Unit1Wordsandexpressions课件-高中英语人教版选择性(1)-1

PeopleofAchievement——Words&ExpressionsPART1Wordformation1.

；关键性的→_________adv.关键地2.

；充满生机的→________n.生命力;活力3.

v.承诺；全心全意投入;犯(错误、罪行等)→_____________n.承诺；奉献→__________adj.尽心尽力的；4.

n.

性质;特征→__________pl.性质5.

n.研究院→__________adj.学术的→

adv.学术地6.

adj.植物学的→___________adv.植物学地→_________n.植物学

→___________n.植物学家7.

vt.评价;评估→_____________n.评估8.

adj.清晰的；有区别的→___________n.区别；差别9.

vt.承认;(公开)感谢→___________________n.承认;感谢10.

vt.分析→___________n.分析→

(pl.)cruciallyvitalityacademicacademicallybotanicallybotanybotanistcrucialvitalpropertypropertiesacademybotanicalevaluateevaluationdistinctdistinctionacknowledgeacknowledgementanalyseanalysisanalyses11.

adj.科学(上)的→_____________adv.科学地→__________n.科学→___________n.科学家12.

n.结论；推论→_________v.得出结论；推断出13.

vt.创建；创立→__________pt./pp.→

n.建立者;发起人→

n.基础；基金会14.

v.推断;推定→

n.推论;推断→

pt./pp.

15.

adj.温柔的;文静的→_______adv.温柔地;有礼貌地

n.温和;温柔16.

n.酷爱;激情→___________adj.热情的;热烈的→______________adv.热情地；强烈地17.

n.结果;后果→_____________adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→

adv.因此18.

n.目标;adj.客观的→_________n.物品v.反对→

adj.主观的scientificallyscientistinferscientificscienceconclusionconcludefoundfounderfoundationinferenceinferredgentlegentlygentlenesspassionpassionatepassionatelyconsequenceconsequentconsequentlyobjectiveobjectsubjectivefounded19.

adv.显然→_________adj.显而易见的20.

n.长篇小说adj.新颖的→_________n.小说家21.

n.政治家→________n.政治→

adj.政治的→

n.政策22.

adj.众多的→

n.数量23.

adv.逐渐地→________adj.逐渐的

24.

n.相对论；相对性→________adj.相对的；比较的→_____________adv.相对地；比较而言25.

adj.不一般的→__________adj.普通的26.

n.教授→__________n.行业;职业→

.

adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人士→

adv.在工作上27.

adj.非凡的→

adv.非凡地；格外

→

n.谈论，言论v.说起；谈论；评论28.

v.总结

n.总结，概括apparentnumberapparentlynovelnovelistpoliticianpolicynumerousgradualgraduallyrelativityrelativerelativelyextraordinarypoliticspoliticalordinaryprofessorprofessionprofessionalprofessionallyremarkableremarkablyremarksumsummaryPART2KeywordsTheearlylearningyearsarecrucialto/forachild’seducationaldevelopment.Itiscrucialforteenagerstodevelopintomatureandresponsiblemembersofsociety.Itiscrucialthattheproblemshouldbesolvedimmediately.ThecityofMycenaeplayedacrucialrole/partinthehistoryofGreece.1.crucialadj.关键性的；至关重要的becrucialto/for(doing)sth.对于…至关重要Itiscrucialforsbtodo…做某事对某人来说是至关重要的Itiscrucialthat…(should)do…极为重要的是…;关键是…playacrucialrole/partinsth.在…中起到关键作用Overthepastyear,wehavebeenbusypreparingfortheNationalCollegeEntranceExamination,

.

mostChinesestudents.which完成句子iscrucialfor/to在过去的一年中，我们都忙着准备高考，这场考试对于大多数中国学生而言至关重要。(crucial，非限制性定语从句)bevitalto/for(doing)sth对……至关重要

Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是至关重要的Itisvitalthat…(should)do…是至关重要的beofvitalimportance(=veryimportant)至关重要2.vitaladj.极其重要的；充满生机的Anaccurateanalysisofdataisvital_______scientificresearch.AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisvitalforteenagers___________(maintain)apositiveattitudetowardslife.Besides,itisvitalthatyou_______________(mind)yourtablemannersinChinawhenyouattendadinnerparty.(写作——餐桌礼仪)for/totomaintain(should)mind单句语法填空vi.&vt犯(错误,罪行);投入(时间、钱…)承诺；保证；全心全意投入(工作，活动)ReadandtelltheChinesemeaning投入奉献,不可数尽心尽力的致力于犯罪

