实验02 认识遥感数据

实验02认识遥感数据2.1数据的获取Landsat-7ETM+数据可以通过Landsat官方网站直接下载。网址：1)点击免费数据。LSatelliteImageGallerySatelliteImageGalleryLandsato;gsupportsthepjrchasng,dis^rihMiori"andsharingofLandsal4.5arw7imageryworldvjidebypjovklinigbsi.mple,platform-irMteperdenluserinterfaceandsftarchenginewithonlirkedataordering.Lafidast.ofgsupportsresearchcenters,scienceteams,andeducationalorganizationsbyprovidirvgcustomizedsearchinterfaces,accesstodatanostingservices!clearinghouseservices,datatxokefing,andimagerycooperatives.(2)点击Path-RowFinder查询贵阳市所在影像轨道号和行号。L'V-1-□LJ■FREEGlobalOrthorectifiedLandsatDataviaFTPL朗ds吐。「g,anaffifrateoftheTropicafRainForestInformationCenter(TRFIC),nowhoststheGlobalOrthorectifiedLandsatDatasetsforthreeepochs:1970'sMSS,1990'sTM,and2000'sETM+.WeprovideaccesstothesedatafortheglobalcommunityofusersforFREE.Youcanalsoorderlargesetsofdataandwewilldeliverthemtoyou.Seedetailshere.•查询轨道号和行号STEP1:UsethePath-RowFindertoidentifyyourPath/Rowareaofinterest(applicationhelp)STEP2:Accessdatathroughthelinksbelow.Thelinksopenupanftpsiteshowingalistoffolderswith"Path1'lables.Clicktoopena"Path"folderandagaintoopena"Row"folder.Withineachrowfolderwillbeoneortwo"Scene"folderscontaingdata.Downloadfilesinthe"Scene"folderstoyourlocalcomputerusingthemouse"rightclick"and"saveas"functionorbyselecting(highlighting)filesandusingthe"copy"and"paste"functions.Landsat7ETM+数据Landsat4/5TM数据Landsat172/^MS.g数据LandsatETM+Data(2000's)WRS2LandsatTMData(139O's)WRS2LandsatMSSData(1970'sJWRS1ClosethiswindowL80Path/RowFinder点选耸幅规则WRS]WRsS|f…StreetMapsStreet.Maps88口JtrCEosethFswindowPath/RowFinderWRSIdWRSIILPath/RowFinderIL匚rfiWRS1JWRSII1HEpStreetMaps13004412S040125040124^41I2704II2G041125(141Gufzh：124042I27042I2GO*42128042130042贵阳市所在冕12704312604312504312404^130043A123043130041123043^/,125042匚5CEoðiswindow查询结果：127042（轨道号127，行号042）WRSI丿WRSI丿WRSIIStreetMapsILandsato「g聽曲Path/RowFinder（3）寻找到对应的影像文件，下载，解压缩后得到如下一组文件：趣p127r042_7k20011123_z48_rmfi1.tifp127r042_7k20011123_z48_im62.tif屆p127r042_7p20011123_z48_imS0.tif^Ipi27r64r7t266iii23.'mefl[gp127r042jt200111231z481iml0.tif屆p127r042_7120011123_z48_im20.tif屆p127r042_7120011123_z48_im30.tif趣p127r042_7120011123_z48_im40.tif屆p127r042_7120011123_z48_im50.tif屆p127r042_7120011123_z48_nn70.tif其中，pl27r0427t20011123.met是数据头文件，里面包含了数据获取时的相关信息，其他文件为ETM+7个多光谱波段以及全色PAN波段的文件，文件格式为GeoTIFF，其中6波段包括两个文件。影像产品生成时间影像产品大小为影像产品生成时间影像产品大小为653.9M影像产品元数据卫星传感器影像获取时间轨道号行号扫描中心纬度扫描中心经度左上角纬度右上角纬度左下角纬度右下角纬度左上角X坐标2.2识别影像头文件信息。ETM+数据头文件可用写字板打开。