【课件】Welcome+Unit+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件人教版（2019）必修第一册

WelcomeunitDiscoveringUsefulStructure（2课时）1.What

makesasentence?Leading-inWords,phrasesandstructures.2.What

arethemainelementsinasentence?LeadinWhatAreThey?1.S(subject)主语2.V(verb)谓语动词3.O(object)宾语4.P(predicative)表语5.A(adverbial)状语6.DO(directobjective)直接宾语7.IO(indirectobjective)间接宾语8.C(objectivecomplement)宾语补足语1.Reviewthemainelementsinasentence.2.LearntoknowthebasicsentencestructuresofEnglish.3.Learntoanalyzethestructureofthesentencesfromthetext.“十大词类，八大成分，八大句型”Learningobjectiveslead-inIcollectsomesentenceswrittenbystudents,canyoucorrectthefollowingsentences.Gointomyschlool,youcanseemanyflowers.Therehave100books.TomiscomefromBeijing.Goingintomyschool,youcanseemanyflowers.Thereare100books.TomisfromBeijing.TomcomesfromBeijing.Correctsentencestructureisimportent!十大词类Beforelearningsentencestructure,weshouldknowthewordclassfirst.动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数1.名词[Nouns（n.）]：用来表示人或事物名称的词，如penapple在句子中常作主语宾语表语定语宾补等e.g.Theappleisn’tripe.主语Iloveanimals.宾语Thisisanapple.表语Ithinkitmydutytohelpthelittlegirl.宾补Therearenotmanymenteachersinthekindergarten.定语动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数2.代词[Pronouns（pron.）]：用来代替名词的词，如weusthem在句子中常作主语宾语等e.g.Weloveourfamily.主语LisateachesusEnglish.宾语3.动词[Verb（v.）]：表示动作或状态的词，如eatdrinksleep在句中做谓语e.g.LastweekhewenttoHawaiiforholidays.谓语十大词类动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数4.副词[Adverb（adv.）]：用来修饰动词形容词副词在句子中做定语状语等e.g.

Pleasereadthenewwordsbelow.修饰名词

Youarerunningfast.修饰动词

Ipushthedoorveryhard.修饰副词5.形容词[Adjective（adj.）]：表示事物或人特征的词，如bigsmall在句中做定语表语补语e.g.Ilikesuchbeautifuldresses.定语Thedressisbeautiful.表语

Ifindthesedressesbeautiful.宾补十大词类动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数6.数词[Numeral（num.）]：表示人或事物数目多少（基数词）或顺序先后（序数词）在句中做宾语定语等e.g.Iwanttwoapples，please.做宾语

Fortythousandpeoplewatchedthegame.做定语7.冠词[Articles（art.）]：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指范围的词，主要有aanthe在句子中主要修饰名词e.g.Thedogisverycute.8.介词[Prepositions（prep.）]：用在名词和代词之前，说明其与别的词的关系其后跟宾语，一起在句子中做定语或状语e.g.Pleasewaitatthedoor.做地点状语Thegirlatthedoorismyniece.做定语十大词类动形名副，介代连冠，感叹和数9.连词[Conjunctions（conj.）]：起连接作用的词，如andbutsoor在句子中连接两个词短语或句子e.g.IwillcallyouwhenIgetthere.

TomandBobarebrothers10.感叹词[Interjections（int.）]：表示感叹语气的词表示喜怒哀乐，在句中起到加强语气的作用e.g.Oops！Ithurts！十大词类GrammaticalTerms（语法术语）1.subject（S）