同义句转换Committedtotheproject[拓展]

其他常用的“献身于；致力于；专心致志于”的表达：·bedevotedto(doing)sth·bededicatedto(doing)sth·beabsorbedin(doing)sth·beburiedin(doing)sth·beengagedin(doing)sth·applyoneselfto(doing)sth4.distinctadj.有区别的；清晰的，清楚的distinctly(教材P2)．..theydiscoveredandtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatments...……他们发现并测试了380种不同的……古代中医疗法。(1)distinctionn．[C，U] 差别；区分；卓著make/drawadistinction 区分开来；区别对待makenodistinction 没有区别asinger/writerofdistinction 一名杰出的歌手/作家(2)distinguishv. 区分，辨别，分清distinguishbetweenrightandwrong 明辨是非词语搭配：Itisdistinctthat...很明显……bedistinctfrom...in...(＝bedifferentfrom...in...)在……方面与……截然不同学法点拨：把A与B区分开来即学即练单句语法填空①Goldisdistinct________iron.②Thereisafine________(distinct)betweenthetwowords.③Wemustmakeadistinction________formallanguageandinformallanguage.完成句子④It'sdifficultforachildto__________________________________________________(明辨是非).⑤________________________(……是明显的)smokingisharmfultoourhealth.fromdistinctionbetweenmakeadistinctionbetweenrightandwrong/distinguishrightfromwrongItisdistinct/obvious/evidentthat5.obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行(1)obtainadvice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/应许(2)obtain...from/outof/through...从……中得到……表示“获得”的动词：gain,get,acquire,obtain。语境助记：Thecustomstillobtainsinsomedistricts.这种风俗在某些地方仍然流行。acquire:书面语用词，多用于通过不断努力日积月累地渐渐获得智力、知识、技术、能力，权利等表示抽象概念的东西，有时也可以通过努力获得某物。obtain:较正式用词，着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。

gain:侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。earn:侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得(3)adj.obtainableadj.可获得的；可得到的Sheisacknowledgedas/tobeoneofthebestnovelists.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat

Vitaminsarecrucialformaintaininggoodhealth.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing/havingstolenthelady’spurse.Theyacknowledgedthattheyweredefeated.Iwassentafreecopyofthemagazineinacknowledgementofmycontribution.6.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢beacknowledgedas/tobe…被公认为/是…It’sgenerally/universally/widelyacknowledged

that…众所周知/普遍认为……acknowledge(doing/havingdone)sth.承认(做过)某事acknowledgethat+宾语从句承认……acknowledgementn.承认；确认；感谢完成句子1.人们普遍认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。(一句多译)People______________________studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality._________________________________studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.widelyacknowledgethatItiswidelyacknowledgedthat2.Theyrefusedtoacknowledgethattheyweredefeated.（改为简单句）→Theyrefusedtoacknowledge______________.beingdefeated7.defeatn．[C，U]失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜；使受挫；使困惑，难住(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不认输。(1)n.[C]aheavydefeat惨败 abig/baddefeat大败anarrowdefeat惜败 suffer(a)defeat遭遇失败(2)n.[U]admit/accept/facedefeat 认输/接受失败/面临失败acknowledgedefeat 承认失败(3)vt.defeattheenemy 击败敌人defeatateam 打败一支队伍bedefeatedatchess 在下国际象棋时被打败词汇辨析

defeat,beat,win

defeat/beat

宾语为对手时，两者可通用。defeat宾语通常是敌人beat多用于竞争、比赛、辩论等的对手

win表示在竞争中取得胜利宾语是事/物：一般为race,game,match,election,prize等不能接人，但可以说winoversb（把某人争取过来）YesterdayIdefeated/beatHanksinthematch.Hewononlyoneset,whileIwontwo.昨天在比赛中我赢了汉克斯。他只赢了一局，而我赢了两局。判断正误他们赢了这场战争。