如下所示:GROUP=METADATA_FILEPRODUCT_CREATION_TIME=2003-09-17T03:42:52ZPRODUCT_FILE_SIZE=653.9STATION_ID="EDC"GROUND_STATION="SGS"GROUP=ORTHO_PRODUCT_METADATASPACECRAFT_ID="Landsat7"SENSOR_ID="ETM+"ACQUISITION_DATE=2001-11-23WRS_PATH=127WRS_ROW=042SCENE_CENTER_LAT=+25.9900393SCENE_CENTER_LON=+106.5072817SCENE_UL_CORNER_LAT=+26.9320724SCENE_UL_CORNER_LON=+105.7986874SCENE_UR_CORNER_LAT=+26.6667851SCENE_UR_CORNER_LON=+107.6173262SCENE_LL_CORNER_LAT=+25.3045016SCENE_LL_CORNER_LON=+105.4097302SCENE_LR_CORNER_LAT=+25.0447063SCENE_LR_CORNER_LON=+107.2048582SCENE_UL_CORNER_MAPX=579291.000SCENE_UL_CORNER_MAPY=2979162.000SCENE_UR_CORNER_MAPX=760494.000SCENE_UR_CORNER_MAPY=2952201.000SCENE_LL_CORNER_MAPX=541243.500SCENE_LL_CORNER_MAPY=2798728.500SCENE_LR_CORNER_MAPX=722446.500SCENE_LR_CORNER_MAPY=2771710.500BAND1_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn10.tif"波段1名称BAND2_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn20.tif"BAND3_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn30.tif"BAND4_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn40.tif"BAND5_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn50.tif"BAND61_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7k20011123_z48_nn61.tif"BAND62_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7k20011123_z48_nn62.tif"BAND7_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn70.tif"BAND8_FILE_NAME="p127r042_7p20011123_z48_nn80.tif"GROUP=PROJECTION_PARAMETERS发射参数REFERENCE_DATUM="WGS84"

REFERENCE_ELLIPSOID="WGS84"GRID_CELL_ORIGIN="Center"UL_GRID_LINE_NUMBER=1UL_GRID_SAMPLE_NUMBER=1GRID_INCREMENT_UNIT="Meters"GRID_CELL_SIZE_PAN=14.250GRID_CELL_SIZE_THM=57.000GRID_CELL_SIZE_REF=28.500FALSE_NORTHING=0ORIENTATION="NUP"RESAMPLING_OPTION="NN"MAP_PROJECTION="UTM"END_GROUP=PROJECTION_PARAMETERSGROUP=UTM_PARAMETERSZONE_NUMBER=+48END_GROUP=UTM_PARAMETERSSUN_AZIMUTH=152.6936329SUN_ELEVATION=38.8194681QA_PERCENT_MISSING_DATA=16CLOUD_COVER=70PRODUCT_SAMPLES_PAN=17054PRODUCT_LINES_PAN=15304PRODUCT_SAMPLES_REF=8527PRODUCT_LINES_REF=7652PRODUCT_SAMPLES_THM=4264PRODUCT_LINES_THM=3826OUTPUT_FORMAT="GEOTIFF"END_GROUP=ORTHO_PRODUCT_METADATAGROUP=L1G_PRODUCT_METADATABAND_COMBINATION="123456678"参考椭球体坐标原点栅格行栅格列单位全色波段分辨率热红外波段分辨率多光谱波段分辨率地图投影UTM投影参数分带号太阳方位角太阳高度角无信息象元所占百分比—•日参考椭球体坐标原点栅格行栅格列单位全色波段分辨率热红外波段分辨率多光谱波段分辨率地图投影UTM投影参数分带号太阳方位角太阳高度角无信息象元所占百分比—•日云量全色波段列数全色波段行数多光谱波段列数热红外波段列数输出格式L1G级产品元数据GROUP=MIN_MAX_RADIANCE各波段辐射最大值最小值LMAX_BAND1=191.600LMIN_BAND1=-6.200LMAX_BAND2=196.500LMIN_BAND2=-6.400LMAX_BAND3=152.900LMIN_BAND3=-5.000LMAX_BAND4=157.400LMIN_BAND4=-5.100LMAX_BAND5=31.060LMIN_BAND5=-1.000LMAX_BAND61=17.040LMIN_BAND61=0.000

LMAX_BAND62=12.650LMIN_BAND62=3.200LMAX_BAND7=10.800LMIN_BAND7=-0.350LMAX_BAND8=243.100LMIN_BAND8=-4.700END_GROUP=MIN_MAX_RADIANCEGROUP=MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUEQCALMAX_BAND1=255.0QCALMIN_BAND1=1.0QCALMAX_BAND2=255.0QCALMIN_BAND2=1.0QCALMAX_BAND3=255.0QCALMIN_BAND3=1.0QCALMAX_BAND4=255.0QCALMIN_BAND4=1.0QCALMAX_BAND5=255.0QCALMIN_BAND5=1.0QCALMAX_BAND61=255.0QCALMIN_BAND61=1.0QCALMAX_BAND62=255.0QCALMIN_BAND62=1.0QCALMAX_BAND7=255.0QCALMIN_BAND7=1.0QCALMAX_BAND8=255.0QCALMIN_BAND8=1.0GROUP=MIN_MAX_PIXEL_VALUEGROUP=PRODUCT_PARAMETERSCORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND1="