主语2.predicate谓语3.object（O）宾语4.predicative表语5.adverbial（Ad）状语6.attribute（At）定语7.objectcomplement（OC）宾语补足语8.subjectcomplement（SC）主语补足语9.directobject（DO）直接宾语10.indirectobject（IO）间接宾语八大成分“主谓宾表定状补”S(subject)主语定义：是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，一般位于句首。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.八大成分V(verb)谓语是对主语加以陈述，说明（表述）主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由V.充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）(1)由实义动词V.做谓语Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?(2)情态V+V原HecanspeakEnglishwell.(3)助V+VSheistalkingwithhersister.Ihaveseenthismanbefore.(4)系动词八大成分系动词分为5类一、状态系动词—“be”翻译：“是，叫”二、感官系动词—表示与人的感觉器官有关，俗称五感动词分为:“feel,smell,sound,taste,look”(常与like一起搭配使用，表示感觉/闻起来/听起来/尝起来/看起来…像)三、持续系动词—用来表示主语继续或者保持一种状况或态度：主要有“keep，remain，stay，stand，continue，lie，hold，rest”四、表象系动词—用来表示看起来像这一概念：翻译“显得，似乎，好像”主要有“seem,appear”五、变化系动词—表示主语变成什么样：主要有“become,grow,turn,get,go,come,run,make,fall”八大成分O(object)宾语定义：动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.之后Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Isucceededinpassingtheexam.八大成分C(objectcomplement)有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,ask,see,find,call,get,have,let,tell,help,keepIfoundthebookinteresting.Imakemystudentsinterestedinmyclass.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.Wefoundhimintroublenow.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.八大成分P(predicative)定义：在系动词后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。Thespeechisexciting.

Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.That’swhyhecamehere.八大成分Attributive定语定义：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句.单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前–前置定语短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前–后置定语Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.八大成分A(adverbial)状语定义：用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。修饰adj./adv.时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；分类：地点状语、时间状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、条件状语、程度状语、方式状语和伴随状语。Thisbookisveryinteresting.Irunfast/quickly.Theyareplayingontheplayground

ateight.IJohnoftencametochatwithme．Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Suddenly,Iheardthebirdsingasong.Youprobablyknowmorethanyouthink.八大成分Appositive同位语定义：对n.或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.Thinking1.whicharethemostimportantpartsinasentence?2.whatisthedifferencebetweenO.&P.“主谓宾表定状补”八大句型基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）句型六：主语+谓语+状语句型七：主语+谓语+宾语+状语句型八：therebe句型Analyzing:kindsofsimplesentence1.S+V主语+动词（谓语）

这种句子结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），故后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。常见的不及物动词（短语）有：rise,matter,begin,come,go,happen,last,appear,work,cometrue,takeplace等。Thesunisrising.太阳正在升起。Thelittleboyiscrying.小男孩正在哭泣。Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly.场上的所有足球运动员高声欢呼。2.S+P主语十（系动词+）表语

这种句子结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词；还有感官系动词(sound,look,smell,taste,feel);变化系动词(become,get,grow,turn,go,fall,run);持续系动词(remain,keep,hold,stay);表象系动词(seem,appear,look)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看来都不同了。Computersareusefulinpeople'slife.电脑在人们的生活中很有用Theproblemremainstobesettled.问题依然需要解决。3.S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语

(1)这种句子结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词（短语），一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。(2)在“动词+介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在“动词+副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可，作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。PleasewakeLiLingup(=wakeupLiLing)at6:30inthemorning.Pleasewakeherupat6:30inthemorning.()Pleasewakeupherat6:30inthemorning.(X)HeiswatchingTV.4.S+V+IO+DO主语+动词（谓语）+间接宾语+直接宾语

这种句子结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有：give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有：buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.他给我买了一份生日礼物。Ishowedhimmypictures.我给他看我的照片。5.S+V+O+C主语+动词（谓语）+宾语+宾语补语

该结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。该句式常用于三类动词：(l)使役动词：keep,make,let,have,leave,get等；(2)感官动词或短语：see,watch,notice,observe,find,catch,lookat,listento,hear,feel,smell等；(3)ask,tell,order,request,permit,persuade等。Miketoldmenottogonow.迈克告诉我不要现在走。Theypaintedthedoorgreen.他们把门漆成绿色。6.S+V+A主语+动词（谓语）+状语