Theybeatthewar.Theywonthebattle.Theywonthebattle.翻译：在比赛中我击败了他而赢得奖品。Ibeathiminthecontestandwontheprize.X8.apparently

adv.显而易见；看来；显然Asisapparentlyshown/statedinthepicture/chart/passageabove...正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样……apparent

adj.显然的；显而易见的Itisapparent(tosb.)that...(对某人来说)……是明显的。单句语法填空/完成句子①Ithoughthehadfoundanewjob,but

(apparent)hehasn’t.②Itisapparent

thedrugdoesbenefitsomepatients.③

,blindlyfollowingothers’advicewillaffectourownjudgment.

显然，盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。apparentlythatApparently9.insistv.坚持；坚决要求；坚持说insiston/upon(sb/sb’s)(doing)sth坚决要求(某人)(做)某事insiston(doing)sth.坚持做某事；执意继续做某事insistthat...坚持说/坚持认为……[从句的谓语按实际选择时态]强烈要求/坚持主张……

[从句用虚拟语气(should)do…]坚决要求某人做某事坚持要/执意做某事坚决要求，坚持主张坚持说单句语法填空❶Iwantedtowalktothestation,butheinsistedon____________(drive)methere.❷Thedoctorinsistedthathe________(be)seriouslyillandthathe______________________(operate)onimmediately.❸InsistingthatTom______________________,MrSmithinsistedthat______________________________.由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的小汽车，史密斯先生强烈要求把他关进监狱。drivingwas(should)beoperatedhadstolenhiscarhe(should)beputintoprison补全句子n.结论；结束；结尾PracticeTheprogramconcluded

asong.Whatcanyouconclude

whathesaid?Whenhebringshisspeechtoanice

(conclude),theteacherinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

It

(conclude)thattheyagreedtomakejointefforttoimprovetheworkingconditions.withfromconclusionwasconcludedHercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Under/Inthecircumstances,you’dbetteranalyzethedataforasecondtimetodrawtherightconclusion.UndernocircumstanceswillImissthisopportunity,whichisvitalformyfuturedevelopment.

.11n.(常用复数)条件，环境；状况under/inthecircumstances在此情况下under/innocircumstances决不;无论如何都不

(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)翻译句子无论如何我都不会向任何人提及这个秘密。UndernocircumstancesshallImentionthesecrettoanyone._______________________________________________________________________________________________近义短语:“绝不，任何情况都不”：innocase,innoway,onnocondition,onnoaccount,atnotime12.found

v.创建；建立；把……建立在1.ThetownwasfoundedbyEnglishsettlersin1790.

这座城镇是英格兰移民于1790年建的。2.Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandrespect.

他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。befoundedon/uponsth.建立在……基础之上；建在某物之上foundation

n.

地基；基础，根据laya(firm/solid)foundationfor...为……打下(坚实的)基础founder

n.创办者，发起人was

foundedonfoundationfounded

in13.passion

n.酷爱；激情1.Passionswererunninghighatthemeeting.

会上群情激昂。2.Hehasapassionformusic.

他酷爱音乐。3.Theyoungstudentdescribedthatconclusionwithpassionthatday.

那天那个年轻的学生慷慨激昂地描述了那个结论。fullofpassion充满激情withpassion

富有激情haveapassionfor...

对……情有独钟，非常喜欢forofwithhaving

a

passion

forbeinpower掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用)havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力/权力withinone’spower在某人的能力范围内，力所能及beyond/outofone’spower某人力所不能及的powerful

adj.

强有力的beyondpowerfulwithinto

solvecame

to

power1)Asaconsequence/Inconsequence,hefledAmerica.2)Asa/Inconsequenceoffoodwaste,moreenvironmentalproblemsarecaused.3)Thewarmingoftheearthandtheconsequentclimatechangeaffectusall.4)Shewasabrightandeagerstudentand,consequently,didwellinschool.15.consequencen.结果；后果；影响asaconsequence=inconsequence因此;结果asaconsequenceof=inconsequenceof由于……的缘故consequentadj.随之发生的;作为结果的consequentlyadv.因此;结果一句多译因为吸烟，我父亲经常咳嗽。Myfathercoughsfrequently

.___________________________________smoking.2.我父亲吸烟，结果他经常咳嗽。Myfathersmokes,and,

.