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND2="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND3="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND4="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND5="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND61="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND62="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND7="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_GAIN_BAND8="CPF"CORRECTION_METHOD_BIAS="IC"BAND1_GAIN="H"BAND2_GAIN="H"BAND3_GAIN="H"BAND4_GAIN="H"BAND5_GAIN="H"各波段象元最大值最小值产品参数BAND6_GAIN1="L"各波段象元最大值最小值产品参数BAND6_GAIN2="H"BAND7_GAIN="H"BAND8_GAIN="L"BAND1_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND2_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND3_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND4_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND5_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND6_GAIN_CHANGE1="0"BAND6_GAIN_CHANGE2="0"BAND7_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND8_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND1_SL_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND2_SL_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND3_SL_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND4_SL_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND5_SL_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND6_SL_GAIN_CHANGE1="0"BAND6_SL_GAIN_CHANGE2="0"BAND7_SL_GAIN_CHANGE="0"BAND8_SL_GAIN_CHANGE="0"END_GROUP=PRODUCT_PARAMETERSGROUP=CORRECTIONS_APPLIEDSTRIPING_BAND1="NONE"STRIPING_BAND2="NONE"STRIPING_BAND3="NONE"STRIPING_BAND4="NONE"STRIPING_BAND5="NONE"STRIPING_BAND61="NONE"STRIPING_BAND62="NONE"STRIPING_BAND7="NONE"STRIPING_BAND8="NONE"BANDING="N"COHERENT_NOISE="N"MEMORY_EFFECT="N"SCAN_CORRELATED_SHIFT="N"INOPERABLE_DETECTORS="N"DROPPED_LINES=YEND_GROUP=CORRECTIONS_APPLIEDEND_GROUP=L1G_PRODUCT_METADATAEND_GROUP=METADATA_FILEEND2.3将各波段文件转为ERDAS专用文件格式IMG在ERDAS图标面板工具条单击Import/Export命令，打开Import/Export对话框。选中输入数据（Import）。在文件类型（Type）中选择GeoTIFF。在输入数据媒体（Media）中选择File。确认输入文件路径和文件名（InputFile）p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn10.tif。确认输入文件路径和文件名（OutputFile）p127r042_7t20011123_z48_nn10.img。单击OK按钮，弹出ImportTIFF对话框。⑧单击OK按钮，弹出ImportTIFFData对话框。格式转换完成后，单击OK确定。重复上述过程，将7个波段以及PAN波段数据全部转换为IMG格式文件。IMG格式文件支持单波段和多波段遥感影像数据的存储。转换后的*.img格式文件包含图像对比度、色彩值、描述表、影像金字塔结构信息及文件属性信息。针对同一个影像，*.img格式使得诸如*.rrd、*.hdr等文件成为一个整体。2.4组合多波段数据①在ERDAS图标面板工具条单击Interpreter图标|Utilities|LayerStack命令，打开LayerSelectionandStacking对话框。

②输入：pl27r042_7t20011123_z48_nnl0.img文件。单击ADD按钮。输入：pl27r042_7t20011123_z48_nn20.img文件。单击ADD按钮。重复上述步骤直到7波段全都添加进去。输出多波段文件：ETM2001.img。输出数据类型：Unsigned8Bit；波段组合选择Union单选框;输出统计忽略零值，选中IgnoreZeroStats复选框。单击OK开始波段组合计算。单击OK确认计算完成。2.5观察影像根据TM影像的特点，对7个波段进行分别和组合观察，直观感受标准假彩色R：4、G：3、B：2；和真彩的R：3、G：2、B：1的特点。表表3-2TM各波段的图像特征通道哎氏范围/|ini辐射灵敏度AP„/(%)特征*