(球体).Thepriceforanindividualbubbleoraunitofbubbleshasnotbeensetyet,butitcostsabouttwocentstocreateaunit,whichissignificantlycheaperthanplasticbottles.Oohoisinitiallytargetinglargeoutdoorevents,suchasmarathons,musicfestival,andsportingevents,wheretonsofplasticbottlesareused,oronlypartiallyused,andfrequentlyleftbehindaslitter.IthasalreadyappearedateventsinLondon,SanFrancisco,Boston,atconferences,festivals,andsoon.Oohoiscatchingmanypeople’sattentionandhasraisedover$1millionandgained1,000investorsinonlythreedays.Itisquicklymakingarise,sokeepaneyeoutthisyearforthesebottlesofthefuture.53.TheauthorusesParagraph1mainlyto_____.A.warnpeopleoftheshortageofoilforcarsB.presenttheproblemsofdisposableplasticbottlesC.introducetheapplicationofdisposableplasticbottlesD.appealtopeopletosavewaterforourfuturegeneration54.paredtodisposableplasticbottles,theadvantageofOoholiesinthat______.A.itcanbeeasilytransported B.itisenvironmentallyfriendlyC.ithasafavorableappearance D.itkeepswaterfreshforfourtosixweeks55.WhatcanweknowaboutOohofromthepassage"A.Ithastobeshippedinwettrucks.B.Itsmembraneismadefromtheskinsoffruits.C.Itwouldbesoldatalowerpricethandisposableplasticbottles.D.Ithastakentheplaceofdisposableplasticbottlesatconferences.CProcrastinators(拖延症患者)，takenote:Ifyou’vetriedbuildingself-controlandyou’restillputtingthingsoff,maybeyouneedtotrysomethingdifferent.Onenewapproach:Checkyourmood.Often,procrastinatorsattempttoavoidtheanxietyorworryarousedbyatoughtaskwithactivitiesaimedatrepairingtheirmood,suchascheckingFacebookortakinganap.Butthepattern,whichresearcherscall"givingintofeelgood,〞makesprocrastinatorsfeelworselater,whentheyfacetheconsequencesofmissingadeadlineormakingalast-minuteeffort,saysTimothyPychyl(rhymeswithMitchell),anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarletonUniversity.Increasingly,psychologistsandtime-managementconsultantsarefocusingonanewstrategy:helpingprocrastinatorsseehowattemptsatmoodrepairaredestroyingtheireffortsandlearntocontroltheiremotionsinmoreproductiveways.Thenewapproachisbasedonseveralstudiesinthepasttwoyearsshowingthatnegativeemotionscandamageattemptsatself-control.Itfillsagapamongestablishedtime-managementmethods,whichstressbehavioralchangessuchasadoptinganeworganizingsystemordoingexercisestobuildwillpower.Researchershaveeupwithaplaybookofstrategiestohelpprocrastinatorsturnmoodrepairtotheiradvantage.Somearetried-and-trueclassics:Dr.Pychyladvisesprocrastinatorstojustgetstarted,andmakethedoorstepforgettingstartedquitelow."Procrastinatorsaremorelikelytoputthetechniquetousewhentheyunderstandhowmoodrepairworks,〞saysDr.Pychyl,authorofa2013book，"SolvingtheProcrastinationPuzzle.〞Headds，"Arealmotivepoweresfromdoingwhatweintendtodo—thethingsthatareimportanttous.〞Healsoadvisesprocrastinatorstopractice"timetravel〞—projectingthemselvesintothefuturetoimaginethegoodfeelingstheywillhaveafterfinishingatask,orthebadonestheywillhaveiftheydon’t.Thiscuresprocrastinators’tendencytogetsostuckinpresentanxietiesandworriesthattheyfailtothinkaboutthefuture.Anothermood-repairstrategy,self-forgiveness,isaimedatdismissingtheself-blame.Universityfreshmenwhoforgavethemselvesforprocrastinatingonstudyingforthefirstexaminacourseprocrastinatedlessonthenextexam,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyMichaelWohl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarleton.ThomasFlintlearnedaboutthetechniquebyreadingresearchonself-control,includingstudiesbyDr.SiroisandDr.Pychyl.Heputittouseafterhisfamilymovedrecentlytoanewhouse.Insteadofbeatinghimselfupforfailingtounpackalltheboxesgatheredinhisgaragerightaway,Mr.Flintdecidedtoforgivehimselfandstartwithasinglestep.Tdsay,"OK,Tmgoingtotakeanhour,withagoalofgettingtheTVsetup,andthat'sit,,Jhesays;thenhewatchedaTVshowasareward.Allowinghimselftodothetaskinstages,hesays,is"avictory.〞56.WhatdoesTimothyPychylmeanbymentioningthe"givingintofeelgood〞practiceinParagraph2"A.Itprobablydoesmoreharmthangood. B.Itpreventsprocrastinatorsfromgivingup.C.Ithelpsprocrastinatorsmeetthedeadline. D.Iteffectivelydrivesawayanxietyandworry.57.WheredoesarealmotivepowerefromaccordingtoDr.Pychyl"A.Stickingtoone’sintention.B.Doingthingsthatreallymatter.C.Gettingstartedfromalowdoorstep.D.Learningimportanttechniquesofmoodrepair.58.Whatisthepurposeofthepractice"timetravel〞"A.Tomaketheirfutureplanmorepractical.B.Toacceleratethespeedoffinishingthetask.C.Tostoppeoplefromworryingabouttheirtravel.D.Tofreepeoplefromthepresentnegativeemotions.59.