该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时Thetimepassedquickly.时光飞逝。7.S+V+O+A主语+动词（谓语）+宾语+状语

该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词、副词或介词短语，在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。Ihadmyfirstmathsclassinseniorhigh.在高中我上了第一堂数学课。Iwaitedforhimattheschoolgate.我在校门口等他。Therebe句型表示“某处存在某物或某人”，基本结构是“Thereis/.are/was/were...+地点状语”。主语是其后的名词，be动词形式根据主语的单复数而定。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live,stand,lie,seem/appeartobe(好像有)，happentobe(碰巧有)，usedtobe(曾经有)等。Thereisapianoinmystudy.在我的书房里有一架钢琴。Thereare56studentsinmyclass.我的班里有56名学生。8.存现句(Therebe句型)Practice:Learntorecognizethestructures1.SVstructure1.1Abird

flies.

1.2Monkeys

jumped.

1.3He

wassleeping.

InSVstructure,verbsareintransitive.SVOCstructure5.1Thewar

made

him

ahero.

SVOC5.2They

found

hiscat

dead.5.3She

called

him

Mr.Wood.InSVOCstructure,animpliedlogicalrelationexistsbetweenOandC.InExample5.1,therelationbetween“him”and“ahero”issupposedtobe-“heisahero”.What’stherelationbetween“hiscat”and“dead”in5.2?SVOstructure2.1Asheep

eats

grass.

2.2Monkeys

like

bananas.2.3He

wants

somecandies.InSVOstructure,verbsaretransitive.PleasemakeaSVOsentence!SVAstructure6.1It

rained

heavily.

SVA6.2He

coughed

badly.

SVA6.3Therabbit

ran

inthewoods.

SVAInSVAstructure,adverbialisusuallyattheendofthesentence.PleasegiveanotherexampleofSVAstructure!SPstructure3.1This

isgreat3.2He

lookswell.3.3She

becameateacher.InSPstructure,Prefersto“linkverb+adjective/noun”.Linkverbs:be,feel,taste,smell,grow,become,etc.Let’strymakingaSPsentencewith“grow”!“Therebe…”structure8.1Thereis

anapple

onthetable.

VSA7.2Thereare

sevendays

inaweek.

VSA7.3There

is

milkandbread.

VSIn“therebe…”structure,SandVareinverted.V’snumberisdecidedbytheveryfirstnounofS.SVOAstructure7.1Asheep

iseating

grass

overthere.

SVOA7.2Mum

makes

lunch

inthekitchen.

SVOA7.3They

liked

thefilm

verymuch.

SVOAInSVOAstructure,theverbistransitiveandisfollowedbyanobjectandanadverbial.SVIODOstructure4.1He

asked

me

aquestion.

SVIODO4.2Danny

wrote

hismom

aletter.4.3She

bought

Mr.Wood

abook.InSVIODOstructure,verbsaretransitiveandarefollowedbyIOandDO.1.Tell

the

kindsofthesentences

1)Everybodysmiled.2)Thecarcaughtfire.3)Didthemilkturnsour?4)Heboughthiswifeadress.5)Royfoundhisnewjobratherboring.6)Yourbrothergotupat10o’clock.7)Ihaven’tseenDanielforlong.8)Arethereanygardensinthetown?SVSVOSPSVIODOSVOCSVASVOATherebePracticing2.Readthesentencesandanalyzethestructures.P6-21.The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecenterofthecity.2.We

mustact.3.Themathshomework

lookseasy.4.Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.ASVSVSPOSVC5.Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.6.Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.7.ThereisanEnglishCorneratourschool.8.We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.IOSVDOOSVOSVATherebe…Basicsentencestructures

一、主谓

SV

二、主（系）表

SP

三、主谓宾

SVO

四、主谓宾宾

SVOO

五、主谓宾补

SVOC

六、主谓状

SVA

七、主谓宾状

SVOA八、therebe结构Summarizing1.