,hecoughsfrequently.asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof/asaresultof/becauseofasaconsequence/inconsequence/consequently/asaresult

up

a

position

担任;任职【归纳】take

up接受;开始从事;继续;占据(时间或空间)take

off脱掉;起飞;成名;迅速流行/突然大受欢迎The

plane

took

off

an

hour

late.飞机起飞晚了一个小时.he

new

magazine

has

really

taken

off.这份新杂志真是大受欢迎.take

in接受;收留;理解;明白;欺骗;吸入He

was

homeless,

so

we

took

him

in.他无家可归，我们便收留了他。Don‘tbetakeninbyhischarm.不要被他那迷人的风度所蒙蔽Gazingupintohiseyes,sheseemedtotakeinallhesaid.她抬起头注视着他的眼睛，好像听懂了他说的一切。take

on雇用;呈现(新面貌等);承担;同某人较量；

take

over接管;to

take

on

new

staff雇用新员工takeonresponsibilities短语填空①Smartphonesnotonly

ourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.

②Themorefatyou

beforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.

③Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourcountryhas

anewlook.

takeuptakeintakenon17.encounter

v.偶然碰到；遇到

n.邂逅；遭遇encounteredwithacross/intoencounter

problems18.remarkable

adj.非凡的；显著的1.Beijing,thecapitalofChina,isremarkableforitslongmagnificenthistory.北京是中国的首都，因其悠久而辉煌的历史而著称。2.Itisremarkablethatwomendidnothavethevoteuntilthattime.妇女直到那个时候才有选举权，这很令人惊讶。3.Hemadeanumberofruderemarksaboutthefoodhere.关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。4.Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcaraccidentswereonthedecreaseduetotheforcefullaw.一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。beremarkablefor以……著称remarkably

adv.非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地remark

n.谈论；言论；评述

v.

谈论；评论；说起makearemark/remarkson/upon...对……发表意见remarkon/upon...谈论/评论……remarkableremarkablyremarkedon/uponremarkable

improvement19.sum

v.总结；概括

n.金额；款项；总数；总和1.Nowsumupyourviewsinafewwords.现在用几句话概括一下你的观点。2.Tosumup/Insum,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。3.Shehasdonatedalargesumofmoneytothehospitals.她已经向这些医院捐出一大笔善款。sumup计算……的总数；总结；概括tosumup总之，总的来说(常位于句首)insum总之，总而言之alargesumof一大笔；大量的summary

n.总结；摘要；概要单句语法填空/完成句子①Letmesum

thelastlesson.Afterthatwe’lltakeupanewlesson.②Pleasewritemea

(sum)ofthisreport.③

(sum)up,therearethreemainwaysofsettlingtheproblem.④Manymembersspokeatthemeeting,andfinallythechairman

thediscussion.

许多成员在会议上发了言，最后主席总结了这次讨论。upsummaryTo

sumsummed

upPART4Keyphrases1.对……极为重要的/必不可少的2.承诺/保证(做某事)4.献身于/致力于(做)某事5.承认(做了)某事6.被认为是……7.众所周知/普遍认为7.很显然……8.坚决要求（做）某事9.坚决要求(从句用虚拟语气)10.结果11.因为12.担任；任职13.总之bevitalto/foracknowledge

doingsth.be

acknowledgedas.../tobe...

insiston(doing)sth.insist

(that)…(should)do…Itisapparent/clear/obviousthat...

asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult

takeupapositiontosumup=inconclusion=toconcludeItisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…asaconsequenceof…=inconsequenceof…=asaresultof…

13.(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗14.(开始)掌权；上台15.与…截然不同的/有区别的16.得到许可17.学术成就18.得出结论19.偶然碰到…20.绝不，无论如何都不21.在理论上/实践上22.一大笔钱/少量的钱23.目的是…24.酷爱…25.白开水(煮开过的);正在沸腾的水wearandtearobtainpermissionacademicachievementsintheory/practicealarge/smallsumofmoneyin/undernocircumstances

withtheobjectiveofdoing…haveapassionfor…=bepassionateabout…boiledwater；boilingwaterbedistinctfrom…encountersth=haveanencounterwithst