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelWohlstudy"A.Self-blamepreventsstudentsfromputtingthingsoff.B.Procrastinatorsarestillabletogetgoodscoresinexams.C.Universityfreshmencangetridofprocrastinationeasily.D.Self-forgivenessisaneffectivewaytocureprocrastination.DPreschools—educationalprogramsforchildrenundertheageoffive—differsignificantlyfromonecountrytoanotheraccordingtotheviewsthatdifferentsocietiesholdregardingthepurposeofearlychildhoodeducation.Forinstance,inacross-countryparisonofpreschoolsinChina,Japan,andtheUnitedStates,researchersfoundthatparentsinthethreecountriesviewthepurposeofpreschoolsverydifferently.WhereasparentsinChinatendtoseepreschoolsprimarilyasawayofgivingchildrenagoodstartacademically,Japaneseparentsviewthemprimarilyasawayofgivingchildrentheopportunitytobemembersofagroup.IntheUnitedStates,inparison,parentsregardtheprimarypurposeofpreschoolsasmakingchildrenmoreindependentandself-reliant,althoughobtainingagoodacademicstartandhavinggroupexperiencearealsoimportant.Whilemanyprogramsdesignedforpreschoolersfocusprimarilyonsocialandemotionalfactors,someareadaptedmainlytowardpromotingcognitive(认知的〕gainsandpreparingpreschoolersfortheformalinstructiontheywillexperiencewhentheystartschool.IntheUnitedStates,thebest-knownprogramdesignedtopromotefutureacademicsuccessisHeadStart.Establishedinthe1960swhentheUnitedStatesdeclaredtheWaronPoverty,theprogramhasservedover13millionchildrenandtheirfamilies.Theprogram,whichstressesparentalinvolvement,wasdesignedtoservethe"wholechild〞，includingchildren’sphysicalhealth,self-confidence,socialresponsibility,andsocialandemotionaldevelopment.WhetherHeadStartisseenassuccessfulornotdependsontheanglesthroughwhichoneislookingat.If,forinstance,theprogramisexpectedtoprovidelong-termincreasesinIQscores,itisadisappointment.AlthoughgraduatesofHeadStartprogramstendtoshowimmediateIQgains,theseincreasesdonotlast.Ontheotherhand,itisclearthatHeadStartismeetingitsgoalofgettingpreschoolersreadyforschool.PreschoolerswhoparticipateinHeadStartarebetterpreparedforfutureschoolingthanthosewhodonot.Furthermore,graduatesofHeadStartprogramshavebetterfutureschoolgrade.Finally,someresearchsuggeststhatultimatelyHeadStartgraduatesshowhigheracademicperformanceattheendofhighschool.Themostrecentprehensiveevaluationofearlyintervention programssuggeststhat,takenasagroup,preschoolprogramscanprovidesignificantbenefits,andthatgovernmentfundsinvestedearlyinlifemayultimatelyleadtoareductioninfuturecosts.Forinstance,paredwithchildrenwhodidnotparticipateinearlyinterventionprograms,participantsinvariousprogramsshowedgainsinemotionalorcognitivedevelopment,bettereducationaloutes,increasedeconomicself-sufficiency(自给自足)，reducedlevelsofcriminalactivity,andimprovedhealth-relatedbehaviors.Ofcourse,noteveryprogramproducedallthesebenefits,andnoteverychildbenefitedtothesameextent.Furthermore,someresearchersarguethatless-expensiveprogramsarejustasgoodasrelativelyexpensiveones,suchasHeadStart.Still,theresultsoftheevaluationwerepromising,suggestingthatthepotentialbenefitsofearlyinterventioncanbesignificant.Noteveryoneagreesthatprogramsthatseektostrengthenacademicskillsduringthepreschoolyearsareagoodthing.Infact,accordingtodevelopmentalpsychologistDavidElkind,UnitedStatessocietytendstopushchildrensorapidlythattheybegintofeelstressandpressureatayoungage.Elkindarguesthatacademicsuccessislargelydependentuponfactorsoutofparents’control,suchasinherited(tiesandachild’srateofmaturation.Consequently，childrenofaparticularagecannotbeexpectedtomastereducationalmaterialwithouttakingintoaccounttheircurrentlevelofcognitivedevelopment.Inshort,childrenrequiredevelopmentappropriateeducationalpractice,whichiseducationbasedonbothtypicaldevelopmentandtheuniquecharacteristicsofagivenchild.60ParentsinJapansendtheirchildrentopreschoolsinthehopeof______.A.helpingchildrengaingroupexperience B.givingchildrenagoodacademicstartC.expandtheiremotionaldevelopment D.pushingchildrentobeindependent61.WhatcanwelearnaboutHeadStartfromParagraph2"A.Itdiscouragesparentalinvolvement.B.Itaimstohelppoorbutgiftedchildren.C.Itfocusesonchildren’sacademicperformance.D.Ithelpschildrendevelopinanall-roundway.62.Whatdoesthesentence"itisadisappointment〞inParagraph3mean"A.Theprogrampaystoomuchattentionongrades.B.Theprogramfailstoincreasechildren'sIQsteadily.C.Theprogramcan'treducelevelsofcriminalactivities.D.Theprogramignorestheimportanceofchildren'sinterests.63.WhatcanwelearnaboutthebenefitsofearlyinterventionprogramsfromParagraph4"A.Noteveryprogramcanprovidebenefits.B.Childrenbenefitmorefromprogramstheyfindfun.C.Benefitsgainedfromtheprogramsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Expensiveprogramsprovidemorebenefitsthanlessexpensiveones.64.WhichofthefollowingmayDavidElkindagreewith"A.Nopains,nogains. B.Betteruntaughtthanill-taught.C.Hastemakeswaste. D.AllworkandnoplaymakeJackadullboy.65.What’stheauthor'sattitudetowardpre-schooleducationalprograms"A.Objective. B.Contradictory.C.Negative. D.Doubtful.第II卷(非选择题，共40分)第四局部：词汇检测(共5小题；每题1分，总分值5分)请认真阅读以下各个小题，并根据上下文语境和所给首字母的提示，写出以下各句空格中的单词，注意保持语义和形式的一致。请将答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。66.—Itisamazingthatyourbrotherhasrealizedhisdreamwhichseemsimpossible.—Yeah,nomanknowswhatp___▲____hehastillhehastriedveryhardtobegood.76.—Whowontheelectionformayor"—Amanc___▲______torepresenteveryminoritygroupinthecity.68.—CanImakeana___▲___withMr.Smiththisafternoon"—Sorry,Tmafraidheisnotavailablebecausehewillhaveameetingtoattend.69.—What’syourplanforThanksgiving,Toddy"—Oh,itisat___▲___inmyfamilytogotomygrandpa’shouseandhaveabigdinnerthere.—Whydidyoursisterleavethebigpany"—Shewasinherpositionforfiveyearsandwasalwayso__▲___forpromotion.第五局部：任务型阅读(共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分)请认真阅读下面的短文，并根据所读容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词，请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。Generally,laughterisrelatedtoanumberofbeneficialeffects.Amonghumans,laughterisoftenexpressedinbabiesasearlyas4monthsold.Atthistime,itusuallyoccursinresponsetothebehaviorofthecaregiver.Asthechildgrowsolder,thechildbeginstobejoinedinbehaviors,whichareintendedtoraiselaughterinothers.Ifsbelievedthatthepurposeofthisdevelopmentprocessistoestablishsocialrelationshipsinadditiontogainingfeedbackastowhattypesofbehaviorshouldbestrengthenedordiscouraged.Indeed,mostlaughteroccurswhenweareactuallyinsocialsituations.Asidefrompromotingsocialbonding,researchhasfoundthatsociallaughinghasalsohelpedpeoplephysically.Forexample,itactivatesthereleaseofendogenousopiates,chemicalswhichcanreducefeelingsofpainandhavearelaxingeffect,decreasetheproductionofstresshormones(激素〕andmakethelungworkbetter.Additionally,laughterhaspsychologicalbenefits.Itreducesstress,anxiety,tension,embarrassment,worry,frustrationandanger.Ifsgoodforindividualslikenurses,firefightersandsoldiersbecausetheirworkrequiresthemtodealwithterribleeventsorinjuries.Whatmakesuslaugh"Usually,thecauseissomethingsillyornegative(e.g.watchingpuppiesplay,violatingarule).It’salsomonforpeopletofindhumorintragedies;inthisrespect,laughterservesasacopingmechanismSomepeoplelikeprofessionalediansintentionallysetthemselvesuptothetargetoflaughter.However,whenlaughterisdirectedatothers,it'simportantthatthegeneratedlaughterisnotaggressive.Sometimespeoplelaughforthepurposeoflaughingatanotherormakinganotherfeelashamedorstupid.Insuchinstances,thelaughterisn’tperformedin"goodfun〞，butatthecostofanindividualwhowillbehurtbyit.Intheseinstances,the"laugher’s〞behaviorisharmful.Somepeopleareparticularlysensitiveandhaveafearofbeinglaughedatormadetoappearsilly.Thisfearhasbeenidentifiedasgelotophobia(恐笑症).Althoughitisn’talwayspleasanttobetheobjectofthejoke,theeffectthishasonpeoplerangesacrossindividuals.Forthosewhoarehighlygelotophobic,theirconcernabouttheirperformanceinpublicmayresultinanxiety,shame,avoidanceofsocialsituationsandlowself-respect.Sohowdoyouknowwhetherlaughterinacertainsituationwillproduceapositiveornegativeresult"Onefactortobearinmindistoknowhowthetargetoflaughterwillfeel.Finally,verylittlegoodesfromintentio